This paper provides an overview of the current challenges that occur within the design of the urban mobility concept and urban development concept. These challenges are discussed in view of the unique ELABORATOR project, which brings together different approaches and measures in a total of 12 European cities to improve micro mobility and sustainability and prove a concept toward climate-neutral cities. The main goal of the paper is to clearly describe the current state of mobility in the city of Liberec in the Rochlice housing estate area with the main objective focused on parking availability and identification of undesirable phenomena (incorrect parking, exhausted parking capacity, difficult passage for rescue services etc.). Therefore, the definition of ongoing problems is described from default to design and propose strategic interventions towards efficient parking supporting local mobility needs. Parallelly, the evaluation methodology is defined according to the requirements of strategically defined goals in sustainable urban mobility plans and the goals of the project. The proposed methodology reflects in situ measurement, identification of large-scale impacts based on quantitative analysis, and qualitative feedback collection from public events and applied interviews with city residents, and last but not least, the use of shared experiences of cities within the ELABORATOR project. This complex solution is defined to improve parking availability and to measure the real impact of proposed interventions on traffic on dedicated housing estates.

In the context of nature protection, there is an effort to regulate individual car traffic in protected areas. In the framework of the research, a pilot testing of a vehicle detection and identification system in the Krkonoše National Park was carried out using two selected technologies (license plate recognition and Bluetooth token detection). The research was carried out under conditions of poorer availability of mobile signal for transmission of measured data, lack of electrical power supply, and in challenging climatic conditions in the mountains. The main objective was to verify the applicability and limits of the mentioned technologies under these difficult conditions. For this purpose, two test sites were built: a fixed and a mobile point. Testing at both points was carried out using two basic methods, namely online through continuous data collection from the detectors and on-site through a local survey during the summer of 2022. The parameters evaluated were the reliability of the vehicle identification itself and the reliability of the operation of the individual detection subsystems and the tested system as a whole. The results show that the license plate recognition system using two cameras for the checkpoint shows a high recognition reliability, but it is reduced for some types of vehicles (especially motorcycles and four-wheelers). At the same time, this technology is demanding on energy resources. Detection using a Bluetooth scanner has proven to be highly reliable up to 50 km/h. A reliable power supply is necessary to achieve high reliability, which was a problem at the mobile point. Evaluation of images from cameras with motion detection showed the limits of this technology, which increased with increasing vehicle speed. The system can be used to detect traffic in protected areas, taking into account the limits specified in this article.

The paper describes the software outputs of the R&D project “Intelligent system for analysis and prediction of public transport”. All developed outputs were integrated into the pilot plant to test and optimize before the production phase. All outputs were tested first individually and then complexly with interconnection to other parts of the system. The paper further describes the process of testing and the results obtained for the short-term prediction module for route planning and the module for analysis and medium-term predicting for the needs of public transport operators.

The article deals with the issue of integrating public transport of regional capitals into integrated regional public transport systems. The aim of the work is to analyze the degree and forms of fare integration in thirteen regional cities, focusing on the conditions for short-term single fares, which best reflect the actual interconnection of urban and regional transport from the passenger's point of view. Based on four predefined criteria of the proposed methodology, individual cities are compared in terms of acceptation of state discounts, the existence of parallel public transport fares, the price differentiation between urban and regional zones, and differences between the use of urban and regional lines within the urban area. The results show considerable heterogeneity in the approaches of individual regions, which is conditioned by institutional arrangements, tariff policy, and the technical capabilities of ticketing systems. Plzeň, Liberec, Jihlava, and Ústí nad Labem show the highest degree of integration, while in Ostrava and Olomouc there are still significant tariff differences between urban and regional transport. Prague and Brno achieve a medium level of integration, with their extensive public transport systems posing a specific challenge in terms of financing social discounts. The study also confirms the tendency between the size of a regional capital and the level of integration of city public transport into integrated public transport systems (IPTS) and points to the influence of the fare model used. The article emphasizes that full fare and operational integration brings significant benefits to passengers but requires intensive coordination between cities, regions, and their transport organizers. The conclusions of the study can help in the integration process of public transport in the Czech Republic. If the initial assumptions are met, these conclusions may also be applied abroad.

The article describes the practical experience of testing a specific ticketing system for public transport based on blockchain technology. The testing aimed to verify the overall functionality of the complex system as well as the correct execution of the functions of its selected parts, which consist of several separately developed but closely cooperating subsystems: blockchain, clearing, and mobile application subsystem with support of bank payment system.Communication between the different parts was implemented through APIs developed for this purpose. The availability of API documentation and the implementation on Linux OS allowed the use of sophisticated tools for testing and performing both manual and automated tests. Performed tests made it possible to detect errors in the program code of the respective components and to provide the basis for their elimination. Applied approaches and tools can be used to test similar complex information-handling systems.