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Coexistence between livestock grazing and carnivores in rangelands is a major challenge in terms of sustainable agriculture, animal welfare, species conservation and ecosystem function. Many effective non-lethal tools exist to protect livestock from predation, yet their adoption remains limited. Using a social-ecological transformations framework, we present two qualitative models that depict transformative change in rangelands grazing. Developed through participatory processes with stakeholders from South Africa and the United States of America, the models articulate drivers of change and the essential pathways to transition from routine lethal management of carnivores towards mutually beneficial coexistence. The pathways define broad actions that incorporate multiple values in grazing systems including changes to livestock management practices, financial support, industry capacity building, research, improved governance and marketing initiatives. A key finding is the new concept of ‘Predator Smart Farming’, a holistic and conscientious approach to agriculture, which increases the resilience of landscapes, animals (domesticated and wild) and rural livelihoods. Implementation of these multiple pathways would lead to a future system that ensures thriving agricultural communities, secure livelihoods, reduced violence toward animals, and landscapes that are productive and support species conservation and coexistence.
L. Boronyak; B. Jacobs; A. Wallach; J. McManus; S. Stone; S. Stevenson; B. Smuts; H. Zaranek. Pathways towards coexistence with large carnivores in production systems. Agriculture and Human Values 2021, 1 -18.
AMA StyleL. Boronyak, B. Jacobs, A. Wallach, J. McManus, S. Stone, S. Stevenson, B. Smuts, H. Zaranek. Pathways towards coexistence with large carnivores in production systems. Agriculture and Human Values. 2021; ():1-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL. Boronyak; B. Jacobs; A. Wallach; J. McManus; S. Stone; S. Stevenson; B. Smuts; H. Zaranek. 2021. "Pathways towards coexistence with large carnivores in production systems." Agriculture and Human Values , no. : 1-18.
This paper explores place-based adaptation by women in the coastal settlements of Gabura, Bangladesh through the lens of place attachment theory in the post-cyclone Aila context (after 2009). Place attachment refers to the relationship between people, place and processes in which place-based livelihood resources may be a central consideration. Place attachment is relevant because, unlike men, Gabura women are constrained by their socio-cultural context to remain in place following a natural disaster, in this case cyclone Aila, and therefore must rely on a limited range of local resources to support adaptation through the construction of place-based livelihoods. Drawing on a mixed method approach, we explore women's place-based adaptation (a set of livelihood outcomes) as resulting from multilevel social connections among ‘people’ (e.g. women and NGOs), the ‘place’ (i.e. Gabura, located adjacent to Sundarbans) and its natural resource endowments, and the ‘process’ of transformation of capital from one form (social and natural capital) into other forms (physical and financial) via knowledge sharing (human capital). This paper highlights women's place-based adaptation that reinforces their place attachment (through place dependency and identity) in a post-cyclone context. Rather than seeing the inability of women to leave a place after a disaster as a disadvantage, a place-attachment approach revealed the capacity of women to transform in place where the post-cyclone necessities and constraints were drivers for change.
Momtaj Bintay Khalil; Brent C. Jacobs. Understanding place-based adaptation of women in a post-cyclone context through place attachment. Environmental Development 2021, 39, 100644 .
AMA StyleMomtaj Bintay Khalil, Brent C. Jacobs. Understanding place-based adaptation of women in a post-cyclone context through place attachment. Environmental Development. 2021; 39 ():100644.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMomtaj Bintay Khalil; Brent C. Jacobs. 2021. "Understanding place-based adaptation of women in a post-cyclone context through place attachment." Environmental Development 39, no. : 100644.
Two of the biggest global challenges for food security – phosphorus scarcity and climate change – are threatening farmers’ livelihoods, agricultural productivity and environmental integrity. In Sri Lanka, the agricultural sector is comprised largely of smallholder farmers where rain-fed rice is often a staple. Yet climate change projections indicate rice yields could drop by 40%, affecting the majority of farmers, and poverty levels could increase from 17% to 33%. At the same time, fertilisers are highly subsidized, without which farmers in this import-dependent island state would be exposed to future price fluctuations like the 800% phosphate price spike in 2008. Collaborative research between Sri Lankan and Australian researchers investigated the capacity of smallholder farmers, policy-makers and other food system stakeholders in Sri Lanka to adapt to these twin challenges via a participatory rapid integrated vulnerability assessment framework. We find that while Sri Lanka is vulnerable, there are many adaptive strategies already in place or planned. Although these strategies are not driven by climate change adaptation or phosphorus scarcity, they could be strengthened to support phosphorus and climate smart agriculture (PACSA). Sri Lanka’s food production is in the midst of a major transformation, largely driven by the President’s push for organic agriculture and organic fertilisers, waste-to-energy systems implemented through public-private partnerships, and the National Adaptation Plan for Climate Change. There are many ‘win-win’ PACSA opportunities both on- and off-farm, such as developing crop varieties that are drought-tolerant and need less phosphorus fertiliser and improved cold storage in the food value chain to reduce food losses.
Dana Cordell; Elsa Dominish; Mohamed Esham; Brent Jacobs; Madhuri Nanda. Adapting food systems to the twin challenges of phosphorus and climate vulnerability: the case of Sri Lanka. Food Security 2021, 13, 477 -492.
AMA StyleDana Cordell, Elsa Dominish, Mohamed Esham, Brent Jacobs, Madhuri Nanda. Adapting food systems to the twin challenges of phosphorus and climate vulnerability: the case of Sri Lanka. Food Security. 2021; 13 (2):477-492.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDana Cordell; Elsa Dominish; Mohamed Esham; Brent Jacobs; Madhuri Nanda. 2021. "Adapting food systems to the twin challenges of phosphorus and climate vulnerability: the case of Sri Lanka." Food Security 13, no. 2: 477-492.
Climate change is a significant challenge for policy makers, planners and communities. While adaptation responses are generally recognised to be place-based, policy processes on adaptation often reside with central (state or national) governments that may be remote from regional communities. In this paper, we contribute to the literature regarding how diverse regional communities engage with planning and policy for climate adaptation, which is important for successful implementation. We adopt a social network analysis (SNA) approach that enables an exploration of the interaction of community networks with policy information. There are limited empirical studies of information sharing about climate adaptation policy through community knowledge networks. One previous study, located in coastal New South Wales, Australia, mapped the community’s knowledge acquisition and diffusion to reveal the underlying network structures that influenced policy engagement pathways. However, further studies are needed to determine how the features of community networks may change with local context (e.g., coastal versus inland). This paper extends previous studies to compare and contrast adaptation knowledge networks in three NSW communities: Shoalhaven (the original coastal study site), Bega (coastal) and Orange (inland). Findings suggest that the presence of a natural resource-dependent industry, local geographies and boundary spanners acting as network knowledge brokers are factors influencing community knowledge flows. The work further demonstrates the utility of SNA to measure knowledge networks that can inform government engagement and communication with communities on climate adaptation policy.
Rebecca Cunningham; Brent Jacobs; Thomas G. Measham. Uncovering Engagement Networks for Adaptation in Three Regional Communities: Empirical Examples from New South Wales, Australia. Climate 2021, 9, 21 .
AMA StyleRebecca Cunningham, Brent Jacobs, Thomas G. Measham. Uncovering Engagement Networks for Adaptation in Three Regional Communities: Empirical Examples from New South Wales, Australia. Climate. 2021; 9 (2):21.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRebecca Cunningham; Brent Jacobs; Thomas G. Measham. 2021. "Uncovering Engagement Networks for Adaptation in Three Regional Communities: Empirical Examples from New South Wales, Australia." Climate 9, no. 2: 21.
Summary Systems thinking provides a comprehensive range of theories and methods that are useful for understanding and managing sustainability challenges. Biodiversity conservation is riddled with complex interactions between science, society and myriad interacting systems through temporal and spatial scales. This article presents a synthetic analysis of the history of systems thinking from a genealogical perspective, drawing from hard and soft systems thinking, and resilience and social-ecological systems. Using the anchor point of system leverage points and system characteristics (parameters, feedbacks, design and intent), we employ a diversity of examples to illustrate their relevance to multiple biodiversity related problems. We conclude by illustrating the opportunities for systems thinking to bridge epistemic divides with multiple biodiversity actors working towards conservation outcomes. Systems thinking can support more integrative biodiversity interventions, as they provide a pluralistic set of tools for bridging knowledges and disciplines, which can be useful to create new shared understandings of how to conserve biodiversity.
Federico Davila; Roel Plant; Brent Jacobs. Biodiversity revisited through systems thinking. Environmental Conservation 2021, 48, 16 -24.
AMA StyleFederico Davila, Roel Plant, Brent Jacobs. Biodiversity revisited through systems thinking. Environmental Conservation. 2021; 48 (1):16-24.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFederico Davila; Roel Plant; Brent Jacobs. 2021. "Biodiversity revisited through systems thinking." Environmental Conservation 48, no. 1: 16-24.
Peri-urban areas are the interface between urban and rural regions, with these regions traditionally acting as foodbowls for adjacent urban areas. This peri-urban agriculture provides a diverse suite of benefits to urban areas. Increasingly, however, peri-urban areas are being converted to residential uses, driven in part by higher land values secured for land converted for residential development. In Sydney, planning and development has tended to treat peri-urban areas as ‘suburbs in waiting’. Using a Foucauldian governmentality approach, this paper investigates the prevailing rationalities in metropolitan-level strategic planning documents—in particular A Plan for Growing Sydney and the Draft South West District Plan—and how these rationalities relate to peri-urban agriculture. Our analysis shows that the three overarching rationalities—the global city, the compact city and the sustainability agenda—frame the urbanisation of peri-urban agricultural lands as necessary and inevitable, and only integrate agriculture as part of the future of the city of Sydney when it can be rationalised within the ‘global city’ narrative. As a result, peri-urban areas are not considered to have unique planning needs, but are imagined as latent spaces that will enable Sydney to meet its housing and job targets through their future development.
Laura Wynne; Laure-Elise Ruoso; Dana Cordell; Brent Jacobs. ‘Locationally disadvantaged’: planning governmentalities and peri-urban agricultural futures. Australian Geographer 2020, 51, 377 -397.
AMA StyleLaura Wynne, Laure-Elise Ruoso, Dana Cordell, Brent Jacobs. ‘Locationally disadvantaged’: planning governmentalities and peri-urban agricultural futures. Australian Geographer. 2020; 51 (3):377-397.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLaura Wynne; Laure-Elise Ruoso; Dana Cordell; Brent Jacobs. 2020. "‘Locationally disadvantaged’: planning governmentalities and peri-urban agricultural futures." Australian Geographer 51, no. 3: 377-397.
Small water storages are recognized as a key invention that facilitated the colonization of the dry zone of Sri Lanka. These small reservoirs, referred to as ‘tanks’, were initially constructed to collect the local runoff and this practice gradually evolved into the construction of larger tanks. Originally tanks were primarily managed by local communities to suit their livelihoods, often as linked Small Tank Cascade Systems (STCS). During the British colonial period, community-led management structures were disregarded and largely disbanded as government converted the governance of larger water storages into centrally managed structures. Since independence, the management of STCS has passed through various government agencies. This paper describes the management of STCS through history and identifies major issues in the current governance model and the challenges and opportunities associated with renewed interest in STCS to support adaptation to climate change. We conclude that contemporary challenges in using STCS for climate adaptation result from past inadequacies in the governance of this water resource.
Bhathiya Kekulandala; Brent Jacobs; Rebecca Cunningham. Management of small irrigation tank cascade systems (STCS) in Sri Lanka: past, present and future. Climate and Development 2020, 13, 337 -347.
AMA StyleBhathiya Kekulandala, Brent Jacobs, Rebecca Cunningham. Management of small irrigation tank cascade systems (STCS) in Sri Lanka: past, present and future. Climate and Development. 2020; 13 (4):337-347.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBhathiya Kekulandala; Brent Jacobs; Rebecca Cunningham. 2020. "Management of small irrigation tank cascade systems (STCS) in Sri Lanka: past, present and future." Climate and Development 13, no. 4: 337-347.
This chapter presents the emergence of relationality as an individual and collective capacity that has the potential to enable transformative adaptation to meet future climate challenges. Given that people create the social systems that influence their lives, the capacity for adaptation to climate change may be viewed as both an individual attribute constructed through social learning and knowledge exchange and a fundamental component of an enabling environment of social institutions. Governance of climate adaptation, therefore, requires a deeper consideration of the moral and ethical motivation and behavior of participants. The concept of relationality may be operationalized in governance as capacity building through transformative dialogue processes within and among stakeholders designed to generate relational responsibility. Five governance approaches are briefly examined for their potential to facilitate the emergence of relationality including (i) polycentric (ii) middle-out, (iii) collaborative, (iv) transformational, and (v) experimental governance. Key attributes of these processes are synthesized into a relational governance model. Together, these concepts are used to examine two case studies from New South Wales (NSW) Australia that illustrate that relationality can be enabled and expressed in existing forms of governance. This is the case when government is prepared to experiment and improvise adaptation practices across scales and contexts and embrace the norms, values, relations, ways of thinking, paradigms, and mental models that a diversity of actors can collectively bring to bear on a complex problem. These kinds of approaches need to become normalized across formal and informal adaptation governance.
Isabel Sebastian; Brent Jacobs. The Emergence of Relationality in Governance of Climate Change Adaptation. The Palgrave Handbook of Climate Resilient Societies 2020, 1 -33.
AMA StyleIsabel Sebastian, Brent Jacobs. The Emergence of Relationality in Governance of Climate Change Adaptation. The Palgrave Handbook of Climate Resilient Societies. 2020; ():1-33.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsabel Sebastian; Brent Jacobs. 2020. "The Emergence of Relationality in Governance of Climate Change Adaptation." The Palgrave Handbook of Climate Resilient Societies , no. : 1-33.
In light of escalating threats to biodiversity, conflicts between humans and large carnivores in production landscapes must be resolved. We explore how interactions between humans, large carnivores, and livestock can be modified to promote coexistence. We identify four rationales for building coexistence capacities in extensive rangeland livestock production systems: (1) livestock production is a dominant terrestrial land use; (2) large carnivores provide critical contributions to ecological functions; (3) the persecution of large carnivores has high ethical, welfare, reputational and social costs; and (4) a growing body of evidence shows that lethal control can be counterproductive to reducing predation risk. Two key leverage points to foster human–carnivore coexistence are the adoption of preventive non-lethal innovations, and the creation of an enabling environment. Leverage points must be appropriate at the local landscape scale and contribute towards global efforts to conserve large carnivores.
Louise Boronyak; Brent Jacobs; Arian Wallach. Transitioning towards human–large carnivore coexistence in extensive grazing systems. Ambio 2020, 49, 1982 -1991.
AMA StyleLouise Boronyak, Brent Jacobs, Arian Wallach. Transitioning towards human–large carnivore coexistence in extensive grazing systems. Ambio. 2020; 49 (12):1982-1991.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLouise Boronyak; Brent Jacobs; Arian Wallach. 2020. "Transitioning towards human–large carnivore coexistence in extensive grazing systems." Ambio 49, no. 12: 1982-1991.
Papua New Guinea’s (PNG) mainland consists of 33 million hectares of forests. The third largest intact rainforest in the world, it contains about 7% of the world’s species, 2/3 of which are unique to PNG. PNG’s ecosystems face multiple and interdependent threats associated with economic development, population growth and a changing climate. Academic and policy analysis on environmental change in PNG is extensive, particularly associated with the minerals and energy extraction sector. To counterbalance the negative impacts of this sector on affected communities, much of the focus has been on devising compensation packages and formal regulatory mechanisms to increase ‘landowner’ participation. Less attention has been afforded to the development activities undertaken by communities (e.g. development of new roads, expansion of settlements, land clearance from fires and logging), which also impact on ecosystem services. PNG’s rural communities are eager for more support to identify existing threats to supplement their own processes for determining trade-offs of development particularly under a changing climate. This paper describes the use, in facilitated workshops, of participatory techniques to engage communities in managing ecosystem services and biodiversity conservation to inform the development of community-led adaptive strategies.
Brent Jacobs; Kylie McKenna; Louise Boronyak; Francesca Dem; Shen Sui; Kenneth Pomoh; Mavis Jimbudo; Heveakore Maraia. Engaging Communities and Government in Biodiversity Conservation and Climate Adaptation in Papua New Guinea. Climate Change Management 2020, 213 -230.
AMA StyleBrent Jacobs, Kylie McKenna, Louise Boronyak, Francesca Dem, Shen Sui, Kenneth Pomoh, Mavis Jimbudo, Heveakore Maraia. Engaging Communities and Government in Biodiversity Conservation and Climate Adaptation in Papua New Guinea. Climate Change Management. 2020; ():213-230.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrent Jacobs; Kylie McKenna; Louise Boronyak; Francesca Dem; Shen Sui; Kenneth Pomoh; Mavis Jimbudo; Heveakore Maraia. 2020. "Engaging Communities and Government in Biodiversity Conservation and Climate Adaptation in Papua New Guinea." Climate Change Management , no. : 213-230.
Kiribati, a small-island developing state in the Pacific, experiences a range of climate change impacts, including drought, sea-level rise, coastal erosion and saltwater intrusion to freshwater lenses. These impacts negatively affect food security and drinking water quality resulting in poor human health outcomes, particularly child morbidity. Timely warning about changes to drinking water supplies could reduce community health impacts but the existence and effectiveness of knowledge networks for water quality are unclear. This paper describes an engagement process with key stakeholders (government, community service organizations and community members) to understand how information about the impacts of climate change on potable water supplies was sought and shared using a social network analysis approach. The information networks revealed were highly fragmented and timely sharing of information was poor, which limits effective prophylactic intervention that might reduce child mortality from preventable diseases and illnesses such as diarrhoea. The main conclusion reached is that fragmented island geography and traditional forms of oral information transmission may be important factors that shape the formation and function of water knowledge networks in Kiribati. The wider application of these findings to other Pacific Island contexts requires further research to fully understand how knowledge flows could be optimized in the future.
Rebecca Cunningham; Pierre Mukheibir; Brent Jacobs; Louise Boronyak; Pelenise Alofa. A Knowledge Network Approach to Understanding Water Shortage Adaptation in Kiribati. Climate Change Management 2020, 151 -169.
AMA StyleRebecca Cunningham, Pierre Mukheibir, Brent Jacobs, Louise Boronyak, Pelenise Alofa. A Knowledge Network Approach to Understanding Water Shortage Adaptation in Kiribati. Climate Change Management. 2020; ():151-169.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRebecca Cunningham; Pierre Mukheibir; Brent Jacobs; Louise Boronyak; Pelenise Alofa. 2020. "A Knowledge Network Approach to Understanding Water Shortage Adaptation in Kiribati." Climate Change Management , no. : 151-169.
Phosphorus is a critical agricultural nutrient and a major pollutant in waterbodies due to inefficient use. In the form of rock phosphate it is a finite global commodity vulnerable to price shocks and sourcing challenges. Transforming toward sustainable phosphorus management involves local to global stakeholders. Conventional readings of stakeholders may not reflect system complexity leaving it difficult to see stakeholder roles in transformations. We attempt to remedy this issue with a novel stakeholder analysis method based on five qualitative pillars: stakeholder agency, system roles, power and influence, alignment to the problem, and transformational potential. We argue that our approach suits case studies of individual stakeholders, stakeholder groups, and organisations with relationships to sustainability challenges.
Christopher Lyon; Dana Cordell; Brent Jacobs; Julia Martin-Ortega; Rachel Marshall; Miller Alonso Camargo-Valero; Erin Sherry. Five pillars for stakeholder analyses in sustainability transformations: The global case of phosphorus. Environmental Science & Policy 2020, 107, 80 -89.
AMA StyleChristopher Lyon, Dana Cordell, Brent Jacobs, Julia Martin-Ortega, Rachel Marshall, Miller Alonso Camargo-Valero, Erin Sherry. Five pillars for stakeholder analyses in sustainability transformations: The global case of phosphorus. Environmental Science & Policy. 2020; 107 ():80-89.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristopher Lyon; Dana Cordell; Brent Jacobs; Julia Martin-Ortega; Rachel Marshall; Miller Alonso Camargo-Valero; Erin Sherry. 2020. "Five pillars for stakeholder analyses in sustainability transformations: The global case of phosphorus." Environmental Science & Policy 107, no. : 80-89.
The chaotic distribution and dispersal of phosphorus (P) used in food systems (defined here as disorderly disruptions to the P cycle) is harming our environment beyond acceptable limits. An analysis of P stores and flows across Europe in 2005 showed that high fertiliser P inputs relative to productive outputs was driving low system P efficiency (38 % overall). Regional P imbalance (P surplus) and system P losses were highly correlated to total system P inputs and animal densities, causing unnecessary P accumulation in soils and rivers. Reducing regional P surpluses to zero increased system P efficiency (+ 16 %) and decreased total P losses by 35 %, but required a reduction in system P inputs of ca. 40 %, largely as fertiliser. We discuss transdisciplinary and transformative solutions that tackle the P chaos by collective stakeholder actions across the entire food value chain. Lowering system P demand and better regional governance of P resources appear necessary for more efficient and sustainable food systems.
Paul J. A. Withers; Kirsty G. Forber; Christopher Lyon; Shane Rothwell; Donnacha G. Doody; Helen P. Jarvie; Julia Martin-Ortega; Brent Jacobs; Dana Cordell; Myles Patton; Miller A. Camargo-Valero; Rachel Cassidy. Towards resolving the phosphorus chaos created by food systems. Ambio 2019, 49, 1076 -1089.
AMA StylePaul J. A. Withers, Kirsty G. Forber, Christopher Lyon, Shane Rothwell, Donnacha G. Doody, Helen P. Jarvie, Julia Martin-Ortega, Brent Jacobs, Dana Cordell, Myles Patton, Miller A. Camargo-Valero, Rachel Cassidy. Towards resolving the phosphorus chaos created by food systems. Ambio. 2019; 49 (5):1076-1089.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaul J. A. Withers; Kirsty G. Forber; Christopher Lyon; Shane Rothwell; Donnacha G. Doody; Helen P. Jarvie; Julia Martin-Ortega; Brent Jacobs; Dana Cordell; Myles Patton; Miller A. Camargo-Valero; Rachel Cassidy. 2019. "Towards resolving the phosphorus chaos created by food systems." Ambio 49, no. 5: 1076-1089.
Kasper Reitzel; William Bennett; Nils Berger; Will J. Brownlie; Sander Bruun; Morten Christensen; Dana Cordell; Kimo Van Dijk; Sara Egemose; Herbert Eigner; Ronnie N. Glud; Outi Grönfors; Ludwig Hermann; Sabine Houot; Michael Hupfer; Brent Jacobs; Leon Korving; Charlotte Kjærgaard; Henrikki Liimatainen; Mark C.M. Van Loosdrecht; Katrina A. Macintosh; Jakob Magid; Frederico Maia; Julia Martin-Ortega; John McGrath; Roel Meulepas; Michael Murry; Tina-Simone Neset; Günter Neumann; Ulla G. Nielsen; Per H. Nielsen; Vincent O’Flaherty; Haiyan Qu; Jakob Santner; Verena Seufert; Bryan Spears; Lindsay C. Stringer; Marc Stutter; Peter H. Verburg; Philipp Wilfert; Paul N. Williams; Genevieve Metson. New Training to Meet the Global Phosphorus Challenge. Environmental Science & Technology 2019, 53, 8479 -8481.
AMA StyleKasper Reitzel, William Bennett, Nils Berger, Will J. Brownlie, Sander Bruun, Morten Christensen, Dana Cordell, Kimo Van Dijk, Sara Egemose, Herbert Eigner, Ronnie N. Glud, Outi Grönfors, Ludwig Hermann, Sabine Houot, Michael Hupfer, Brent Jacobs, Leon Korving, Charlotte Kjærgaard, Henrikki Liimatainen, Mark C.M. Van Loosdrecht, Katrina A. Macintosh, Jakob Magid, Frederico Maia, Julia Martin-Ortega, John McGrath, Roel Meulepas, Michael Murry, Tina-Simone Neset, Günter Neumann, Ulla G. Nielsen, Per H. Nielsen, Vincent O’Flaherty, Haiyan Qu, Jakob Santner, Verena Seufert, Bryan Spears, Lindsay C. Stringer, Marc Stutter, Peter H. Verburg, Philipp Wilfert, Paul N. Williams, Genevieve Metson. New Training to Meet the Global Phosphorus Challenge. Environmental Science & Technology. 2019; 53 (15):8479-8481.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKasper Reitzel; William Bennett; Nils Berger; Will J. Brownlie; Sander Bruun; Morten Christensen; Dana Cordell; Kimo Van Dijk; Sara Egemose; Herbert Eigner; Ronnie N. Glud; Outi Grönfors; Ludwig Hermann; Sabine Houot; Michael Hupfer; Brent Jacobs; Leon Korving; Charlotte Kjærgaard; Henrikki Liimatainen; Mark C.M. Van Loosdrecht; Katrina A. Macintosh; Jakob Magid; Frederico Maia; Julia Martin-Ortega; John McGrath; Roel Meulepas; Michael Murry; Tina-Simone Neset; Günter Neumann; Ulla G. Nielsen; Per H. Nielsen; Vincent O’Flaherty; Haiyan Qu; Jakob Santner; Verena Seufert; Bryan Spears; Lindsay C. Stringer; Marc Stutter; Peter H. Verburg; Philipp Wilfert; Paul N. Williams; Genevieve Metson. 2019. "New Training to Meet the Global Phosphorus Challenge." Environmental Science & Technology 53, no. 15: 8479-8481.
Soils, like other natural resources, are in crisis; a policy vacuum exists, and we are observing dedicated efforts from the scientific community to address this vacuum. At the forefront of these efforts is the concept of ‘soil security’, which to date has gained support amongst soil advocates but still lacks traction in the political arena. This calls into question the alignment of current framings of soil sustainability, such as soil security, with policy makers' perceptions of the issue. To contribute to a stronger framing of soils for political agenda setting, we offer a social science perspective. We apply Stone's causal stories framework to review conceptually how ‘soil security’ and related concepts might operate in agenda setting. From there, we proceed to analyse the jurisdictional case of soil policy development in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. We find that despite the presence of a compelling policy ‘window’ and completion of a draft policy document, a change of government in NSW has caused the implementation of a new soil policy to fail. While the causes of this failure are largely unexplored, we suggest that the application of transdisciplinary approaches to soil policy processes could help avoid such situations in the future. Transdisciplinary approaches could assist policy processes through the development of a strong soil narrative that can re-politicise soils, instigate lasting soil policies and ultimately lead to societies' sustainable soil use and management. We advocate a more explicitly articulated and implemented transdisciplinary approach, with social science insights about framing and agenda setting as a starting point.
Mariana Gonzalez Lago; Roel Plant; Brent Jacobs. Re-politicising soils: What is the role of soil framings in setting the agenda? Geoderma 2019, 349, 97 -106.
AMA StyleMariana Gonzalez Lago, Roel Plant, Brent Jacobs. Re-politicising soils: What is the role of soil framings in setting the agenda? Geoderma. 2019; 349 ():97-106.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMariana Gonzalez Lago; Roel Plant; Brent Jacobs. 2019. "Re-politicising soils: What is the role of soil framings in setting the agenda?" Geoderma 349, no. : 97-106.
Globally, areas of high-quality wildlife habitat of significant environmental value are at risk of permanent damage from climate change. These areas represent social-ecological systems that will require increasing management intervention to maintain their biological and socio-cultural values. Managers of protected areas have begun to recognize the inevitability of ecosystem change and the need to embrace dynamic approaches to intervention. However, significant uncertainty remains about the onset and severity of some impacts, which makes planning difficult. For Indigenous communities, there are intrinsic links between cultural heritage and the conservation of place and biodiversity that need to be better integrated in protected area planning and management. In New South Wales, Australia, management of public conservation reserves and national parks is the responsibility of a State government agency, the National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS). This paper describes the outcomes of a participatory planning process with NPWS staff to, firstly, identify the options available, the available ‘tool kit’, to manage biodiversity and cultural heritage in protected areas; secondly, explore how the selection of management actions from the ‘tool kit’ is associated with the level of climate risk to biodiversity or cultural heritage assets; and thirdly, to understand how the form of individual management actions might adapt to changes in climate risk. Combining these three elements into a series of risk-based, adaptive pathways for conservation of biodiversity and cultural heritage is a novel approach that is currently supporting place-based planning for public conservation areas. Incorporation of the trade-offs and synergies in seeking to effectively manage these discrete but related types of values and the implications for conservation practice are discussed.
Brent Jacobs; Louise Boronyak; Polly Mitchell. Application of Risk-Based, Adaptive Pathways to Climate Adaptation Planning for Public Conservation Areas in NSW, Australia. Climate 2019, 7, 58 .
AMA StyleBrent Jacobs, Louise Boronyak, Polly Mitchell. Application of Risk-Based, Adaptive Pathways to Climate Adaptation Planning for Public Conservation Areas in NSW, Australia. Climate. 2019; 7 (4):58.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrent Jacobs; Louise Boronyak; Polly Mitchell. 2019. "Application of Risk-Based, Adaptive Pathways to Climate Adaptation Planning for Public Conservation Areas in NSW, Australia." Climate 7, no. 4: 58.
Phosphorus is an essential part of the world food web and a non-substitutable nutrient in all biological systems. Losses of phosphorus occur along the food-supply chain and cause environmental degradation and eutrophication. A key global challenge is to meet rising worldwide food demand while protecting water and environmental quality, and seeking to manage uncertainty around potential future phosphorus price or supply shocks. This paper presents a stakeholder-generated conceptual model of potential transformative change for implementing phosphorus sustainability on the island of Ireland via an ‘All-Island Phosphorus Sustainability’ workshop. Key transition pathways identified by stakeholders included: incentivising phosphorus recovery, developing collaborative networks to facilitate change, developing markets and value chains for recovered products; implementing data-informed practices on-farm to prevent losses and increase efficiencies, and harmonisation of technologies with end-user needs. A comparable model was previously produced for the North American region. We describe consensus and differences around key priorities between the two regions' conceptual models, and assess how the model produced for the island of Ireland can effect system-wide change and policy moving forward. Many of the transitional pathways and future aspirations presented in both models resonate globally and are highly pertinent to other jurisdictions.
Katrina A. Macintosh; Jason Chin; Brent Jacobs; Dana Cordell; Richard McDowell; Paul Butler; Philip Haygarth; Paul Williams; John P. Quinn; Vincent O'Flaherty; John W. McGrath. Transforming phosphorus use on the island of Ireland: A model for a sustainable system. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 656, 852 -861.
AMA StyleKatrina A. Macintosh, Jason Chin, Brent Jacobs, Dana Cordell, Richard McDowell, Paul Butler, Philip Haygarth, Paul Williams, John P. Quinn, Vincent O'Flaherty, John W. McGrath. Transforming phosphorus use on the island of Ireland: A model for a sustainable system. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 656 ():852-861.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatrina A. Macintosh; Jason Chin; Brent Jacobs; Dana Cordell; Richard McDowell; Paul Butler; Philip Haygarth; Paul Williams; John P. Quinn; Vincent O'Flaherty; John W. McGrath. 2018. "Transforming phosphorus use on the island of Ireland: A model for a sustainable system." Science of The Total Environment 656, no. : 852-861.
Successful adaptation to climate change requires collective action by multiple actors operating at multiple scales. The Climate Adapted People Shelters (CAPS) project addressed the complex challenges of public exposure to urban heat, its impacts on the community, and the need for smarter public transport infrastructure to improve the liveability of cities in a warming world. It found that solutions to this problem require the integration of knowledge that includes, but is not limited to, the disciplines of environmental physics, innovation and design, business management, smart technology design, transport user behaviour and local governance. The project sought to foster innovation in climate adaptation through an open and human-centred design competition involving multiple stakeholders. The process was important because it revealed that community expectations about bus shelter design and performance were multi-faceted, and that the needs of infrastructure users could inform the practices of designing future public infrastructure. We discuss how to achieve more effective and broadly accepted urban design by utilizing open innovation, addressing urban resilience and climate adaptation, and leveraging the opportunities that lie within the use of data analytics and sensor technologies to address, in particular, transport user needs.
Brent Jacobs; Jochen Schweitzer; Lee Wallace; Suzanne Dunford; Sarah Barns. Climate Adapted People Shelters: A Transdisciplinary Reimagining of Public Infrastructure Through Open, Design-Led Innovation. Transdisciplinary Theory, Practice and Education 2018, 257 -274.
AMA StyleBrent Jacobs, Jochen Schweitzer, Lee Wallace, Suzanne Dunford, Sarah Barns. Climate Adapted People Shelters: A Transdisciplinary Reimagining of Public Infrastructure Through Open, Design-Led Innovation. Transdisciplinary Theory, Practice and Education. 2018; ():257-274.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrent Jacobs; Jochen Schweitzer; Lee Wallace; Suzanne Dunford; Sarah Barns. 2018. "Climate Adapted People Shelters: A Transdisciplinary Reimagining of Public Infrastructure Through Open, Design-Led Innovation." Transdisciplinary Theory, Practice and Education , no. : 257-274.
Government seeks to manage public protected areas, such as national parks, to conserve high-quality wildlife habitats and provide essential ecosystems services at risk of permanent damage or extinction from climate change. The complexity of the organizational structure required to deliver this breadth of functions, coupled to uncertainty surrounding the onset and severity of climate impacts at local scale, impedes planning for climate change. This paper describes the development of an adaptation planning tool and its application in a pilot planning process for the National Parks and Wildlife Service, the agency of the New South Wales (NSW) Government (Australia) responsible for management of national parks and public conservation reserves. The process involved close engagement in knowledge co-production in participatory workshops, and employed two complementary techniques, adaptive pathways and risk assessment. It successfully elicited tacit knowledge of agency staff about the range of interventions available, the need for management practices to evolve, and of discontinuities in management pathways in a dynamic risk environment. Findings suggest that management effort across the NSW reserve system will increase as climate risk rises. Consequently, government will need to respond to increased demand for resources, for better targeting of those resources, and for management innovation in how resources are deployed to support adaptation that is both anticipatory and transformative.
Brent Jacobs; Louise Boronyak; Polly Mitchell; Miriam Vandenberg; Bronwyn Batten. Towards a climate change adaptation strategy for national parks: Adaptive management pathways under dynamic risk. Environmental Science & Policy 2018, 89, 206 -215.
AMA StyleBrent Jacobs, Louise Boronyak, Polly Mitchell, Miriam Vandenberg, Bronwyn Batten. Towards a climate change adaptation strategy for national parks: Adaptive management pathways under dynamic risk. Environmental Science & Policy. 2018; 89 ():206-215.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrent Jacobs; Louise Boronyak; Polly Mitchell; Miriam Vandenberg; Bronwyn Batten. 2018. "Towards a climate change adaptation strategy for national parks: Adaptive management pathways under dynamic risk." Environmental Science & Policy 89, no. : 206-215.
Brent Jacobs; Dana Cordell; Jason Chin; Helen Rowe. Towards phosphorus sustainability in North America: A model for transformational change. Environmental Science & Policy 2017, 77, 151 -159.
AMA StyleBrent Jacobs, Dana Cordell, Jason Chin, Helen Rowe. Towards phosphorus sustainability in North America: A model for transformational change. Environmental Science & Policy. 2017; 77 ():151-159.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrent Jacobs; Dana Cordell; Jason Chin; Helen Rowe. 2017. "Towards phosphorus sustainability in North America: A model for transformational change." Environmental Science & Policy 77, no. : 151-159.