The evolution of the lunar magnetic field can reveal the Moon’s interior structure, thermal history, and surface environment. The mid-to-late-stage evolution of the lunar magnetic field is poorly constrained, and thus, the existence of a long-lived lunar dynamo remains controversial. The Chang’e-5 mission returned the heretofore youngest mare basalts from Oceanus Procellarum uniquely positioned at midlatitude. We recovered weak paleointensities of ~2 to 4 microtesla from the Chang’e-5 basalt clasts at 2 billion years ago, attesting to the longevity of the lunar dynamo until at least the Moon’s midstage. This paleomagnetic result implies the existence of thermal convection in the lunar deep interior at the lunar midstage, which may have supplied mantle heat flux for young volcanism.

The Lower Cretaceous Dalazi Formation in the Yanji Basin, eastern Jilin Province is of particular interest because it contains key fresh water fossil taxa, oil and gas resources, a potential terrestrial Albian–Cenomanian boundary, and regional unconformities. However, the lack of a precise chronology for the non-marine strata has precluded a better understanding of the regional stratigraphic correlation and terrestrial processes. Here, we report magnetostratigraphic and U–Pb geochronologic results of a sedimentary sequence from the Xing’antun section in the Yanji Basin. Thirty-two zircons from the tuff sample were analyzed by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS); the U–Pb zircon dating method yielded a weighted mean of ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 105.7 ± 0.8 Ma (2σ, internal error). Paleomagnetic results show that the Dalazi Formation is of normal polarity, which was correlated to the early chron C34n constrained by the SIMS U–Pb zircon geochronologic data, further demonstrating that the terrestrial sedimentary sequence of the upper Dalazi Formation is of late Albian age. The established geochronologic framework allows the regional correlation of the Dalazi Formation in the Yanji Basin to the strata from other terrestrial sequences in northeastern China. The similar geodynamic and geologic background between the Yanji Basin and other terrestrial rift basins in northeastern China suggests that the unconformity between the Dalazi and Longjing formations may represent syn-rift and post-rift stages in the Yanji Basin, and thus the switch from extension to contraction during the mid-Cretaceous, precisely constrained to ~106–101 Ma based on our new chronology and previously published high-precision U–Pb dating of the lower Longjing Formation. It is most likely attributable to the docking of the west Pacific plate along the East Asian continental margin.

The stability of contemporary ice shelves is under threat due to global warming, and the geological records in the Ross Sea offer such an opportunity to test the linkage between them. However, the absence of calcareous microfossils in the sediments of the Ross Sea results in uncertainties in establishing a precise chronology for studies. Hence, three sediment cores were collected and studied in terms of radiocarbon dating, magnetic susceptibility, and sediment grain size to reconstruct the environmental processes in the Ross Sea since the last glacial period. The main results are as follows: (1) two grain-size components were identified for the studied cores, which can be correlated to ice-shelf and sea-ice transport, respectively; (2) due to old-carbon contamination and an inconsistent carbon reservoir, the radiocarbon dates were generally underestimated, and as an alternative, changes in magnetic susceptibility of the studied cores can be tuned to the ice-core records to establish a reliable age–depth model and; (3) integrating sediment grain-size changes and comparisons with other paleoenvironmental proxies in the Antarctic, a process from a sub-ice sheet in the last glacial period to a sub-ice shelf in the glacial maximum, and, finally, to a glaciomarine state since the last deglacial period was identified in the western Ross Sea. Integrating these findings, the warming processes in the Antarctic were highlighted in the retreat processes of the Ross Ice Shelf in the past.

We present a decadal‐scale paleomagnetic analysis of a stalagmite collected from Shuixi Cave, southwest China, spanning 89−123 ka. Our findings include: (a) Magnetite is the dominant magnetic mineral, and paleomagnetic directions can be obtained via demagnetization; (b) Magnetic scanning at 0.1‐mm resolution captures key magnetic features, identifying eight reversed intervals; (c) The consistency between two measurements confirms the reliability of in situ magnetic scanning and shows that reversed intervals can be discerned from shifts in inclination and declination. Comparison with global geomagnetic records suggests that this interval consists of three major phases, namely the Blake, post‐Blake, and Skalamaelifell, characterized by four, two, and two reversed intervals occurring at 108,810−119,090 years BP, 99,780−103,140 years BP, and 90,950−94,470 years BP, respectively. These decadal‐resolution results illuminate the fine structure of the previously‐proposed Blake interval and highlight the potential of high‐resolution in situ magnetic scanning of precisely dated speleothems for resolving geomagnetic behavior.

Global cooling beginning ∼50 million years ago is commonly attributed to atmospheric CO2 drawdown driven by silicate weathering during uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and Himalaya. Yet direct, well-dated evidence connecting surface rise to cooling remains scarce. New paleoelevation and paleoenvironment data from the Mangkang Basin, Eastern Tibet, constrained by radiometrically anchored magnetostratigraphy and cyclostratigraphy, show rapid uplift from 3.3 ± 0.9 km to 4.3 ± 0.9 km with ∼5°C regional cooling between 35.7 and 35.2 Ma. Thus, Eastern Tibet attained near-modern elevations prior to the Eocene–Oligocene transition (EOT, 33.9 Ma), and long before major Himalayan uplift. This uplift is temporally correlated with increased orographic rainfall, initiation of Asia’s major rivers, enhanced sediment flux to marginal seas, and rising oceanic 87Sr/86Sr ratios. We suggest that late Eocene uplift and erosion of Eastern Tibet—not the later Miocene Himalaya uplift or plateau-wide rise—may have played an important role in driving the long-term CO2 decline and global cooling that ultimately culminated in the EOT.