Early Postpartum Hemorrhage (EPH) is one of the leading causes of postpartum mortality. It is defined as blood loss of at least 500 mL after vaginal or 1000 mL following cesarean delivery within 24 hours postpartum. The following paper includes literature review aimed to estimate the incidence and predictors of early postpartum hemorrhage (EPH). Available prevention and treatment methods were also assessed. The inclusion criteria for the study were met by 52 studies. The exact frequency of EPH in different populations varies from 1.2% to 12.5%. Maternal, pregnancy-associated, laborcorrelated and sociodemographic risk factors seem to be important predictors of EPH. In these cases appropriate prophylaxis should be considered. However, EPH may occur without previous risk factors. The main reason for EPH is uterine atony which contributes to up to 80% of cases of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Other common reasons for PPH include genital tract injuries, placenta accreta or coagulopathies. Interestingly, the majority of uterotonics seem to have a similar effect. However, carbetocin seems to be the most effective in certain situations. Appropriate diagnosis of EPH is the most important issue. The treatment should be causative. The first-line treatment should include uterotonics. Surgical interventions, if required, should be performed without delay, although preoperative uterine tamponade should be considered due to its high effectiveness. Medical staff training in medical simulation centers is an important factor that improves the outcomes of EPH treatment. It provides adaptation to hospital protocols, team work improvement, self-confidence building, more accurate blood loss evaluation and reduced perception of stress. The implementation of systematic trainings provides better outcomes in the future. Early Postpartum Hemorrhage (EPH) is one of the leading causes of postpartum mortality. It is defined as blood loss of at least 500 mL after vaginal or 1000 mL following cesarean delivery within 24 hours postpartum. The following paper includes literature review aimed to estimate the incidence and predictors of early postpartum hemorrhage (EPH). Available prevention and treatment methods were also assessed. The inclusion criteria for the study were met by 52 studies. The exact frequency of EPH in different populations varies from 1.2% to 12.5%. Maternal, pregnancy-associated, laborcorrelated and sociodemographic risk factors seem to be important predictors of EPH. In these cases appropriate prophylaxis should be considered. However, EPH may occur without previous risk factors. The main reason for EPH is uterine atony which contributes to up to 80% of cases of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Other common reasons for PPH include genital tract injuries, placenta accreta or coagulopathies. Interestingly, the majority of uterotonics seem to have a similar effect. However, carbetocin seems to be the most effective in certain situations. Appropriate diagnosis of EPH is the most important issue. The treatment should be causative. The first-line treatment should include uterotonics. Surgical interventions, if required, should be performed without delay, although preoperative uterine tamponade should be considered due to its high effectiveness. Medical staff training in medical simulation centers is an important factor that improves the outcomes of EPH treatment. It provides adaptation to hospital protocols, team work improvement, self-confidence building, more accurate blood loss evaluation and reduced perception of stress. The implementation of systematic trainings provides better outcomes in the future.

Introduction: The article presents a protocol of a cross-sectional study of mental health of pregnant women in relation to the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. The primary aim is to compare differences in anxiety and depression scores of pregnant women between countries affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The secondary aim is to assess demographic, economic, and social aspects affecting maternal anxiety and depression scores among pregnant women worldwide in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, we will be able to compare differences in perception of the different aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic (social distancing, restrictions related to delivery) between countries and according to the epidemic status (number of infected patients, number of reported deaths). The comparisons will also be done according to the COVID-19 status of the participants. Methods and analysis: It is a web-based anonymous survey of pregnant women living in countries affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey is comprised of 3 sections: Web-based recruitment for health research has proven to be cost-effective and efficient. At current times with the COVID-19 pandemic, limited resources and social distancing restrictions, performing a mental health study involving pregnant women on a large international scale cannot be safely conducted without involving social-media. The fears of pregnant women fall into 3 categories: the medical condition, the economic status and the organization of daily activity. The study has received approval of the medical ethics committee and has been registered on Clinicaltrials.gov. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and made public through all available media.

Uterine fibroids (UFs) are the most important benign neoplastic threat to women’s health worldwide, with a prevalence of up to 80% in premenopausal women, and can cause heavy menstrual bleeding, pain, and infertility. Progesterone signaling plays a crucial role in the development and growth of UFs. Progesterone promotes the proliferation of UF cells by activating several signaling pathways genetically and epigenetically. In this review article, we reviewed the literature covering progesterone signaling in UF pathogenesis and further discussed the therapeutic potential of compounds that modulate progesterone signaling against UFs, including selective progesterone receptor modulator (SPRM) drugs and natural compounds. Further studies are needed to confirm the safety of SPRMs as well as their exact molecular mechanisms. The consumption of natural compounds as a potential anti-UFs treatment seems promising, since these compounds can be used on a long-term basis—especially for women pursuing concurrent pregnancy, unlike SPRMs. However, further clinical trials are needed to confirm their effectiveness.

(1) Background: AI-based solutions could become crucial for the prediction of pregnancy disorders and complications. This study investigated the evidence for applying artificial intelligence methods in obstetric pregnancy risk assessment and adverse pregnancy outcome prediction. (2) Methods: Authors screened the following databases: Pubmed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. This study included all the evaluative studies comparing artificial intelligence methods in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes. The PROSPERO ID number is CRD42020178944, and the study protocol was published before this publication. (3) Results: AI application was found in nine groups: general pregnancy risk assessment, prenatal diagnosis, pregnancy hypertension disorders, fetal growth, stillbirth, gestational diabetes, preterm deliveries, delivery route, and others. According to this systematic review, the best artificial intelligence application for assessing medical conditions is ANN methods. The average accuracy of ANN methods was established to be around 80–90%. (4) Conclusions: The application of AI methods as a digital software can help medical practitioners in their everyday practice during pregnancy risk assessment. Based on published studies, models that used ANN methods could be applied in APO prediction. Nevertheless, further studies could identify new methods with an even better prediction potential.

Uterine fibroids are the most common noncancerous tumors in women of childbearing age. This review was developed to evaluate the current role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists and antagonists in therapy of symptomatic uterine fibroids. There is a great need of alternative methods to surgical treatment of uterine fibroids. The hormonal therapy remains the first line treatment option for most patients. GnRH analogs (agonists and antagonists) modulate the pulsatile release of GnRH. This review summarizes the available literature concerning pharmacologic principles underlying the mechanism of action of GnRH and its analogs, as well as individual therapeutic applications to which these drugs have been applied. In many cases it is possible to try to treat uterine fibroids pharmacologically. Both groups of GnRH analogs are used in therapy, agonists instead as a preparation for surgery, and antagonists as a drug for long-term use. It is essential to develop this path further and look for at least long-term release systems or new methods of administering these drugs. It is also important from the patient's perspective to search for possible drugs that may give an additive effect of decreasing side effects when combined with GnRH analogs.

Ovarian cancer is among the most lethal gynecologic malignancies, often diagnosed at advanced stages due to a lack of effective screening tools. Recent studies suggest that the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), an indicator of systemic inflammation, may serve as a potential biomarker for diagnosing and staging ovarian cancer. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. We searched the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases. We pooled data using a random-effects model to assess the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic performance of PLR in ovarian cancer. The meta-analysis of 22 studies comprising 5740 participants showed significantly elevated platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) values in ovarian cancer patients compared to healthy controls, with a mean difference of 46.84 (p < 0.001). Additionally, PLR demonstrated utility in distinguishing benign from malignant lesions and early-stage from advanced-stage ovarian cancer. While PLR shows potential as a cost-effective and accessible biomarker for ovarian cancer diagnosis and staging, its diagnostic accuracy remains moderate. Therefore, combining PLR with other diagnostic tools enhances clinical decision-making.