Conventional and license-free radio-controlled drone activities are limited to a line-of-sight (LoS) operational range. One of the alternatives to operate the drones beyond the visual line-of-sight (BVLoS) range is replacing the drone wireless communications system from the conventional industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) radio band to a licensed cellular-connected system. The Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology that has been established for the terrestrial area allows command-and-control and payload communications between drone and ground station in real-time. However, with increasing height above the ground, the radio environment changes, and utilizing terrestrial cellular networks for drone communications may face new challenges. In this regard, this paper aims to develop an LTE-based control system prototype for low altitude small drones and investigate the feasibility and performance of drone cellular connectivity at different altitudes with measuring parameters such as latency, handover, and signal strength. The measurement results have shown that by increasing flight height from ground to 170 m the received signal power and the signal quality levels were reduced by 20 dBm and 10 dB respectively, the downlink data rate decreased to 70%, and latency increased up to 94 ms. It is concluded that although the existing LTE network can provide a minimum requirement for drone cellular connectivity, further improvements are still needed to enhance aerial coverage, eliminate interference, and reduce network latency.

Quite often that old documents are suffering from background damage. Examples of background damages are varying contrast, ancient document age and the documents have degraded over time due to storage conditions and the quality of the written parchment. These have damaged background for example such as: have varying contrast, smudges, dirty, presence of seeping ink from the other side of the document, uneven background. In order to make them readable, image processing offers a selection of approaches. The aim of this paper is to provide comprehensive review methods to enhance old document images with damaging background. Three kinds of enhancement methods are: (a) Image enhancement methods using binarization method or thresholding method, (b) Image enhancement methods using binarization method or thresholding method and other methods, (c) Image enhancement methods using other methods only. As conclusion, the second method has becoming more popular and has a great potential to improve in future.

Position and Obstacle Avoidance Algorithm in Robot Soccer

Peikari HR, et al. Healthc Inform Res. 2013 Jun;19(2):93-101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4258/hir.2013.19.2.93

Great strides have been made in IT governance in the past decade. Today's organizations need a flexible, complementary and collaborative IT governance mechanism to prosper in a turbulent environment that would enable organizations to sustain realizing value from IT instead of restraining its contribution by emphasizing control. The review of existing literature to identify and determine best practices that had been studied by previous researchers in order to construct the factors within each category. The aim of this paper is to identify the domain of IT governance and provide insights practice with each domains that were detected thru literature.