Biology is characterized by smooth, elastic, and nonplanar surfaces; as a consequence, soft electronics that enable interfacing with nonplanar surfaces allow applications that could not be achieved with the rigid and integrated circuits that exist today. Here, we review the latest examples of technologies and methods that can replace elasticity through a structural approach; these approaches can modify mechanical properties, thereby improving performance, while maintaining the existing material integrity. Furthermore, an overview of the recent progress in wave/wrinkle, stretchable interconnect, origami/kirigami, crack, nano/micro, and textile structures is provided. Finally, potential applications and expected developments in soft electronics are discussed.

The patterning of electrospun fibers is a key technology applicable to various fields. This study reports a novel focused patterning method for electrospun nanofibers that uses a cylindrical dielectric guide. The finite elements method (FEM) was used to analyze the electric field focusing phenomenon and ground its explanation in established theory. The horizontal and vertical electric field strengths in the simulation are shown to be key factors in determining the spatial distribution of nanofibers. The experimental results demonstrate a relationship between the size of the cylindrical dielectric guide and that of the electrospun area accumulated in the collector. By concentrating the electric field, we were able to fabricate a pattern of less than 6 mm. The demonstration of continuous line and square patterning shows that the electrospun area can be well controlled. This novel patterning method can be used in a variety of applications, such as sensors, biomedical devices, batteries, and composites.

A versatile coatable strain (CS) sensor was developed using a wet process, achieving a high sensitivity (GF ≈ 100). It overcame traditional polymer limitations, enabling real-time growth measurements on complex biological and non-planar surfaces.

Wearable electroencephalography (EEG) devices offer a promising solution for continuous brain monitoring outside laboratory settings. However, maintaining stable signal quality over extended periods remains challenging, as skin‐mounted EEG systems are prone to contact‐induced noise caused by skin deformation and body motion. Here, we present a wrinkle‐adaptive kirigami structure and a soft, wearable EEG patch engineered to match subject‐specific forehead wrinkle patterns, thereby stabilizing the electrode‐skin interface. Our two‐step kirigami architecture integrates global conformability with localized strain accommodation, delivering anisotropic deformability and maintaining mechanical stability during facial motion. Leveraging an automated image‐based workflow, we enable scalable, individualized generation of kirigami patterns. When integrated into a soft, wireless wearable system, the personalized patch delivers consistently enhanced signal‐to‐noise ratios across multiple EEG frequency bands, even under diverse motion conditions in at‐home sleep settings. This technology demonstrates broad applicability for sleep EEG monitoring and underscores the potential of morphology‐aware structural design for next‐generation wearable EEG devices.

Sleep-related breathing disorders are prevalent yet frequently underdiagnosed, in part due to limitations of conventional respiratory monitoring technologies. Standard nasal cannulas introduce airflow resistance, discomfort, and poor long-term adherence, constraining at-home and longitudinal assessment. Here, we report a soft, skin-interfaced nasal patch that enables cannula-free, wireless monitoring of respiratory activity during sleep. The device is constructed from ultrathin, elastomeric materials that conform to the nasal surface, coupling respiratory-induced tissue deformation to a strain-sensing element. The mechanics of the skin–device interface and the elastomeric response govern the sensitivity and linearity of signal transduction, enabling quantitative capture of breathing dynamics. An integrated wireless platform transmits deformation signals directly to mobile devices, eliminating the need for external tubing or tethered modules. Modular fabrication permits replacement of the strain sensor and skin-contact interface without compromising mechanical performance. Mechanical characterization under physiologically relevant deformation demonstrates high repeatability and low hysteresis, while in vivo studies confirm that the patch accurately reproduces respiratory waveforms and correlates closely with gold-standard nasal cannula measurements. By integrating soft materials mechanics, wearable strain sensing, and wireless electronics, this system provides a minimally obtrusive platform for continuous respiratory monitoring. The class of technologies presented in this work establishes design principles for skin-interfaced devices, in which elastomeric mechanics, strain transduction, and wireless integration combine to enable quantitative, unobtrusive physiological monitoring in clinical and home environments.

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting has been studied extensively as an environmentally friendly technology for hydrogen production using solar energy. WO ₃ is considered a promising semiconducting material for photoanodes due to its high electron mobility, good hole diffusion length, and chemical stability. Periodic nanostructures of WO ₃ have been investigated for enhancing the PEC performance of WO ₃ -based photoanodes. In this study, facile fabrication of periodic nanostructures of WO ₃ was achieved using reverse nanoimprint lithography, and the multilayer stacking of nanopatterned WO ₃ film was also confirmed. The multilayer nanopatterned WO ₃ films were used as photoanodes for PEC water splitting. The performance of the fabricated photoanode in PEC was 2 times higher than that of planar WO ₃ film due to its higher light absorbance and lower charge transfer resistance.