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Dr. Fernando Jaramillo
Stockholm University

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0 Hydrology
0 Wetlands
0 InSAR
0 Hydroclimatology
0 Budyko

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Journal article
Published: 14 May 2021 in Advances in Water Resources
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At the local scale, artificial impounded reservoirs in dry regions exert influence on the surrounding local climate. Impounded reservoirs have been found to alter precipitation patterns and increase temperature, specific humidity and surface evaporation. The consequences of impoundment or its related climatic changes on the surrounding vegetation are still not well understood. We here examined the potential effect on surrounding tree growth of the impoundment of the Ertan Reservoir, China, in 1998. We measured Yunnan pine tree rings at three sites on a slope close to the reservoir and two control sites far away from the reservoir. We compared the annual radial growth of tree rings at all sites with air temperature, precipitation and air humidity in the region. We also used cumulative distribution functions to quantify the probability of attributing radial growth changes to background climate variability. We find an enhancement of tree growth from 2000 to 2002, right after the reservoir's impounding in experimental and control sites. Hence, the tree growth can initially be explained by favourable conditions benefiting tree growth. However, we cannot entirely attribute such enhancement to the background climate variability when studying the relationship between tree growth and climatic variables over the 36 years and their probability of occurrence. Tree growth in the three years following impoundment can only be attributed to the simultaneous effect of favourable regional climate conditions and the reservoir's impoundment in itself. These conditions decrease vegetation stress by decreasing air temperature and increasing air relative humidity. Although the findings of this study shed more light on the environmental and climatic changes induced by the impoundment of reservoirs, they also call for the need of monitoring climatic variables in the vicinity of reservoirs.

ACS Style

Lian Sun; Fernando Jaramillo; Yanpeng Cai; Yang Zhou; Shiyuan Shi; Yesi Zhao; Weichen Wang; Yujun Yi; Wei Yang; Zhifeng Yang; Qian Tan; Björn Gunnarson. Exploring the influence of reservoir impoundment on surrounding tree growth. Advances in Water Resources 2021, 153, 103946 .

AMA Style

Lian Sun, Fernando Jaramillo, Yanpeng Cai, Yang Zhou, Shiyuan Shi, Yesi Zhao, Weichen Wang, Yujun Yi, Wei Yang, Zhifeng Yang, Qian Tan, Björn Gunnarson. Exploring the influence of reservoir impoundment on surrounding tree growth. Advances in Water Resources. 2021; 153 ():103946.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lian Sun; Fernando Jaramillo; Yanpeng Cai; Yang Zhou; Shiyuan Shi; Yesi Zhao; Weichen Wang; Yujun Yi; Wei Yang; Zhifeng Yang; Qian Tan; Björn Gunnarson. 2021. "Exploring the influence of reservoir impoundment on surrounding tree growth." Advances in Water Resources 153, no. : 103946.

Journal article
Published: 09 May 2021 in Advances in Water Resources
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Water management by the impoundment of reservoirs has been found to influence evapotranspiration not only locally but also at the basin scale. Highly regulated hydrological basins generally show the effect of a net increase in evapotranspiration accompanying the successive impoundment of reservoirs. However, understanding and isolating the effect from a particular single impounded reservoir remains a challenge due to the lack of long-term observation data required and the existence of many other drivers present at the basin scale. Focusing on the hydrological basin having the largest hydropower potential in China, we isolated in time and space and quantified the effects of a single impounded reservoir on evapotranspiration and the evaporative ratio (i.e., the ratio of actual evapotranspiration to precipitation) before and after the construction of the Ertan Dam in 1998. We find that the dam has increased evapotranspiration in the smallest subbasin by 46±15 mm/yr and the evaporative ratio by 0.05±0.015, from the period before impoundment (1983-1997) to that after impoundment (2000-2012). This increase is found only within the smallest differential subbasin holding the impounded reservoir and cannot be explained by other changes in land use or vegetation. We use this result from our hydrological basin-constrained approach to calculate the water footprint of the hydroelectric project as 16.5 m3/GJ, which accounts for additional hydroclimatic effects of the impoundment of the reservoir beyond the water surface. Hence, this study finds that when runoff data is available, the water consumption and the water footprint of hydropower projects can be calculated by water mass balance at the scale of their hydrological basins.

ACS Style

Lian Sun; Yanpeng Cai; Aifang Chen; David Zamora; Fernando Jaramillo. Water footprint and consumption of hydropower from basin-constrained water mass balance. Advances in Water Resources 2021, 153, 103947 .

AMA Style

Lian Sun, Yanpeng Cai, Aifang Chen, David Zamora, Fernando Jaramillo. Water footprint and consumption of hydropower from basin-constrained water mass balance. Advances in Water Resources. 2021; 153 ():103947.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lian Sun; Yanpeng Cai; Aifang Chen; David Zamora; Fernando Jaramillo. 2021. "Water footprint and consumption of hydropower from basin-constrained water mass balance." Advances in Water Resources 153, no. : 103947.

Comment
Published: 27 April 2021 in npj Urban Sustainability
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Cities are vital for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), but different local strategies to advance on the same SDG may cause different ‘spillovers’ elsewhere. Research efforts that support governance of such spillovers are urgently needed to empower ambitious cities to ‘account globally’ when acting locally on SDG implementation strategies.

ACS Style

Rebecka Ericsdotter Engström; David Collste; Sarah E. Cornell; Francis X. Johnson; Henrik Carlsen; Fernando Jaramillo; Göran Finnveden; Georgia Destouni; Mark Howells; Nina Weitz; Viveka Palm; Francesco Fuso-Nerini. Succeeding at home and abroad: accounting for the international spillovers of cities’ SDG actions. npj Urban Sustainability 2021, 1, 1 -5.

AMA Style

Rebecka Ericsdotter Engström, David Collste, Sarah E. Cornell, Francis X. Johnson, Henrik Carlsen, Fernando Jaramillo, Göran Finnveden, Georgia Destouni, Mark Howells, Nina Weitz, Viveka Palm, Francesco Fuso-Nerini. Succeeding at home and abroad: accounting for the international spillovers of cities’ SDG actions. npj Urban Sustainability. 2021; 1 (1):1-5.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rebecka Ericsdotter Engström; David Collste; Sarah E. Cornell; Francis X. Johnson; Henrik Carlsen; Fernando Jaramillo; Göran Finnveden; Georgia Destouni; Mark Howells; Nina Weitz; Viveka Palm; Francesco Fuso-Nerini. 2021. "Succeeding at home and abroad: accounting for the international spillovers of cities’ SDG actions." npj Urban Sustainability 1, no. 1: 1-5.

Preprint content
Published: 04 March 2021
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Hydrological connectivity is a critical determinant of wetland functions and ecosystems by controlling the movement of biogeochemical elements within wetlands and the flow of water between their hydrological units. Hydrological barriers exist when this connectivity is impaired, either by man-made infrastructure, agriculture developments, or naturally restricted by soil and ground composition. Determining hydrological barriers in wetlands is challenging due to the costs of high-resolution and large-scale monitoring, but radar observations can become a useful tool for such task. We here use an Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) to identify hydrological barriers in several iconic wetlands worldwide, with particular focus on the Baiyangdian wetland system in Northern China. For the first, we use Sentinel 1A and 1B data covering the period 2016-2019, while for the rest we rely on ALOS PALSAR data. We calculated profiles of water level change across hydrological transects showing high coherence and visualized them in maps. For instance, in the case of the Baiyangdian wetland, we find that of the 70 transects studied, 11% of all transects are permanently disconnected by hydrological barriers across all interferograms and 58% of the transects are conditionally disconnected. The occurrence of hydrological barriers varies between wetlands, with permanent barriers more related to ditches, infrastructure and the specific wetland landscape, and conditional barriers more to low water levels during dry seasons. This study highlights the potential of the application of wetland InSAR to determine hydrological barriers for wetland management and restoration.

ACS Style

Fernando Jaramillo; Dan Liu; Saeid Aminjafari; Xuan Wang. Determining hydrological barriers in wetlands with InSAR methods: several iconic cases worldwide. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Fernando Jaramillo, Dan Liu, Saeid Aminjafari, Xuan Wang. Determining hydrological barriers in wetlands with InSAR methods: several iconic cases worldwide. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Jaramillo; Dan Liu; Saeid Aminjafari; Xuan Wang. 2021. "Determining hydrological barriers in wetlands with InSAR methods: several iconic cases worldwide." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 04 March 2021
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Green water - soil moisture, evaporation, and precipitation over land - is fundamental to safeguard Earth system functioning. Nonlinear green-water driven changes in climate, ecosystems, biogeochemistry, and hydrology are becoming increasingly evident and widespread. Yet, considerations of continental to planetary scale green-water dynamics are yet to be assessed and incorporated in management and governance. Here, we propose a green water planetary boundary (PB) - as part of the planetary boundary framework that demarcates a global “safe-operating space” for humanity - for assessing green-water related changes that can affect the capacity of the Earth system to remain in Holocene-like conditions. We consider green-water related processes associated with all scales: spatially distributed units, regions or biomes, and the Earth system as a whole. The proposed green water PB variable is selected through expert elicitation based on a set of transparent evaluation criteria that consider both scientific and governability aspects. Finally, we clarify the appropriate use of a green water PB, outline remaining challenges, and propose a research agenda for future navigation and quantitative assessments of the biophysical Earth system scale boundaries of green water changes.

ACS Style

Lan Wang-Erlandsson; Ruud van der Ent; Arie Staal; Miina Porkka; Arne Tobian; Sofie Te Wierik; Ingo Fetzer; Chandrakant Singh; Fernando Jaramillo; Peter Greve; Dieter Gerten; Patrick Keys; Heindriken Dahlmann; Tom Gleeson; Will Steffen; Sarah Cornell; Johan Rockström. Towards a green water planetary boundary. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Lan Wang-Erlandsson, Ruud van der Ent, Arie Staal, Miina Porkka, Arne Tobian, Sofie Te Wierik, Ingo Fetzer, Chandrakant Singh, Fernando Jaramillo, Peter Greve, Dieter Gerten, Patrick Keys, Heindriken Dahlmann, Tom Gleeson, Will Steffen, Sarah Cornell, Johan Rockström. Towards a green water planetary boundary. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lan Wang-Erlandsson; Ruud van der Ent; Arie Staal; Miina Porkka; Arne Tobian; Sofie Te Wierik; Ingo Fetzer; Chandrakant Singh; Fernando Jaramillo; Peter Greve; Dieter Gerten; Patrick Keys; Heindriken Dahlmann; Tom Gleeson; Will Steffen; Sarah Cornell; Johan Rockström. 2021. "Towards a green water planetary boundary." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 04 March 2021
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Compound anthropogenic pressures are driving critical mangrove degradation worldwide, threatening the wellbeing of coastal human populations historically associated with these systems. The Ramsar and Biosphere Reserve, Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (CGSM) is located in the northern of Colombia and is the largest coastal lagoon-delta in the Caribbean. It is inhabited by stilt communities that have developed intricate livelihood and cultural relationships with the mangroves. The CGSM has experienced sustained social and ecological degradation during the last six decades, triggered by land-use change and disruption of hydrological connections. This study integrates Social-ecological Memory from fishing communities and Paleoenvironmental frameworks to develop a historical perspective of the biophysical and social dimensions of environmental change in the CGSM. Integrating X-ray fluorescence (XRF) geochemical sediment analysis, C14 radiocarbon dating, and demographic inferences from archaeological evidence revealed three distinct periods over the last ~5000 years where sea-level rise and hydroclimatic variability shaped the transition between freshwater to prevailing marine conditions and modulated human occupation patterns in the area. Specifically, the period with the highest hydroclimatic variability and precipitation minima (4000 – 2500 yr BP) is consistent with the lowest human population estimates, whereas sea-level increase (~ 2000 yr BP) corresponds with a sustained increase in estimated population growth. In connection, participatory oral reconstructions conducted in the stilt-house communities of Buenavista and Nueva Venecia, offered nuanced descriptions about the spatial, temporal, and contextual aspects generating and reinforcing hypersalinization of the system, and their profound social-ecological consequences over the past several decades. The interdisciplinary approach of this study indicates that the CGSM is a highly dynamic socio-ecological system that has been changing and reconfiguring across different time scales in response to both natural and human-induced processes. Finally, it reveals the relative effects of biophysical and social drivers on driving social-ecological change on millennial to decadal time scales.

ACS Style

Lina Gutierrez-Cala; Andrés C. Zúñiga; Catalina Gonzalez; Jorge Salgado; Lina M. Saavedra-Díaz; Constanza Ricaurte; Samuel C. Zipper; Fernando Jaramillo. Looking for the present in the past: Paleoenvironmental analyses and Social-ecological memory to explore changes in the mangroves of the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta - Colombia. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Lina Gutierrez-Cala, Andrés C. Zúñiga, Catalina Gonzalez, Jorge Salgado, Lina M. Saavedra-Díaz, Constanza Ricaurte, Samuel C. Zipper, Fernando Jaramillo. Looking for the present in the past: Paleoenvironmental analyses and Social-ecological memory to explore changes in the mangroves of the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta - Colombia. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lina Gutierrez-Cala; Andrés C. Zúñiga; Catalina Gonzalez; Jorge Salgado; Lina M. Saavedra-Díaz; Constanza Ricaurte; Samuel C. Zipper; Fernando Jaramillo. 2021. "Looking for the present in the past: Paleoenvironmental analyses and Social-ecological memory to explore changes in the mangroves of the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta - Colombia." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 04 March 2021
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Spatiotemporal characteristics of physical responses of lakes to external and environmental changes are still largely unknown due to the consistent lack of monitoring of water level and corresponding changes in water storage in lakes. Understanding these changes is a fundamental step in advancing regional management of natural and anthropogenic systems that depend on the water resources of lakes. As an illustrative example, we here report a case study involving lakes of the headwater topical Andes mountain range, which, despite guaranteeing water security to millions of downstream inhabitants, still remain significantly ungauged. We present a novel evaluation of the potential of Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar DInSAR techniques for the spatiotemporal analysis of patterns of water level change in lakes such as the ones comprising these ungauged high-altitude lake systems. Time series of Sentinel-1B data for the years 2017 and 2018 were used to generate continuous interferograms representing water level changes in twenty-four lakes of the Cajas National Park, Ecuador. The relation of these water level changes with climatic and topographical factors were analyzed to validate the methodology, and determine any patterns of change and response to climatic drivers. We found relatively high Pearson correlation coefficients between regional precipitation and water level change as estimated from the interferograms. Furthermore, we found an important negative relationship between water level change, as obtained from the DInSAR phase, and lake surface area. The study revealed a spatial trend of this correlation in terms of the altitude of the lakes at the basin scale; that is, lower correlation values were found in the headers of the basins, whilst higher correlation values were found at lower basin altitudes. The results of the present study demonstrate the potential of DInSAR techniques based on Sentinel-1 data for the monitoring of hydrologic changes in open water surfaces, and the possible validation of the DInSAR results with precipitation when gauged water level data is missing. These results are a basis to propose monitoring strategies in ungauged high-altitude lake systems in regions with similar data gauging constraints. Future work will encompass the integration of ongoing water level gauging for further validation of the herein depicted lake water level estimation approach.

ACS Style

Sebastián Palomino-Ángel; Raúl F. Vázquez; Henrietta Hampel; Jesús A. Anaya-Acevedo; Pablo V. Mosquera; Fernando Jaramillo. Spatiotemporal change of water level in ungauged high-altitude tropical lakes: a DInSAR approach. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Sebastián Palomino-Ángel, Raúl F. Vázquez, Henrietta Hampel, Jesús A. Anaya-Acevedo, Pablo V. Mosquera, Fernando Jaramillo. Spatiotemporal change of water level in ungauged high-altitude tropical lakes: a DInSAR approach. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sebastián Palomino-Ángel; Raúl F. Vázquez; Henrietta Hampel; Jesús A. Anaya-Acevedo; Pablo V. Mosquera; Fernando Jaramillo. 2021. "Spatiotemporal change of water level in ungauged high-altitude tropical lakes: a DInSAR approach." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 04 March 2021
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Eutrophication in the Baltic Sea has been one of the major environmental issues during the last century partly due to extensive land-use change, loss of natural retention systems, and insufficient management. European legislation such as the Water Framework Directive (WFD) attempts to guide the recovery of good ecological status from freshwater to the sea, and suggests wetlands as ecosystems that can potentially contribute to achieving this goal. Wetlands are considered remarkable Nature-based Solutions (NbS) for improving water quality by diminishing the nutrient loads. This study aims to set a background context of the WFD implementation in Sweden, determine the status of constructed wetlands, and evaluate the stakeholders’ perspectives to identify the main administrative hurdles of wetland implementation in Sweden. For this purpose, we conducted a narrative review, database analysis, and semi-structured interviews with members of the institutions involved in water management. Our results show that it is essential to find synergies among the WFD and other directives to expand cross-sectoral cooperation, implement adjustments on the funding scheme that includes restoration and maintenance of natural wetlands, and increase compensation periods and cost ceiling. Likewise, it is crucial to perform significant improvements in the monitoring system, including more frequent data collection, as well as exploring new strategies to capture landowners’ interest in the implementation of NbS, such as the Catchment Officers program. Finally, we suggest paludiculture as a promising farming practice to increase proprietors’ attention on novel market alternatives, and in turn, to provide benefits for climate, water, and biodiversity.

Keywords Wetlands management · Water Framework Directive · Nature-based Solutions · Eutrophication · Semi-structured interviews · Sweden

ACS Style

Julián Andrés García Murcia; Fernando Jaramillo; Sofia Wikström. Hurdles for implementation of constructed wetlands as Nature-based Solutions in Sweden. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Julián Andrés García Murcia, Fernando Jaramillo, Sofia Wikström. Hurdles for implementation of constructed wetlands as Nature-based Solutions in Sweden. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Julián Andrés García Murcia; Fernando Jaramillo; Sofia Wikström. 2021. "Hurdles for implementation of constructed wetlands as Nature-based Solutions in Sweden." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 04 March 2021
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Lake Tarfala is a small (~0.5 km2) glacier-proximal lake in the Kebnekaise Mountains in Northern Sweden, located at an altitude of 1162 meters above sea level, and close to Tarfala Research Station run by Stockholm University. Only very limited direct monitoring of lake ice phenology using ground observations is available so far, and, long polar nights and often persistent cloud cover at such altitude limit the use of optical remote sensing. However, active microwave radar signals illuminate the target and penetrate through the cloud cover allowing to monitor the lake independent of weather or time of day. In this study, we opt for the Level-1 GRD (Ground Range Detected) and SLC (Single Look Complex) products from the twin Sentinel-1 satellites which provide a coverage of Lake Tarfala at a very high spatial and temporal resolution. We aim to make use of a total of 60 scenes (June 2020 - May 2021) to create the backscatter and coherence time series. Further, we aim to associate the variation in intensity seen in the backscatter time series to the backscattering potential of the medium. It has been shown [1] that an increase in intensity is observed when transitioning from ice-free waters to the initial freeze-up (ice-on) stage. Around ice-on, the intensity would, however, be comparatively low as the ice cover would be very thin and not yet fully developed. The availability of in-situ high-resolution time-lapse imagery and air temperature data from a pilot project carried out during the fall of 2020 [2] will be exploited to assist in the detection of the initial ice formation and freeze-up. Over the course of winter, ice will continue to thicken and a subsequent increase in backscatter intensity is expected until it reaches a saturation point where it stabilises, until the onset of melt in the subsequent spring/summer, when finally, the detection of ice-off (water free of ice) can be characterised by low backscatter values. Furthermore, loss of interferometric coherence upon the onset of melt will aid the backscatter time series when it fails to show a clear signal. We expect to track and provide a complete timeline of the different ice-phenology stages, namely the onset of freezing and the date of complete ice-on, the ice-thickening, the onset of surface melt and the date of complete ice-off. We expect that this study will provide a basis for Arctic lake ice monitoring for various applications such as management of winter water resources, understanding the seasonal and inter-annual land-atmosphere greenhouse gases and energy flux exchanges and biological productivity.

References:

1. Morris, K., Jeffries, M.O., Weeks, W.F. Ice processes and growth history on Arctic and sub-Arctic lakes using ERS-1 SAR data. Polar Rec. 1995, 31, 115-128.


2. Weckström, J., Korhola, A. Kirchner, N., Virtanen, T., Schenk, F., Granebeck, A., Prakash, A. “Lake Thermal and Mixing Dynamics under Changing Climate” and “Towards a multi-approach detection and classification of ice phenology at Lake Tarfala”. Pilot projects funded by Arctic Avenue (a spearhead research project between the University of Helsinki and Stockholm University).

ACS Style

Abhay Prakash; Saeed Aminjafari; Nina Kirchner; Tarmo Virtanen; Jan Weckström; Atte Korhola; Fernando Jaramillo. Lake Tarfala, Northern Sweden - Remote Sensing of Ice Phenology Using Sentinel-1 Backscatter and Coherence Time Series. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Abhay Prakash, Saeed Aminjafari, Nina Kirchner, Tarmo Virtanen, Jan Weckström, Atte Korhola, Fernando Jaramillo. Lake Tarfala, Northern Sweden - Remote Sensing of Ice Phenology Using Sentinel-1 Backscatter and Coherence Time Series. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abhay Prakash; Saeed Aminjafari; Nina Kirchner; Tarmo Virtanen; Jan Weckström; Atte Korhola; Fernando Jaramillo. 2021. "Lake Tarfala, Northern Sweden - Remote Sensing of Ice Phenology Using Sentinel-1 Backscatter and Coherence Time Series." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 04 March 2021
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Nature-based Solutions (NbS), inspired or supported by nature, aim to address societal challenges in a fast-changing environment via an integrated and sustainable approach. Effective implementation of such intervention certainly requires compliance with specific societal configurations in different geographies. Here two cases of NbS to hydrological disaster risks are used to demonstrate the relevance of social barriers and opportunities for the full function of NbS.

Firstly, we introduce a novel large-scale NbS designed for reducing water scarcity in the Bolivian city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra. In this case, strategic reforestation was planned to bring rainfall to a downwind city taking advantage of atmospheric moisture pathways. In the process of co-designing reforestation sites, experiences from failed reforestation projects have improved the site selection originally based solely on the scientific evidence of the moisture pathways. Social barriers to implementation include underground economic activities and pressures for local food production. The latter factor also implies a trade-off between the fulfilments of different sustainable development goals.

Secondly, a case of landscape-scale NbS that aims to mitigate flood risk from typhoons in Taiwan will be discussed. It consists of a flood diversion framework that directs excess runoff to local farmlands following Typhoon storms. The concept of payment for ecosystem services has been employed to increase the willingness of farmers and landowners to participate in this framework. Institution of compensation for agricultural loss established from previous meteorological disasters has paved the way for implementation. A combination of subsidies and agricultural loss compensation has offered an opportunity for the new intervention to take place in the rice-cropping landscape, while the effect of this ongoing framework will be further documented.

These two cases show that the inertia from existing policy/institutional schemes and the lessons from past unsuccessful experiences provide an opportunity to identify and overcome social barriers to the implementation of innovative NbS.

ACS Style

Wei Weng; Luís Costa; Matthias Lüdeke; Delphine Zemp; Sue-Ching Jou; Fernando Jaramillo; Mei-Yi Liu. Human in nature: two cases on social factors nested in the implementation of Nature-based Solutions. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Wei Weng, Luís Costa, Matthias Lüdeke, Delphine Zemp, Sue-Ching Jou, Fernando Jaramillo, Mei-Yi Liu. Human in nature: two cases on social factors nested in the implementation of Nature-based Solutions. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei Weng; Luís Costa; Matthias Lüdeke; Delphine Zemp; Sue-Ching Jou; Fernando Jaramillo; Mei-Yi Liu. 2021. "Human in nature: two cases on social factors nested in the implementation of Nature-based Solutions." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 03 March 2021
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In the recent years, southern Sweden has experienced drought conditions during the summer with potential risks of groundwater shortages. One of the main physical effects of groundwater depletion is land subsidence, a geohazard that potentially damages urban infrastructure, natural resources and can generate casualties. We here investigate land subsidence induced by groundwater depletion and/or seasonal variations in Gotland, an agricultural island in the Baltic Sea experiencing recent hydrological droughts in the summer. Taking advantage of the multiple monitoring groundwater wells active on the island, we explore the existence of a relationship between groundwater fluctuations and ground deformation, as obtained from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR). The aim in the long-term is to develop a high-accuracy map of land subsidence with an appropriate temporal and spatial resolution to understand groundwater changes in the area are recognize hydroclimatic and anthropogenic drivers of change.

We processed Sentinel-1 (S1) data, covering the time span of 2016-2019, by using the Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) to process 119 S1-A/B data (descending mode). The groundwater level of Nineteen wells distributed over the Gotland island were used to assess the relationship between groundwater depletion and the detected InSAR displacement. In addition to that, the roles of other geological key factors such as soil depth, ground capacity in bed rock, karstification, structure of bedrock and soil type in occurring land subsidence also investigated. The findings showed that the groundwater level in thirteen wells with soil depths of less than 5 meters correlated well with InSAR displacements. The closeness of bedrock to ground surface (small soil depth) was responsible for high coherence values near the wells, and enabled the detection land subsidence. The results demonstrated that InSAR could use as an effective monitoring system for groundwater management and can assist in predicting or estimating low groundwater levels during summer conditions.

ACS Style

Mehdi Darvishi; Fernando Jaramillo. Detecting land deformation due to groundwater changes with InSAR observations - the case of the island of Gotland, Sweden. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Mehdi Darvishi, Fernando Jaramillo. Detecting land deformation due to groundwater changes with InSAR observations - the case of the island of Gotland, Sweden. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mehdi Darvishi; Fernando Jaramillo. 2021. "Detecting land deformation due to groundwater changes with InSAR observations - the case of the island of Gotland, Sweden." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 03 March 2021
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Sweden has approximately 100,000 lakes covering roughly nine percent of the country’s surface area. These lakes are one of the important sources of fresh water for urban, industrial, and agricultural use, further providing a wide range of ecosystem services. In order to conserve and protect the lakes from the impacts of climate change, hydrologic monitoring should ideally be conducted in all of these lakes. However, it is almost impossible to gauge all of these lakes on a regular basis, due to economical and logistic constraints. Radar altimetry has been successfully used to obtain water levels from specific lakes; however, the technology can only be used in large lakes that are located precisely under the orbit of the satellite, thus excluding most Swedish lakes. We here develop a new procedure based on the application of differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) on sequential image pairs with short temporal baseline to measure the water level of 36 lakes. We processed Sentinel-1 twin satellite data with 6-day revisiting intervals, pair by pair, from March 2019 to November 2019. In total, we constructed 41 interferograms considering only the pixels with coherence values greater than 0.2 in all interferograms to ensure consistent scattering and good coherence in all images. We found that the pixels located near tree trunks in flat areas or near steep cliffs in mountainous areas showed a steady phase change in all interferograms that could be converted to water level change. In some of these lakes, the water level changes derived from this methodology correlated well with the in-situ water level of the gauge stations provided by the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. We believe that this methodology has good potential for monitoring water level data in small lakes that cannot be monitored by radar altimetry, and serves as evidence of the unknown potential of DInSAR to track hydrological changes in open water surfaces.

ACS Style

Saeid Aminjafari; Fernando Jaramillo. Water level changes in Swedish lake systems using pixel-specific Sentinel-1 phase change. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Saeid Aminjafari, Fernando Jaramillo. Water level changes in Swedish lake systems using pixel-specific Sentinel-1 phase change. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saeid Aminjafari; Fernando Jaramillo. 2021. "Water level changes in Swedish lake systems using pixel-specific Sentinel-1 phase change." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 25 January 2021 in Remote Sensing
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Changes in subsurface water resources might alter the surrounding ground by generating subsidence or uplift, depending on geological and hydrogeological site characteristics. Improved understanding of the relationships between surface water storage and ground deformation is important for design and maintenance of hydraulic facilities and ground stability. Here, we construct one of the longest series of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) to date, over twenty-five years, to study the relationships between water level changes and ground surface deformation in the surroundings of Lake Mead, United States, and at the site of the Hoover Dam. We use the Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) and Permanent scatterer interferometry (PSI) techniques over 177 SAR data, encompassing different SAR sensors including ERS1/2, Envisat, ALOS (PALSAR), and Sentinel-1(S1). We perform a cross-sensor examination of the relationship between water level changes and ground displacement. We found a negative relationship between water level change and ground deformation around the reservoir that was consistent across all sensors. The negative relationship was evident from the long-term changes in water level and deformation occurring from 1995 to 2014, and also from the intra-annual oscillations of the later period, 2014 to 2019, both around the reservoir and at the dam. These results suggest an elastic response of the ground surface to changes in water storage in the reservoir, both at the dam site and around the reservoir. Our study illustrates how InSAR-derived ground deformations can be consistent in time across sensors, showing the potential of detecting longer time-series of ground deformation.

ACS Style

Mehdi Darvishi; Georgia Destouni; Saeid Aminjafari; Fernando Jaramillo. Multi-Sensor InSAR Assessment of Ground Deformations around Lake Mead and Its Relation to Water Level Changes. Remote Sensing 2021, 13, 406 .

AMA Style

Mehdi Darvishi, Georgia Destouni, Saeid Aminjafari, Fernando Jaramillo. Multi-Sensor InSAR Assessment of Ground Deformations around Lake Mead and Its Relation to Water Level Changes. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13 (3):406.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mehdi Darvishi; Georgia Destouni; Saeid Aminjafari; Fernando Jaramillo. 2021. "Multi-Sensor InSAR Assessment of Ground Deformations around Lake Mead and Its Relation to Water Level Changes." Remote Sensing 13, no. 3: 406.

Research article
Published: 22 January 2021 in Hydrological Sciences Journal
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A new probabilistic conceptual model, named Assessment Model of Human Impact on Runoff Based on Stationarity Hypothesis (AMHIRBSH), was developed to attribute runoff variations to human activities through evaluating the changes in the runoff–runoff relationship (i.e. that between runoff in different sub-watersheds). The AMHIRBSH was then applied to the Baiyangdian drainage basin, North China. After applying the Mann-Kendall test for trend and the Pettitt test for breakpoint, the runoff over the Baiyangdian drainage basin was shown to have had a breakpoint in approximately 1979 which split the time series into a baseline period (pre-1979) and an altered period (post-1979). The runoff had undergone a great reduction between the baseline period and the altered period. The runoff–runoff relationship of the Wangkuai and Xidayang sub-watersheds was evaluated using a copula function according to which it was shown to have a non-stationarity degree of 35.64%, likely induced by massive afforestation programmes. This method provided an innovative perspective for attributing runoff variations to human activities.

ACS Style

Dan Liu; Xuan Wang; Fernando Jaramillo; Yujun Yi; Chunhui Li; Zhifeng Yang. A probabilistic conceptual model to attribute runoff variations to human activity. Hydrological Sciences Journal 2021, 66, 309 -321.

AMA Style

Dan Liu, Xuan Wang, Fernando Jaramillo, Yujun Yi, Chunhui Li, Zhifeng Yang. A probabilistic conceptual model to attribute runoff variations to human activity. Hydrological Sciences Journal. 2021; 66 (2):309-321.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dan Liu; Xuan Wang; Fernando Jaramillo; Yujun Yi; Chunhui Li; Zhifeng Yang. 2021. "A probabilistic conceptual model to attribute runoff variations to human activity." Hydrological Sciences Journal 66, no. 2: 309-321.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2021 in Ecology and Society
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ACS Style

Luigi Piemontese; Rick Nelson Kamugisha; Joy Margaret Biteete Tukahirwa; Anna Tengberg; Simona Pedde; Fernando Jaramillo. Barriers to scaling sustainable land and water management in Uganda: a cross-scale archetype approach. Ecology and Society 2021, 26, 1 .

AMA Style

Luigi Piemontese, Rick Nelson Kamugisha, Joy Margaret Biteete Tukahirwa, Anna Tengberg, Simona Pedde, Fernando Jaramillo. Barriers to scaling sustainable land and water management in Uganda: a cross-scale archetype approach. Ecology and Society. 2021; 26 (3):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luigi Piemontese; Rick Nelson Kamugisha; Joy Margaret Biteete Tukahirwa; Anna Tengberg; Simona Pedde; Fernando Jaramillo. 2021. "Barriers to scaling sustainable land and water management in Uganda: a cross-scale archetype approach." Ecology and Society 26, no. 3: 1.

Article
Published: 18 October 2020
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Surface water occurrence in river deltas is governed by precipitation, evaporation, and the influx and outflux of water to and from the delta. Although studies of changes in water occurrence have been conducted at large scales, precise detection of changes in water occurrence is missing for most important river deltas. We take the case of the endorheic Selenga River Delta in Russia and train an accurate classification and quantification of water occurrence in its domain. We utilize remotely sensed observations of the Landsat satellite imagery during the last 33 years and implement supervised classification to map the surface water extent and its changes between periods of 1987-2002 and 2003-2019. We find that water occurrence has decreased in the Delta, with seasonally inundated areas presenting more pronounced decreases in water occurrence than permanent water bodies. We show that the change in the surface runoff is the main driver of changes in the spatial patterns of surface water with R2 = 0.58, while changes in water level in the recipient Lake Baikal do not influence water occurrence in the Delta. Our results show that the shrinkage and expansion of the water surface reflect the change in the freshwater supply of the Delta, and the management of the Selenga River needs to consider the impact of changes on the water occurrence.

ACS Style

Saeid Aminjafari; Ian Brown; Sergey Chalov; Marc Simard; Jerker Jarsjö; Mehdi Darvishi; Fernando Jaramillo. Temporal and Spatial Changes of Water Occurrence in the Selenga River Delta. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Saeid Aminjafari, Ian Brown, Sergey Chalov, Marc Simard, Jerker Jarsjö, Mehdi Darvishi, Fernando Jaramillo. Temporal and Spatial Changes of Water Occurrence in the Selenga River Delta. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saeid Aminjafari; Ian Brown; Sergey Chalov; Marc Simard; Jerker Jarsjö; Mehdi Darvishi; Fernando Jaramillo. 2020. "Temporal and Spatial Changes of Water Occurrence in the Selenga River Delta." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 12 October 2020 in Sustainability
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Paramo ecosystems are tropical alpine grasslands, located above 3000 m.a.s.l. in the Andean mountain range. Their unique vegetation and soil characteristics, in combination with low temperature and abundant precipitation, create the most advantageous conditions for regulating and storing surface and groundwater. However, increasing temperatures and changing patterns of precipitation due to greenhouse-gas-emission climate change are threatening these fragile environments. In this study, we used regional observations and downscaled data for precipitation and minimum and maximum temperature during the reference period 1960–1990 and simulations for the future period 2041–2060 to study the present and future extents of paramo ecosystems in the Chingaza National Park (CNP), nearby Colombia’s capital city, Bogotá. The historical data were used for establishing upper and lower precipitation and temperature boundaries to determine the locations where paramo ecosystems currently thrive. Our results found that increasing mean monthly temperatures and changing precipitation will render 39 to 52% of the current paramo extent in CNP unsuitable for these ecosystems during the dry season, and 13 to 34% during the wet season. The greatest loss of paramo area will occur during the dry season and for the representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenario 8.5, when both temperature and precipitation boundaries are more prone to be exceeded. Although our initial estimates show the future impact on paramos and the water security of Bogotá due to climate change, complex internal and external interactions in paramo ecosystems make it essential to study other influencing climatic parameters (e.g., soil, topography, wind, etc.) apart from temperature and precipitation.

ACS Style

Matilda Cresso; Nicola Clerici; Adriana Sanchez; Fernando Jaramillo. Future Climate Change Renders Unsuitable Conditions for Paramo Ecosystems in Colombia. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8373 .

AMA Style

Matilda Cresso, Nicola Clerici, Adriana Sanchez, Fernando Jaramillo. Future Climate Change Renders Unsuitable Conditions for Paramo Ecosystems in Colombia. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (20):8373.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matilda Cresso; Nicola Clerici; Adriana Sanchez; Fernando Jaramillo. 2020. "Future Climate Change Renders Unsuitable Conditions for Paramo Ecosystems in Colombia." Sustainability 12, no. 20: 8373.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2020 in Forests
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The relationship between climate and forest is critical to understanding the influence of future climate change on terrestrial ecosystems. Research on trees at high elevations has uncovered the relationship in the Hengduan Mountains region, a critical biodiversity hotspot area in southwestern China. The relationship for the area at low elevations below 2800 m a.s.l. in the region remains unclear. In this study, we developed tree ring width chronologies of Pinus yunnanensis Franch. at five sites with elevations of 1170–1725 m in this area. Monthly precipitation, relative humidity, maximum/mean/minimum air temperature and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), a drought indicator with a multi-timescale, were used to investigate the radial growth—climate relationship. Results show that the growth of P. yunnanensis at different sites has a similar response pattern to climate variation. Relative humidity, precipitation, and air temperature in the dry season, especially in its last month (May), are critical to the radial growth of trees. Supplemental precipitation amounts and reduced mean or maximum air temperature can promote tree growth. The high correlations between chronologies and SPEI indicate that the radial growth of trees at the low elevations of the region is significantly limited by the moisture availability. Precipitation in the last month of the previous wet season determines the drought regime in the following dry seasons. In spite of some differences in the magnitudes of correlations in the low-elevation area of the Hengduan Mountains region, chronologies generally matched well with each other at different elevations, and the differences are not evident with the change in elevation.

ACS Style

Lian Sun; Yanpeng Cai; Yang Zhou; Shiyuan Shi; Yesi Zhao; Björn E. Gunnarson; Fernando Jaramillo. Radial Growth Responses to Climate of Pinus yunnanensis at Low Elevations of the Hengduan Mountains, China. Forests 2020, 11, 1066 .

AMA Style

Lian Sun, Yanpeng Cai, Yang Zhou, Shiyuan Shi, Yesi Zhao, Björn E. Gunnarson, Fernando Jaramillo. Radial Growth Responses to Climate of Pinus yunnanensis at Low Elevations of the Hengduan Mountains, China. Forests. 2020; 11 (10):1066.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lian Sun; Yanpeng Cai; Yang Zhou; Shiyuan Shi; Yesi Zhao; Björn E. Gunnarson; Fernando Jaramillo. 2020. "Radial Growth Responses to Climate of Pinus yunnanensis at Low Elevations of the Hengduan Mountains, China." Forests 11, no. 10: 1066.

Special issue paper
Published: 01 September 2020 in Hydrological Processes
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Hydrological connectivity is a critical determinant of wetland functions and health, especially in wetlands that have been heavily fragmented and regulated by human activities. However, investigating hydrological connectivity in these wetlands is challenging due to the costs of high‐resolution and large‐scale monitoring required in order to identify hydrological barriers within the wetlands. To overcome this challenge, we here propose an Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR)‐based methodology to map hydrologic connectivity and identify hydrological barriers in fragmented wetlands. This methodology was applied along seventy transects across the Baiyangdian, the largest freshwater wetland in northern China, using Sentinel 1A and 1B data covering the period 2016–2019. We generated fifty‐eight interferograms providing information on relative water level changes across the transects that showed the high coherence needed for the assessment of hydrological connectivity. We mapped the permanent and conditional (temporary) barriers affecting connectivity. In total, 11% of all transects are permanently disconnected by hydrological barriers across all interferograms and 58% of the transects are conditionally disconnected. Areas covered by reed grasslands show the most undisturbed hydrological connectivity while some of these barriers are the result of ditches and channels within the wetland and low water levels during different periods of the year. This study highlights the potential of the application of Wetland InSAR to determine hydrological connectivity and location of hydrological barriers in highly fragmented wetlands, and facilitates the study of hydrological processes from large spatial scales and long‐time scales using remote sensing technique. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ACS Style

Dan Liu; Xuan Wang; Saeid Aminjafari; Wei Yang; Baoshan Cui; Shengjun Yan; Yunlong Zhang; Jie Zhu; Fernando Jaramillo. Using InSAR to identify hydrological connectivity and barriers in a highly fragmented wetland. Hydrological Processes 2020, 34, 4417 -4430.

AMA Style

Dan Liu, Xuan Wang, Saeid Aminjafari, Wei Yang, Baoshan Cui, Shengjun Yan, Yunlong Zhang, Jie Zhu, Fernando Jaramillo. Using InSAR to identify hydrological connectivity and barriers in a highly fragmented wetland. Hydrological Processes. 2020; 34 (23):4417-4430.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dan Liu; Xuan Wang; Saeid Aminjafari; Wei Yang; Baoshan Cui; Shengjun Yan; Yunlong Zhang; Jie Zhu; Fernando Jaramillo. 2020. "Using InSAR to identify hydrological connectivity and barriers in a highly fragmented wetland." Hydrological Processes 34, no. 23: 4417-4430.

Journal article
Published: 21 August 2020 in Sustainability
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The consequent change in land cover from vegetation to water surface after inundation is the most obvious impact attributed to the impoundment of reservoirs and dam construction. However, river regulation also alters the magnitude and variability of water and energy fluxes and local climatic parameters. Studies in Mediterranean, temperate and boreal hydrological basins, and even a global-scale study, have found a simultaneous decrease in the variation of runoff and increase in the mean evaporative ratio after impoundment. The aim here is to study the existence of these effects on a regulated tropical basin in Colombia with long-term data, as such studies in tropical regions are scarce. As expected, we observed a decrease in the long-term coefficient of variation of runoff of 33% that can be attributed to the impoundment of the reservoir. However, we did not find important changes in precipitation or the expected increasing evaporative ratio-effect from the impoundment of the reservoir, founding for the latter rather a decrease. This may be due to the humid conditions of the region where actual evapotranspiration is already close to its potential or to other land cover changes that decrease evapotranspiration during the studied period. Our study shows that the effects from impounded reservoirs in tropical regulated basins may differ from those found in other climatic regions.

ACS Style

David Zamora; Erasmo Rodríguez; Fernando Jaramillo. Hydroclimatic Effects of a Hydropower Reservoir in a Tropical Hydrological Basin. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6795 .

AMA Style

David Zamora, Erasmo Rodríguez, Fernando Jaramillo. Hydroclimatic Effects of a Hydropower Reservoir in a Tropical Hydrological Basin. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (17):6795.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Zamora; Erasmo Rodríguez; Fernando Jaramillo. 2020. "Hydroclimatic Effects of a Hydropower Reservoir in a Tropical Hydrological Basin." Sustainability 12, no. 17: 6795.