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The vegetation coverage on the Loess Plateau (LP) of China has clearly increased since the implementation of the Grain for Green Project in 1999, but there is a debate about whether the improved greenness was achieved at the expense of the balance between the supply and demand of water resources. Therefore, developing reliable indicators to evaluate the water availability is a prerequisite for maintaining ecological sustainability and ensuring the persistence of vegetation restoration. This study was designed to evaluate water availability on the LP during 2000–2015, using the evaporative stress index (ESI) derived from a remote sensing dataset. The relative dependences of the ESI on climatic and biological factors (including temperature, precipitation and land cover change) were also analyzed. The results showed that the leaf area index (LAI) in most regions of the LP showed a significant increasing trend (p< 0.05), and larger gradients of increase were mainly detected in the central and eastern parts of the LP. The evapotranspiration also exhibited an increasing trend in the central and eastern parts of the LP, with a gradient greater than 10 mm/year. However, almost the whole LP exhibited a decreased ESI from 2000 to 2015, and the largest decrease occurred on the central and eastern LP, indicating a wetting trend. The soil moisture storage in the 0–289-cm soil profiles showed an increasing trend in the central and eastern LP, and the area with an upward trend enlarged with the soil depth. Further analysis revealed that the decreased ESI on the central and eastern LP mainly depended on the increase in the LAI compared with climatic influences. This work not only demonstrated that the ESI was a useful indicator for understanding the water availability in natural and managed ecosystems under climate change but also indicated that vegetation restoration might have a positive effect on water conservation on the central LP.
Linjing Qiu; Yuting Chen; Yiping Wu; Qingyue Xue; Zhaoyang Shi; Xiaohui Lei; Weihong Liao; Fubo Zhao; Wenke Wang. The Water Availability on the Chinese Loess Plateau since the Implementation of the Grain for Green Project as Indicated by the Evaporative Stress Index. Remote Sensing 2021, 13, 3302 .
AMA StyleLinjing Qiu, Yuting Chen, Yiping Wu, Qingyue Xue, Zhaoyang Shi, Xiaohui Lei, Weihong Liao, Fubo Zhao, Wenke Wang. The Water Availability on the Chinese Loess Plateau since the Implementation of the Grain for Green Project as Indicated by the Evaporative Stress Index. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13 (16):3302.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLinjing Qiu; Yuting Chen; Yiping Wu; Qingyue Xue; Zhaoyang Shi; Xiaohui Lei; Weihong Liao; Fubo Zhao; Wenke Wang. 2021. "The Water Availability on the Chinese Loess Plateau since the Implementation of the Grain for Green Project as Indicated by the Evaporative Stress Index." Remote Sensing 13, no. 16: 3302.
Quantitatively identifying the influences of vegetation restoration (VR) on water resources is crucial to ecological planning. Although vegetation coverage has improved on the Loess Plateau (LP) of China since the implementation of VR policy, the way vegetation dynamics influences regional evapotranspiration (ET) remains controversial. In this study, we first investigate long-term spatiotemporal trends of total ET (TET) components, including ground evaporation (GE) and canopy ET (CET, sum of canopy interception and canopy transpiration) based on the GLEAM-ET dataset. The ET changes are attributed to VR on the LP from 2000 to 2015 and these results are quantitatively evaluated here using the Community Land Model (CLM). Finally, the relative contributions of VR and climate change to ET are identified by combining climate scenarios and VR scenarios. The results show that the positive effect of VR on CET is offset by the negative effect of VR on GE, which results in a weak variation in TET at an annual scale and an increased TET is only shown in summer. Regardless of the representative concentration pathway (RCP4.5 or RCP8.5), differences resulted from the responses of TET to different vegetation conditions ranging from −3.7 to −1.2 mm, while climate change from RCP4.5 to RCP8.5 caused an increase in TET ranging from 0.1 to 65.3 mm. These findings imply that climate change might play a dominant role in ET variability on the LP, and this work emphasizes the importance of comprehensively considering the interactions among climate factors to assess the relative contributions of VR and climate change to ET.
Linjing Qiu; Yiping Wu; Zhaoyang Shi; Yuting Chen; Fubo Zhao. Quantifying the Responses of Evapotranspiration and Its Components to Vegetation Restoration and Climate Change on the Loess Plateau of China. Remote Sensing 2021, 13, 2358 .
AMA StyleLinjing Qiu, Yiping Wu, Zhaoyang Shi, Yuting Chen, Fubo Zhao. Quantifying the Responses of Evapotranspiration and Its Components to Vegetation Restoration and Climate Change on the Loess Plateau of China. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13 (12):2358.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLinjing Qiu; Yiping Wu; Zhaoyang Shi; Yuting Chen; Fubo Zhao. 2021. "Quantifying the Responses of Evapotranspiration and Its Components to Vegetation Restoration and Climate Change on the Loess Plateau of China." Remote Sensing 13, no. 12: 2358.
Quantifying the impacts of vegetation restoration (VR) on energy exchange is essential for exploring climate-vegetation interactions. Due to the complexity of land–atmosphere energy exchange and limited observation networks, the influence of VR on the energy balance remains unclear. To improve the understanding of the energy budget change associated with VR in the Loess Plateau (LP), we performed a series of sensitivity simulation experiments using the Community Land Model within the Community Earth System Model, and the spatiotemporal responses of energy exchange to VR and the roles of VR in the variations in energy budget under climate change were investigated. The results showed that the land cover changes from 2000 to 2015 exerted a positive effect on net radiation (NR) and sensible heat (SH), and evident increases in annual mean NR and SH were found in the southeastern LP where larger-scale cropland was converted to grassland or forestland, with increasing magnitudes exceeding 2 W/m2. Latent heat (LH) increased only during May–July, particularly on the southern edge of LP. The increasing magnitudes of NR and LH under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP)8.5 were larger than those under RCP4.5, with the greatest differences being approximately 4 W/m2 and 5 W/m2 during 2081–2100 for NR and LH, respectively. SH remained nearly stable under RCP4.5 and showed a weak decrease under RCP8.5. Under the same RCP, only slight differences in the energy budget components were detected between the land cover condition in 2015 and 2000, with the largest difference of 0.8 W/m2 in SH during 2021–2040. These results suggested that although both VR and climate warming exerted positive effects on NR, the impact of climate change was larger than that of VR in the LP, and a shift in the local surface energy budget toward LH would occur with climate warming.
Linjing Qiu; Yiping Wu; Mengzhen Yu; Zhaoyang Shi; Xiaowei Yin; Yanni Song; Ke Sun. Contributions of vegetation restoration and climate change to spatiotemporal variation in the energy budget in the loess plateau of china. Ecological Indicators 2021, 127, 107780 .
AMA StyleLinjing Qiu, Yiping Wu, Mengzhen Yu, Zhaoyang Shi, Xiaowei Yin, Yanni Song, Ke Sun. Contributions of vegetation restoration and climate change to spatiotemporal variation in the energy budget in the loess plateau of china. Ecological Indicators. 2021; 127 ():107780.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLinjing Qiu; Yiping Wu; Mengzhen Yu; Zhaoyang Shi; Xiaowei Yin; Yanni Song; Ke Sun. 2021. "Contributions of vegetation restoration and climate change to spatiotemporal variation in the energy budget in the loess plateau of china." Ecological Indicators 127, no. : 107780.
Climate change profoundly affects the interannual variability (IAV) of net primary production (NPP) of terrestrial ecosystem from multiple aspects. However, the IAV of the nationwide annual NPP in China and the impacts of distinct climatic drivers are not well addressed. In this study, we investigated regional contributions to the IAV of the nationwide NPP and quantified the contributions of nine climatic drivers in different regions using the NPP estimated by the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford (CASA) model from 1982 to 2018. Our results showed that the simulated NPP exhibited an increasing trend of 15.2 Tg C yr-1 at the national scale. The nationwide NPP also showed large IAV ranging from -0.29 to 0.22 Pg C with the mean absolute NPP IAV showing a descending gradient from southeastern to northwestern China. Our estimates and thirteen terrestrial biosphere models verified that humid region accounted for the largest contribution (62%) to this large IAV. Attribution analyses indicated that normal and high precipitation amount (nP, HP), as well as high temperature days (HT) and daily temperature range (DTR) exerted the largest contributions to the national NPP IAV. Regional analyses indicated that DTR and HP were the major climatic drivers to NPP IAV in humid region, whereas NPP IAV in water-limited regions (i.e., semi-humid, semi-arid, and arid regions) were tightly associated with nP, HP, and HT. DTR and nP exerted the largest contributions to NPP IAV in the Tibetan Plateau. However, more attention should be paid to the negative impacts of low temperature events and potential drought on NPP IAV in humid region and that of HT in water-limited regions. This study emphasized the dominant role of humid region in controlling the national NPP IAV and the different ecosystem responses to diverse climatic drivers, and therefore can be valuable for adaptive management of ecosystems when facing climate change.
Huiwen Li; Yiping Wu; Shuguang Liu; Jingfeng Xiao. Regional contributions to interannual variability of net primary production and climatic attributions. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 2021, 303, 108384 .
AMA StyleHuiwen Li, Yiping Wu, Shuguang Liu, Jingfeng Xiao. Regional contributions to interannual variability of net primary production and climatic attributions. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 2021; 303 ():108384.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuiwen Li; Yiping Wu; Shuguang Liu; Jingfeng Xiao. 2021. "Regional contributions to interannual variability of net primary production and climatic attributions." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 303, no. : 108384.
The “Grain-for-Green” project on the Loess Plateau is the largest revegetation program in the world. However, revegetation-induced land use changes can influence both water and carbon cycles, and the diverse consequences were not well understood. Therefore, the reasonability and sustainability of revegetation measures are in question. This study quantifies the impacts of revegetation-induced land use conversions on the water and carbon cycles in a typical watershed on the Loess Plateau and identifies suitable areas where revegetation of forest or grassland could benefit both soil and water conservation and carbon sequestration. We used a coupled hydro-biogeochemical model to simulate the changes of a few key components in terms of water and carbon by designing a variety of hypothetical land use conversion scenarios derived from revegetation policy. Compared to the baseline condition (land use in 2000), both sediment yield and water yield decreased substantially when replacing steep cropland with forest or grassland. Converting cropland with slopes >25°, 15°, and 6° to forest (CTF) would enhance the carbon sequestration with a negligible negative effect on soil water content, while replacing cropland with grassland (CTG) would result in a decline in net primary production but with a substantial increase in soil water content (3.8%–14.9%). Compared to the baseline, the soil organic carbon would increase by 0.9%–3.2% in CTF and keep relatively stable in CTG. Through testing a variety of hypothetical revegetation scenarios, we identified potential priority areas for CTF and CTG, where revegetation may be appropriate and potentially beneficial to conserving soil and water and enhancing carbon sequestration. Our study highlights the challenges in future water and carbon coupling management under revegetation policy, and our quantitative results and identification of potential areas for revegetation could provide information to policy makers for seeking optimal management on the Loess Plateau.
Fubo Zhao; Yiping Wu; Xiaowei Yin; Georgii Alexandrov; Linjing Qiu. Toward sustainable revegetation in the Loess Plateau using coupled water and carbon management. Engineering 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleFubo Zhao, Yiping Wu, Xiaowei Yin, Georgii Alexandrov, Linjing Qiu. Toward sustainable revegetation in the Loess Plateau using coupled water and carbon management. Engineering. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFubo Zhao; Yiping Wu; Xiaowei Yin; Georgii Alexandrov; Linjing Qiu. 2021. "Toward sustainable revegetation in the Loess Plateau using coupled water and carbon management." Engineering , no. : 1.
Hydrological modeling has experienced rapid development and played a significant role in water resource management in recent decades. However, modeling uncertainties, which are propagated throughout model runs, may affect the credibility of simulation results and mislead management decisions. Therefore, analyzing and reducing uncertainty is of significant importance in providing greater confidence in hydrological simulations. To reduce and quantify parameter uncertainty, in this study, we attempted to introduce additional remotely sensed data (such as evapotranspiration (ET)) into a common parameter estimation procedure that uses observed streamflow only. We undertook a case study of an application of the Soil Water Assessment Tool in the Guijiang River Basin (GRB) in China. We also compared the effects of different combinations of parameter estimation algorithms (e.g., Sequential Uncertainty Fitting version 2, particle swarm optimization) on reduction in parameter uncertainty and improvement in modeling precision improvement. The results indicated that combining Sequential Uncertainty Fitting version 2 (SUFI-2) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) can substantially reduce the modeling uncertainty (reduction in the R-factor from 0.9 to 0.1) in terms of the convergence of parameter ranges and the aggregation of parameters, in addition to iterative optimization. Furthermore, the combined approaches ensured the rationality of the parameters’ physical meanings and reduced the complexity of the model calibration procedure. We also found the simulation accuracy of ET improved substantially after adding remotely sensed ET data. The parameter ranges and optimal parameter sets obtained by multi-objective calibration (using streamflow plus ET) were more reasonable and the Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient (NSE) improved more rapidly using multiple objectives, indicating a more efficient parameter optimization procedure. Overall, the selected combined approach with multiple objectives can help reduce modeling uncertainty and attain a reliable hydrological simulation. The presented procedure can be applied to any hydrological model.
Jinyu Hui; Yiping Wu; Fubo Zhao; Xiaohui Lei; Pengcheng Sun; Shailesh Singh; Weihong Liao; Linjing Qiu; Jiguang Li. Parameter Optimization for Uncertainty Reduction and Simulation Improvement of Hydrological Modeling. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 4069 .
AMA StyleJinyu Hui, Yiping Wu, Fubo Zhao, Xiaohui Lei, Pengcheng Sun, Shailesh Singh, Weihong Liao, Linjing Qiu, Jiguang Li. Parameter Optimization for Uncertainty Reduction and Simulation Improvement of Hydrological Modeling. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (24):4069.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinyu Hui; Yiping Wu; Fubo Zhao; Xiaohui Lei; Pengcheng Sun; Shailesh Singh; Weihong Liao; Linjing Qiu; Jiguang Li. 2020. "Parameter Optimization for Uncertainty Reduction and Simulation Improvement of Hydrological Modeling." Remote Sensing 12, no. 24: 4069.
Land use change is one of the dominant driving factors of hydrological change at the watershed scale. Thus, understanding the hydrological responses to land use changes can facilitate development of sustainable water resource management. The land use of the Wei River (the largest tributary of the Yellow River) Basin (WRB) has changed greatly due to the large-scale ecological restoration program in the Chinese Loess Plateau (e.g., grain-for-green program), causing dramatic impacts on the water cycle. This study was to simulate the impacts of land use and land cover change (LUCC) on the key hydrological components, using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). We investigated the spatiotemporal changes of LUCC from 1980 to 2010 in terms of four sub-regions (i.e., three subbasins and one mid-downstream area) and three landforms (i.e., mountain, hill, and plain), respectively. Then, we quantified the spatial heterogeneity of hydrological responses to land use change scenarios. Our LUCC analysis showed that cropland declined by about 0.8%, from 58,776 km2 in 1980 to 57,519 km2 in 2010, whereas the forest and grassland areas correspondingly increased 552 km2 and 16 km2, respectively. The urban area changed more dramatically in the middle and lower reaches of the Wei River owing to the faster socioeconomic development in this region than the rest areas. In mountain area, the main types of land use were forest and grassland, and the main transformation was from cropland to forest land and grassland. The area of cropland in plain could be over 50%, and it was mainly converted to urban land. The hydrological simulation indicated that LUCC from 1980 to 2010 caused 5.3% of decrease in the water yield and 6.2% increase in soil water content, but there was nearly no change in evapotranspiration (ET). Scenarios about slopping land use conversion (SLC) program showed that the conversion of cropland to grassland or forest (i.e., grain-for-green) resulted in negative effects on soil water content and water yield, with a greater effect by the reforestation. In addition, we found that the change of ET was clear in areas where cropland with slope > 15° was converted to grassland or forest, suggesting slope is also an important factor for hydrological responses to LUCC. This study can provide valuable decision support for land use planning and water resources protection in the WRB.
Jingyi Hu; Yiping Wu; Lijing Wang; Pengcheng Sun; Fubo Zhao; Zhangdong Jin; Yunqiang Wang; Linjing Qiu; Yanqing Lian. Impacts of land-use conversions on the water cycle in a typical watershed in the southern Chinese Loess Plateau. Journal of Hydrology 2020, 593, 125741 .
AMA StyleJingyi Hu, Yiping Wu, Lijing Wang, Pengcheng Sun, Fubo Zhao, Zhangdong Jin, Yunqiang Wang, Linjing Qiu, Yanqing Lian. Impacts of land-use conversions on the water cycle in a typical watershed in the southern Chinese Loess Plateau. Journal of Hydrology. 2020; 593 ():125741.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJingyi Hu; Yiping Wu; Lijing Wang; Pengcheng Sun; Fubo Zhao; Zhangdong Jin; Yunqiang Wang; Linjing Qiu; Yanqing Lian. 2020. "Impacts of land-use conversions on the water cycle in a typical watershed in the southern Chinese Loess Plateau." Journal of Hydrology 593, no. : 125741.
Increased corn growth frequency and corn stover removal for ethanol production are two primary sources to meet the rising demand for biofuels; however, these measures may potentially cause adverse environmental consequences in multiple aspects, such as water, carbon, and nitrogen, that are not well understood. To address this issue, a newly coupled hydro-biogeochemical model, SWAT-DayCent, was used to investigate the comprehensive environmental impacts of increased corn cultivation frequency and stover removal in a typical agricultural basin in the U.S. Corn Belt. Our results indicate that both the soil water and water yield decreased slightly under projected increased corn cultivation frequency and residue removal. The NO3–N load increased considerably by 44.3% and 130.0% when the crop rotation converted from the typical corn-soybean to corn-corn-soybean and continuous corn, respectively. However, sediment yield and SOC depletion showed decreases by 6.2–15.5% and 9.3–25.4% when increasing the corn cultivation. For the stover removal, NO3–N load decreased slightly (1.0–6.2%), but the sediment yield and SOC depletion increased by 1.8% and 8.0% when 30% of stover were harvested, and these two percentages would reach 35.2% and 24.4% when 90% of stover were harvested. In summary, increased corn cultivation frequency would primarily degrade water quality, while stover removal may increase the soil degradation risk by increasing sediment yield and SOC depletion at the watershed. This study provided comprehensive environmental impacts of bioenergy production and can be valuable for decision making towards sustainable bioenergy development and watershed eco-environmental management.
Fubo Zhao; Yiping Wu; Lijing Wang; Shuguang Liu; Xiaohua Wei; Jingfeng Xiao; Linjing Qiu; Pengcheng Sun. Multi-environmental impacts of biofuel production in the U.S. Corn Belt: A coupled hydro-biogeochemical modeling approach. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 251, 119561 .
AMA StyleFubo Zhao, Yiping Wu, Lijing Wang, Shuguang Liu, Xiaohua Wei, Jingfeng Xiao, Linjing Qiu, Pengcheng Sun. Multi-environmental impacts of biofuel production in the U.S. Corn Belt: A coupled hydro-biogeochemical modeling approach. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 251 ():119561.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFubo Zhao; Yiping Wu; Lijing Wang; Shuguang Liu; Xiaohua Wei; Jingfeng Xiao; Linjing Qiu; Pengcheng Sun. 2019. "Multi-environmental impacts of biofuel production in the U.S. Corn Belt: A coupled hydro-biogeochemical modeling approach." Journal of Cleaner Production 251, no. : 119561.
Understanding the climate change impacts on water and carbon cycles is of great importance for comprehensive watershed management. Although many studies have been conducted on the future climate change impacts on either water cycle or carbon cycle, the potential impacts on water-carbon coupling cycles are still poorly understood. This study used an integrated hydro-biochemical model (SWAT-DayCent) to quantitatively investigate the climate change impacts on water-carbon coupling cycles with a case study of typical loess hilly-gully watershed-the Jinghe River Basin (JRB) on the Loess Plateau. We used climate scenarios data derived under the three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs2.6, 4.5 and 8.5) by five downscaled Global Circulation Models (GCMs) and set two future periods of 2020–2049 (near future, NF) and 2070–2099 (far future, FF). It was projected that the annual precipitation would generally decrease slightly during the NF period but increase by 4–11% during the FF period, while the maximum/minimum air temperatures would increase significantly. The average annual streamflow would decrease (with up to 20.1% under RCP8.5) and evapotranspiration (ET) would remain almost unchanged during the NF period; however, both of them would increase during the FF period. The net primary production (NPP) would be generally higher due to the CO2 fertilization, whereas the soil organic carbon would decrease across all scenarios due to the warmer climate. The NPP-ET was projected to be closely coupled across all scenarios, and this coupling was mainly controlled by the inter-annual variability (IAV) of precipitation. Moreover, the precipitation IAV combined with NPP-ET coupling could also jointly control the NPP variability in the JRB. These projections in water-carbon coupling cycles can be useful to make better-informed decisions for future water resources and ecosystem management of the loess hilly-gully regions.
Fubo Zhao; Yiping Wu; Yingying Yao; Ke Sun; Xuesong Zhang; Leigh Winowiecki; Tor-G. Vågen; Jianchu Xu; Linjing Qiu; Pengcheng Sun; Yuzhu Sun. Predicting the climate change impacts on water-carbon coupling cycles for a loess hilly-gully watershed. Journal of Hydrology 2019, 581, 124388 .
AMA StyleFubo Zhao, Yiping Wu, Yingying Yao, Ke Sun, Xuesong Zhang, Leigh Winowiecki, Tor-G. Vågen, Jianchu Xu, Linjing Qiu, Pengcheng Sun, Yuzhu Sun. Predicting the climate change impacts on water-carbon coupling cycles for a loess hilly-gully watershed. Journal of Hydrology. 2019; 581 ():124388.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFubo Zhao; Yiping Wu; Yingying Yao; Ke Sun; Xuesong Zhang; Leigh Winowiecki; Tor-G. Vågen; Jianchu Xu; Linjing Qiu; Pengcheng Sun; Yuzhu Sun. 2019. "Predicting the climate change impacts on water-carbon coupling cycles for a loess hilly-gully watershed." Journal of Hydrology 581, no. : 124388.
Sediment in rivers is the dominant material source for ecosystems in lower reaches and estuaries, and it is undergoing large variations globally in recent decades. Though we have knowledge that human activities are greatly affecting land surface ecosystem processes and functions, the relationships between sediment transport regime and the intensifying human activities, are still poorly understood. This study was to investigate the changes of sediment transport regime due to the large-scale ecological restoration in the Middle Yellow River Basin (MYRB). In this study, we examined the change of the sediment rating curves using daily sediment load and streamflow data from 30 stations during time periods including pre- and post-ecological restoration in this region. We found the pair-relationship of the rating parameters (coefficient and exponent), denoted as coefficient-exponent pair-line, is a critical indicator that can detect the shift of sediment transport regime due to disturbed land surface conditions, though the changed hydrometeorological condition may just influence the absolute values of the rating parameters. Our analysis indicates there was a significant and interesting change of the sediment transport regime in the MYRB characterized by the consistent shift of the coefficient-exponent pair-line, together with an increasing exponent and a decreasing coefficient. This changed sediment transport regime can tell that sediment delivery would become lower for normal discharge conditions but potentially higher for extreme discharge conditions, and this phenomenon seems more distinct in relatively smaller watersheds, suggesting a higher risk of the potential high sediment delivery for extreme rainfall conditions especially for small watersheds. Our study would be informative and valuable to decision makers for sustainable watershed management in the MYRB when considering the changed sediment delivery.
Pengcheng Sun; Yiping Wu; Jianen Gao; Yingying Yao; Fubo Zhao; Xiaohui Lei; Linjing Qiu. Shifts of sediment transport regime caused by ecological restoration in the Middle Yellow River Basin. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 698, 134261 .
AMA StylePengcheng Sun, Yiping Wu, Jianen Gao, Yingying Yao, Fubo Zhao, Xiaohui Lei, Linjing Qiu. Shifts of sediment transport regime caused by ecological restoration in the Middle Yellow River Basin. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 698 ():134261.
Chicago/Turabian StylePengcheng Sun; Yiping Wu; Jianen Gao; Yingying Yao; Fubo Zhao; Xiaohui Lei; Linjing Qiu. 2019. "Shifts of sediment transport regime caused by ecological restoration in the Middle Yellow River Basin." Science of The Total Environment 698, no. : 134261.
Net primary production (NPP) is one of the most important components in the carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystems. Climatic and hydrologic elements are among the primary factors controlling the dynamics of NPP at global and regional scales. Thus, understanding the interactions between them is of great importance for optimal ecosystem management. This study aimed to investigate the spatiotemporal change in NPP and its responses to both climatic and hydrologic factors in a semiarid watershed—the Upper reach of the Wei River Basin (UWRB)—on the Loess Plateau, China. To this end, an integrated hydro-biogeochemical model (SWAT-DayCent) was applied to examine NPP during the period 1987–2016. The results show that the SWAT-DayCent performed well in simulating both the hydrologic and the biogeochemical components in this typical loess watershed. Though the basin average NPP increased slightly during the recent 30 years (1987–2016), the spatial distribution varied significantly in the region, with a relatively higher level in the southeastern and western parts and a lower level in the northern part. The strongly positive responses of major vegetations to precipitation indicate that precipitation was the dominant factor driving the ecosystem production, whereas warming may exert negative effects, especially in the southeastern part of the UWRB. Further, the strongly positive relationships between NPP and soil water/ET also suggest that the ecosystem production relied heavily on the water availability, indicating a tightly-coupled water-carbon cycle in this region. Overall, our findings are of great importance for identifying the key driving forces of the ecosystem production and the interaction between water and carbon cycles. The study may also aid policymakers in seeking better eco-environmental management when facing the climate change on the Loess Plateau.
Fubo Zhao; Yiping Wu; Bellie Sivakumar; Aihua Long; Linjing Qiu; Ji Chen; Lijing Wang; Shuguang Liu; Hongchang Hu. Climatic and hydrologic controls on net primary production in a semiarid loess watershed. Journal of Hydrology 2018, 568, 803 -815.
AMA StyleFubo Zhao, Yiping Wu, Bellie Sivakumar, Aihua Long, Linjing Qiu, Ji Chen, Lijing Wang, Shuguang Liu, Hongchang Hu. Climatic and hydrologic controls on net primary production in a semiarid loess watershed. Journal of Hydrology. 2018; 568 ():803-815.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFubo Zhao; Yiping Wu; Bellie Sivakumar; Aihua Long; Linjing Qiu; Ji Chen; Lijing Wang; Shuguang Liu; Hongchang Hu. 2018. "Climatic and hydrologic controls on net primary production in a semiarid loess watershed." Journal of Hydrology 568, no. : 803-815.
The nutrients and water supplied to rainfed agroecosystems need to be properly managed to meet food security and global warming challenges in the coming decades. A revised CENTURY model was adopted to evaluate the effects of long-term fertilization and supplemental irrigation (SI) on carbon (C) sequestration in a conventional 3-year rotation on the Loess Plateau of China (CWWM): spring corn in the first year, followed by 2 years of winter wheat, and fallow millet was sown in June of the third year. The simulation showed that grain C and soil organic C (SOC) benefited from long-term synthetic nitrogen (N) application. The contribution of this treatment to SOC accumulation was less than that of manure, but the concomitant increase in grain C was greater than that under manure treatment. Fertilization coupled with SI exerted a positive effect on grain C and SOC accumulation for both corn and wheat. The supply of 142 mm of irrigation water when the soil moisture status fell below 80% of the soil available water content (SAWC) in April for spring corn improved grain C accumulation by 33.7% compared with the control (CK); similarly, supplying 83 mm of irrigation water to winter wheat in October increased its grain C by 16.8%. Simulated SOC at the end of a 30-year period in which SI was applied once per month was higher than that obtained under SI in a single month. The highest SOC of 2256.5 g m−2, 4% higher than in CK, was obtained when SI was applied during corn growing season when the soil moisture fell below 50% of the SAWC. These findings implied that irrigation should be seriously considered for improving C sequestration in rainfed agroecosystems.
Linjing Qiu; Yiping Wu; Mingde Hao; Jian Shen; Xiaohui Lei; Weihong Liao; Yinke Li. Simulation of the irrigation requirements for improving carbon sequestration in a rainfed cropping system under long-term fertilization on the Loess Plateau of China. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 2018, 265, 198 -208.
AMA StyleLinjing Qiu, Yiping Wu, Mingde Hao, Jian Shen, Xiaohui Lei, Weihong Liao, Yinke Li. Simulation of the irrigation requirements for improving carbon sequestration in a rainfed cropping system under long-term fertilization on the Loess Plateau of China. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 2018; 265 ():198-208.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLinjing Qiu; Yiping Wu; Mingde Hao; Jian Shen; Xiaohui Lei; Weihong Liao; Yinke Li. 2018. "Simulation of the irrigation requirements for improving carbon sequestration in a rainfed cropping system under long-term fertilization on the Loess Plateau of China." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 265, no. : 198-208.
Fubo Zhao; Yiping Wu; Linjing Qiu; Bellie Sivakumar; Fan Zhang; Yuzhu Sun; Liqun Sun; Qinglan Li; Alexey Voinov. Spatiotemporal features of the hydro-biogeochemical cycles in a typical loess gully watershed. Ecological Indicators 2018, 91, 542 -554.
AMA StyleFubo Zhao, Yiping Wu, Linjing Qiu, Bellie Sivakumar, Fan Zhang, Yuzhu Sun, Liqun Sun, Qinglan Li, Alexey Voinov. Spatiotemporal features of the hydro-biogeochemical cycles in a typical loess gully watershed. Ecological Indicators. 2018; 91 ():542-554.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFubo Zhao; Yiping Wu; Linjing Qiu; Bellie Sivakumar; Fan Zhang; Yuzhu Sun; Liqun Sun; Qinglan Li; Alexey Voinov. 2018. "Spatiotemporal features of the hydro-biogeochemical cycles in a typical loess gully watershed." Ecological Indicators 91, no. : 542-554.
Hydrological models play an important role in water resource management, but they always suffer from various sources of uncertainties. Therefore, it is necessary to implement uncertainty analysis to gain more confidence in numerical modeling. The study employed three methods (i.e., Parameter Solution (ParaSol), Sequential Uncertainty Fitting (SUFI2), and Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE)) to quantify the parameter sensitivity and uncertainty of the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model in a mountain-loess transitional watershed—Jingchuan River Basin (JCRB) on the Loess Plateau, China. The model was calibrated and validated using monthly observed streamflow at the Jingchuan gaging station and the modeling results showed that SWAT performed well in the study period in the JCRB. The parameter sensitivity results demonstrated that any of the three methods were capable for the parameter sensitivity analysis in this area. Among the parameters, CN2, SOL_K, and ALPHA_BF were more sensitive to the simulation of peak flow, average flow, and low flow, respectively, compared to others (e.g., ESCO, CH_K2, and SOL_AWC) in this basin. Although the ParaSol method was more efficient in capturing the most optimal parameter set, it showed limited ability in uncertainty analysis due to the narrower 95CI and poor P-factor and R-factor in this area. In contrast, the 95CIs in SUFI2 and GLUE were wider than ParaSol, indicating that these two methods can be promising in analyzing the model parameter uncertainty. However, for the model prediction uncertainty within the same parameter range, SUFI2 was proven to be slightly more superior to GLUE. Overall, through the comparisons of the proposed evaluation criteria for uncertainty analysis (e.g., P-factor, R-factor, NSE, and R2) and the computational efficiencies, SUFI2 can be a potentially efficient tool for the parameter optimization and uncertainty analysis. This study provides an insight into selecting uncertainty analysis method in the modeling field, especially for the hydrological modeling community.
Fubo Zhao; Yiping Wu; Linjing Qiu; Yuzhu Sun; Liqun Sun; Qinglan Li; Jun Niu; Guoqing Wang. Parameter Uncertainty Analysis of the SWAT Model in a Mountain-Loess Transitional Watershed on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Water 2018, 10, 690 .
AMA StyleFubo Zhao, Yiping Wu, Linjing Qiu, Yuzhu Sun, Liqun Sun, Qinglan Li, Jun Niu, Guoqing Wang. Parameter Uncertainty Analysis of the SWAT Model in a Mountain-Loess Transitional Watershed on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Water. 2018; 10 (6):690.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFubo Zhao; Yiping Wu; Linjing Qiu; Yuzhu Sun; Liqun Sun; Qinglan Li; Jun Niu; Guoqing Wang. 2018. "Parameter Uncertainty Analysis of the SWAT Model in a Mountain-Loess Transitional Watershed on the Chinese Loess Plateau." Water 10, no. 6: 690.
Compared with the conventional fossil fuel, bioenergy has obvious advantages due to its renewability and large quantity, and thus plays a crucial role in helping defend the energy security. However, the bioenergy development may potentially cause serious environmental alterations, which remain unclear. The study summarizes the environmental impacts of bioenergy production based on the compilation and published data. Our analysis shows that more and more attention is being paid to the environmental protection as the development of bioenergy, and among the influencing terms of bioenergy production, water issues (i.e., water quantity and quality) gain the greatest concern, whereas the least attention has been given to soil erosion. Although we recognize that the bioenergy production can indeed exert negative effects on the environment in terms of water quantity and quality, greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity and soil organic carbon, and soil erosion, the adverse impacts varied greatly depending on biomass types, land locations, and management practices. Identifying the reasonable cultivation locations, appropriate bioenergy crop types, and optimal management practices can be beneficial to environment and sustainable development of bioenergy. In this field, Chinese bioenergy production has lagged behind and does not match its rising energy consumption, but it has a great potential of and demand for biomass-based energy especially under its urbanization, in spite of the negative environmental impacts. Therefore, this article is expected to serve as a reference and guideline on what has been done in the bioenergy-oriented countries that might stimulate development of more effective and environmentally sound guidelines for promoting bioenergy production in China and other developing countries as well.
Yiping Wu; Fubo Zhao; Shuguang Liu; Lijing Wang; Linjing Qiu; Georgii Alexandrov; Vinayakam Jothiprakash. Bioenergy production and environmental impacts. Geoscience Letters 2018, 5, 14 .
AMA StyleYiping Wu, Fubo Zhao, Shuguang Liu, Lijing Wang, Linjing Qiu, Georgii Alexandrov, Vinayakam Jothiprakash. Bioenergy production and environmental impacts. Geoscience Letters. 2018; 5 (1):14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYiping Wu; Fubo Zhao; Shuguang Liu; Lijing Wang; Linjing Qiu; Georgii Alexandrov; Vinayakam Jothiprakash. 2018. "Bioenergy production and environmental impacts." Geoscience Letters 5, no. 1: 14.
The climate variability in monsoon and arid regions attributable to dynamic vegetation is investigated using NCAR's Community Earth System Model with the Dynamic Global Vegetation Model. Two present climate simulations, one using dynamics and the other using fixed vegetation cover, are carried out. A comparative analysis of the two simulations reveals that the climate in monsoon and arid regions exhibits different responses to dynamic vegetation. On the hemispheric scale, precipitation mainly increases in the Northern Hemisphere and decreases in the Southern Hemisphere in response to dynamic vegetation, while the surface temperature exhibits a consistent decrease. On the regional scale, precipitation decreases caused by dynamic vegetation are the main trend in monsoon regions except for the Asian monsoon region, while precipitation responses to vegetation change are weak in arid regions relative to monsoon regions. The surface temperature increases significantly because of dynamic vegetation only in the boreal winter Asian monsoon region, while the rest of the monsoon and arid regions mainly exhibit reduced surface temperatures. Therefore, the climate variability in the Asian monsoon region is clearly different from the other regions. Further analysis shows that dynamic vegetation can modulate variations in the east–west sea-level pressure gradient and lower-level meridional winds in East Asia, and it can strengthen (weaken) the East Asian summer (winter) monsoon. Mechanistic analysis reveals that the difference in hemispheric and regional climate variations may be due to changes in the dynamic vegetation-induced moisture flux and net surface radiative forcing.
Hongli Wang; Linjing Qiu; Xiaoning Xie; Zhiyuan Wang; Xiaodong Liu. Climate Variability in Monsoon and Arid Regions Attributable to Dynamic Vegetation in a Global Climate Model. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II 2018, 96, 391 -403.
AMA StyleHongli Wang, Linjing Qiu, Xiaoning Xie, Zhiyuan Wang, Xiaodong Liu. Climate Variability in Monsoon and Arid Regions Attributable to Dynamic Vegetation in a Global Climate Model. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II. 2018; 96 (4):391-403.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHongli Wang; Linjing Qiu; Xiaoning Xie; Zhiyuan Wang; Xiaodong Liu. 2018. "Climate Variability in Monsoon and Arid Regions Attributable to Dynamic Vegetation in a Global Climate Model." Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. II 96, no. 4: 391-403.
The hydrological effects of the Grain for Green project (GFGP) on the Loess Plateau have been extensively debated due to the complexity of the water system and its multiple driving factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of the hydrological cycle to the GFGP measures based in a case study of the Yanhe Basin, a typical hilly–gully area on the Loess Plateau of China. First, we analyzed the land use and land cover (LULC) changes from 1990 to 2010. Then, we evaluated the effects of LULC changes and sloping land conversion on the main hydrological components in the basin using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The results indicated that cropland exhibited a decreasing trend, declining from 40.2 % of the basin area in 1990 to 17.6 % in 2010, and that the woodland and grassland areas correspondingly increased. With the land use changes from 1990 to 2010, the water yield showed a decreasing trend which was mainly due to decrease in surface runoff. In contrast, evapotranspiration (ET) showed an increasing trend over the same period, resulting in a persistent decrease in soil water. The conversion of sloping cropland to grassland or woodland exerted negative effects on water yield and soil water. Compared with the land use condition in 2010, the negative effects were most evident where cropland with a slope ≥ 15° was converted to woodland, with decreases in surface runoff and soil water of 17.1 and 6.4 %, respectively. These results suggest that the expansive reforestation on sloping land in the loess hilly–gully region decreased water yield and increased ET, resulting in reduced soil water. The results of this study can be used to support sustainable land use planning and water resource management on the Loess Plateau in China.
Linjing Qiu; Yiping Wu; Lijing Wang; Xiaohui Lei; Weihong Liao; Ying Hui; Xianyong Meng. Spatiotemporal response of the water cycle to land use conversions in a typical hilly–gully basin on the Loess Plateau, China. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 2017, 21, 6485 -6499.
AMA StyleLinjing Qiu, Yiping Wu, Lijing Wang, Xiaohui Lei, Weihong Liao, Ying Hui, Xianyong Meng. Spatiotemporal response of the water cycle to land use conversions in a typical hilly–gully basin on the Loess Plateau, China. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 2017; 21 (12):6485-6499.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLinjing Qiu; Yiping Wu; Lijing Wang; Xiaohui Lei; Weihong Liao; Ying Hui; Xianyong Meng. 2017. "Spatiotemporal response of the water cycle to land use conversions in a typical hilly–gully basin on the Loess Plateau, China." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 12: 6485-6499.
Although many studies have been conducted on crop yield in rain-fed agriculture, the possible impacts of climate change on the carbon (C) dynamics of rain-fed rotation systems, particularly their direction and magnitude at the long-term scale, are still poorly understood. In this study, the sensitivity of C dynamics of a typical rotation system to elevated CO2 and changed temperature and precipitation were first tested using the CENTURY model, based on data collected from a 30-year field experiment of a corn-wheat-wheat-millet (CWWM) rotation system in the tableland of the Loess Plateau. The possible responses of crop biomass C and soil organic C (SOC) accumulation were then evaluated under scenarios representing the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5. The results indicated that elevated CO2 and increased precipitation exerted positive effect on biomass C in CWWM rotation system, while increasing the temperature by 1°C, 2°C and 4°C had negative effects on biomass C due to opposite responses of corn and winter wheat to warming. SOC accumulation was enhanced by increased CO2 concentration and precipitation but impaired by increased temperature. Under future RCP scenarios with dynamic CO2, the biomass C of corn exhibited decrease during the period of 2046-2075 under RCP4.5 and the period of 2016-2075 under RCP8.5 due to reduced precipitation and a warmer climate. In contrast, winter wheat would benefit from increased CO2 and temperature and was projected to have larger biomass C under both RCP scenarios. Although the climate condition had large differences between RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, the projected SOC had similar trends under two scenarios due to CO2 fertilizer effect and precipitation fluctuation. These results implied that crop biomass C and SOC accumulation in a warmer environment are strongly related to precipitation, and increase in field water storage should be emphasized in coping with future climate.
Linjing Qiu; Mingde Hao; Yiping Wu. Potential impacts of climate change on carbon dynamics in a rain-fed agro-ecosystem on the Loess Plateau of China. Science of The Total Environment 2017, 577, 267 -278.
AMA StyleLinjing Qiu, Mingde Hao, Yiping Wu. Potential impacts of climate change on carbon dynamics in a rain-fed agro-ecosystem on the Loess Plateau of China. Science of The Total Environment. 2017; 577 ():267-278.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLinjing Qiu; Mingde Hao; Yiping Wu. 2017. "Potential impacts of climate change on carbon dynamics in a rain-fed agro-ecosystem on the Loess Plateau of China." Science of The Total Environment 577, no. : 267-278.
Process-based numerical models in environmental science can help understand and quantify terrestrial material cycles in nature. However, the existing models usually focus on the cycles of one or more elements (e.g., water, carbon, or nitrogen). For example, hydrological models such as Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) focus on the water cycle and nutrient loadings at watershed scale, whereas biogeochemical models such as DayCent (i.e., daily CENTURY) emphasize carbon/nitrogen storage and fluxes of ecosystems at landscape scale. Therefore, using either one of the two categories of models is not enough for understanding/solving the current complex environmental issues that involve multiple aspects. Although use of both models (SWAT and DayCent) could be an expedient way toward treating the problem, creating separate model projects for a single area could be challenging and time consuming, and integration/analyses of model results have some limitations due to the non-uniformity of input spatial data between models. To overcome this issue, we developed an integrated model implementation coupler that aims to drive SWAT and DayCentthe two representative models in hydrology and biogeochemistry, respectivelyjust using a user's SWAT project without the need of any extra efforts such as developing a framework or preparing input data for DayCent modeling. This software is easy to use and would be promising for conducting comprehensive environmental impact assessment involving hydrological and biogeochemical cycles at watershed scale. SWAT-DayCent Coupler was developed to drive both SWAT and DayCent simultaneously.The software can help users integrate both model results on the HRU mapping units.The software can be readily used for an existing SWAT project without extra efforts.
Yiping Wu; Shuguang Liu; Linjing Qiu; Yuzhu Sun. SWAT-DayCent coupler: An integration tool for simultaneous hydro-biogeochemical modeling using SWAT and DayCent. Environmental Modelling & Software 2016, 86, 81 -90.
AMA StyleYiping Wu, Shuguang Liu, Linjing Qiu, Yuzhu Sun. SWAT-DayCent coupler: An integration tool for simultaneous hydro-biogeochemical modeling using SWAT and DayCent. Environmental Modelling & Software. 2016; 86 ():81-90.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYiping Wu; Shuguang Liu; Linjing Qiu; Yuzhu Sun. 2016. "SWAT-DayCent coupler: An integration tool for simultaneous hydro-biogeochemical modeling using SWAT and DayCent." Environmental Modelling & Software 86, no. : 81-90.
The effects of elevated CO2 on vegetation dynamics and the hydrological cycle have been widely studied at the site level. However, quantitative assessments of these effects on a regional scale remain a challenge. We conducted numerical simulations to predict the possible responses of vegetation and the hydrological cycle in the Sino-Mongolia arid and semi-arid region (SMASR) to doubled CO2 and its associated climate change using the Community Earth System Model in tandem with a dynamic global vegetation model. The results showed that the doubled CO2 had a positive effect on the leaf area index of the SMASR, but its associated climate change exerted a negative effect in most parts of the SMASR. Although climate change had a weak negative effect on ground runoff at the regional scale, a 4.74 mm increase was predicted under the combined effect of doubled CO2 and climate change, largely due to the positive effect of doubled CO2. Spatially, the evident increase in ground runoff, which primarily occurred in the southeastern part of the SMASR, resulted from decreased ground evaporation and canopy transpiration under the doubled CO2 condition. A negative effect was predicted in the central west as a result of increased temperature and a changed precipitation under doubled CO2. These findings implied that the condition of water resources would be improved slightly under a doubled CO2 condition, whereas there would be a larger spatial heterogeneity in relation to different sensitivities of vegetation and hydrological variables to doubled CO2 and associated climate change.
Linjing Qiu; Xiaodong Liu; Yaqi Hao. Quantitative assessment of the role of doubled CO2 and associated climate change in the vegetation dynamics and hydrological cycle in the Sino-Mongolia arid and semi-arid region. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 2015, 31, 785 -797.
AMA StyleLinjing Qiu, Xiaodong Liu, Yaqi Hao. Quantitative assessment of the role of doubled CO2 and associated climate change in the vegetation dynamics and hydrological cycle in the Sino-Mongolia arid and semi-arid region. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment. 2015; 31 (3):785-797.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLinjing Qiu; Xiaodong Liu; Yaqi Hao. 2015. "Quantitative assessment of the role of doubled CO2 and associated climate change in the vegetation dynamics and hydrological cycle in the Sino-Mongolia arid and semi-arid region." Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 31, no. 3: 785-797.