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Yiping Wu
Department of Earth and Environmental Science, School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China

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Journal article
Published: 20 August 2021 in Remote Sensing
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The vegetation coverage on the Loess Plateau (LP) of China has clearly increased since the implementation of the Grain for Green Project in 1999, but there is a debate about whether the improved greenness was achieved at the expense of the balance between the supply and demand of water resources. Therefore, developing reliable indicators to evaluate the water availability is a prerequisite for maintaining ecological sustainability and ensuring the persistence of vegetation restoration. This study was designed to evaluate water availability on the LP during 2000–2015, using the evaporative stress index (ESI) derived from a remote sensing dataset. The relative dependences of the ESI on climatic and biological factors (including temperature, precipitation and land cover change) were also analyzed. The results showed that the leaf area index (LAI) in most regions of the LP showed a significant increasing trend (p< 0.05), and larger gradients of increase were mainly detected in the central and eastern parts of the LP. The evapotranspiration also exhibited an increasing trend in the central and eastern parts of the LP, with a gradient greater than 10 mm/year. However, almost the whole LP exhibited a decreased ESI from 2000 to 2015, and the largest decrease occurred on the central and eastern LP, indicating a wetting trend. The soil moisture storage in the 0–289-cm soil profiles showed an increasing trend in the central and eastern LP, and the area with an upward trend enlarged with the soil depth. Further analysis revealed that the decreased ESI on the central and eastern LP mainly depended on the increase in the LAI compared with climatic influences. This work not only demonstrated that the ESI was a useful indicator for understanding the water availability in natural and managed ecosystems under climate change but also indicated that vegetation restoration might have a positive effect on water conservation on the central LP.

ACS Style

Linjing Qiu; Yuting Chen; Yiping Wu; Qingyue Xue; Zhaoyang Shi; Xiaohui Lei; Weihong Liao; Fubo Zhao; Wenke Wang. The Water Availability on the Chinese Loess Plateau since the Implementation of the Grain for Green Project as Indicated by the Evaporative Stress Index. Remote Sensing 2021, 13, 3302 .

AMA Style

Linjing Qiu, Yuting Chen, Yiping Wu, Qingyue Xue, Zhaoyang Shi, Xiaohui Lei, Weihong Liao, Fubo Zhao, Wenke Wang. The Water Availability on the Chinese Loess Plateau since the Implementation of the Grain for Green Project as Indicated by the Evaporative Stress Index. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13 (16):3302.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Linjing Qiu; Yuting Chen; Yiping Wu; Qingyue Xue; Zhaoyang Shi; Xiaohui Lei; Weihong Liao; Fubo Zhao; Wenke Wang. 2021. "The Water Availability on the Chinese Loess Plateau since the Implementation of the Grain for Green Project as Indicated by the Evaporative Stress Index." Remote Sensing 13, no. 16: 3302.

Research
Published: 16 August 2021 in Carbon Balance and Management
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Background Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a crucial role in the global carbon cycle and terrestrial ecosystem functions. It is widely known that climate change and soil water content (SWC) could influence the SOC dynamics; however, there are still debates about how climate change, especially climate warming, and SWC impact SOC. We investigated the spatiotemporal changes in SOC and its responses to climate warming and root-zone SWC change using the coupled hydro-biogeochemical model (SWAT-DayCent) and climate scenarios data derived under the three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs2.6, 4.5, and 8.5) from five downscaled Global Climate Models (GCMs) in a typical loess watershed––the Jinghe River Basin (JRB) on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Results The air temperature would increase significantly during the future period (2017–2099), while the annual precipitation would increase by 2.0–13.1% relative to the baseline period (1976–2016), indicating a warmer and wetter future in the JRB. Driven by the precipitation variation, the root-zone SWC would also increase (by up to 27.9% relative to the baseline under RCP4.5); however, the SOC was projected to decrease significantly under the future warming climate. The combined effects of climate warming and SWC change could more reasonably explain the SOC loss, and this formed hump-shaped response surfaces between SOC loss and warming-SWC interactions under both RCP2.6 and 8.5, which can help explain diverse warming effects on SOC with changing SWC. Conclusions The study showed a significant potential carbon source under the future warmer and wetter climate in the JRB, and the SOC loss was largely controlled by future climate warming and the root-zone SWC as well. The hump-shaped responses of the SOC loss to climate warming and SWC change demonstrated that the SWC could mediate the warming effects on SOC loss, but this mediation largely depended on the SWC changing magnitude (drier or wetter soil conditions). This mediation mechanism about the effect of SWC on SOC would be valuable for enhancing soil carbon sequestration in a warming climate on the Loess Plateau.

ACS Style

Fubo Zhao; Yiping Wu; Jinyu Hui; Bellie Sivakumar; Xianyong Meng; Shuguang Liu. Projected soil organic carbon loss in response to climate warming and soil water content in a loess watershed. Carbon Balance and Management 2021, 16, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Fubo Zhao, Yiping Wu, Jinyu Hui, Bellie Sivakumar, Xianyong Meng, Shuguang Liu. Projected soil organic carbon loss in response to climate warming and soil water content in a loess watershed. Carbon Balance and Management. 2021; 16 (1):1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fubo Zhao; Yiping Wu; Jinyu Hui; Bellie Sivakumar; Xianyong Meng; Shuguang Liu. 2021. "Projected soil organic carbon loss in response to climate warming and soil water content in a loess watershed." Carbon Balance and Management 16, no. 1: 1-14.

Journal article
Published: 23 July 2021 in Science of The Total Environment
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Soil carbon (SC) is a key component of the carbon cycle and plays an important role in climate change; however, quantitatively assessing SC dynamics at the regional scale remains challenging. Earth system model (ESM) that considers multiple environmental factors and spatial heterogeneity has become a powerful tool to explore carbon cycle-climate feedbacks, although the performance of the ESM is diverse and highly uncertain. Thus, identifying reliable ESMs is a prerequisite for better understanding the response of SC dynamics to human activity and climate change. The 16 ESMs that participated in the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) were employed to evaluate the skill performance of SC density simulation by comparison with reference data from the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme Data and Information System (IGBP-DIS). Although ESMs generally reflect spatial patterns with lower SC in northwest China and higher SC in southeast China, 11 of 16 ESMs underestimated the SC in China, and 5 of 16 ESMs overestimated the SC density as most ESMs had large discrepancies in capturing the SC density in the northern high latitudes of China and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. According to a series of model performance statistics, SC simulated by Institute Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL) Coupled Model had a close spatial pattern with IGBP-DIS and showed higher skills for SC predictions in China relative to other CMIP5 ESMs. The multimodel ensemble average obtained by IPSL family ESMs showed that SC density exhibited increasing trends under both the RCP4.5 scenario and RCP8.5 scenario. The SC density increased slowly under RCP8.5 compared with that under RCP4.5 and even displayed a decreasing trend in the late 21st century. The findings of this study can provide a reference for identifying the shortcomings of SC predictions in China and guide SC parameterization improvement in ESMs.

ACS Style

Linjing Qiu; Mengzhen Yu; Yiping Wu; Yingying Yao; Zhaosheng Wang; Zhaoyang Shi; Yinghui Guan. Assessing and predicting soil carbon density in China using CMIP5 earth system models. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 799, 149247 .

AMA Style

Linjing Qiu, Mengzhen Yu, Yiping Wu, Yingying Yao, Zhaosheng Wang, Zhaoyang Shi, Yinghui Guan. Assessing and predicting soil carbon density in China using CMIP5 earth system models. Science of The Total Environment. 2021; 799 ():149247.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Linjing Qiu; Mengzhen Yu; Yiping Wu; Yingying Yao; Zhaosheng Wang; Zhaoyang Shi; Yinghui Guan. 2021. "Assessing and predicting soil carbon density in China using CMIP5 earth system models." Science of The Total Environment 799, no. : 149247.

Preprint content
Published: 15 July 2021
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The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) is one of the amplifiers of global climate change. The headwater area of the Yellow River Basin (HYRB) on the QTP is the dominant water source region for the whole Yellow River Basin (YRB). However, the sensitive responses of hydrological processes to the intensifying climate change are exerting high uncertainties to the water cycle in the HYRB. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential climate change under three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5) and their hydrological impacts in this region using the ensemble climate data from eight general circulation models (GCMs) and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Compared to the baseline (1976–2015), the projected climate indicated a rise of 7.3–7.8% in annual precipitation, 1.3–1.9°C in maximum air temperature, and 1.2–1.8°C in minimum air temperature during the near future period (2020–2059), and an increment of 9.0–17.9%, 1.5–4.5°C, and 1.3–4.5°C in precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature, respectively, during the far future period (2060–2099). The well-simulated SWAT modeling results suggested that due to a wetter and warmer climate, annual average actual evapotranspiration (AET) would increase obviously in the future (31.9–35.3% during the near future and 33.5–54.3% during the far future), which might cause a slight decrease in soil water. Water yield would decrease by 16.5–20.1% during the near future period, implying a worsening water crisis in the future. Till the end of this century, driven by the increased precipitation, water yield would no longer continue to decrease, with a decline by 15–19.5%. Overall, this study can not only provide scientific understanding of the hydrological responses to the future climate in both semi-arid and alpine areas, but also contribute to the decision support for sustainable development of water resources and protection of eco-environment in the HYRB.

ACS Style

Jingyi Hu; Yiping Wu; Pengcheng Sun; Fubo Zhao; Ke Sun; Tiejian Li; Bellie Sivakumar; Linjing Qiu; Yuzhu Sun; Zhangdong Jin. Predicting Long-Term Hydrological Change Caused By Climate Shifting In The 21st Century In The Headwater Area of The Yellow River Basin. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Jingyi Hu, Yiping Wu, Pengcheng Sun, Fubo Zhao, Ke Sun, Tiejian Li, Bellie Sivakumar, Linjing Qiu, Yuzhu Sun, Zhangdong Jin. Predicting Long-Term Hydrological Change Caused By Climate Shifting In The 21st Century In The Headwater Area of The Yellow River Basin. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jingyi Hu; Yiping Wu; Pengcheng Sun; Fubo Zhao; Ke Sun; Tiejian Li; Bellie Sivakumar; Linjing Qiu; Yuzhu Sun; Zhangdong Jin. 2021. "Predicting Long-Term Hydrological Change Caused By Climate Shifting In The 21st Century In The Headwater Area of The Yellow River Basin." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 17 June 2021 in Journal of Hydrology
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Characterizing soil moisture (SM) dynamics is a prerequisite for implementing sustainable vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau (LP) of China. However, quantifying SM variation both spatially and temporally remains a challenge due to various driving factors and the complexity of land surface processes. This study was designed to investigate the magnitude and trends of SM variation due to vegetation restoration in soil profiles at the regional scale using earth system reanalysis data and the Community Land Model (CLM). The results indicated that the surface layer SM had positive responses to vegetation restoration, while the SM in the subsurface and deeper soil layers had negative responses. The area-averaged annual mean SM under vegetated condition in 2015 (LC2015) was less than that in 2000 (LC2000), with a magnitude of 11.7 mm. Spatially, almost the whole LP region exhibited decreased SM in the 100–289 cm layer in the LC2015 simulation, and significant differences were detected on the southeastern LP, where the forest coverage clearly increased from 2000 to 2015, with the decreased annual mean SM ranging from 20 to 40 mm. These differences were also reflected in the seasonal SM, showing that SM in the 100–289 cm layer in the LC2015 simulation was less than that in the LC2000 simulation, with significant differences of 11.5 mm, 11.7 mm, 11.9 mm and 11.7 mm for spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively (p < 0.05). Notably, the temporal variabilities in SM in both the LC2000 and LC2015 simulations showed a decreasing trend during the simulation period, and the decreasing magnitudes increased as the soil depth increased; the largest decreasing gradient was approximately 2.1 mm/year in the 100–289 cm layer. These findings implied that vegetation restoration on the LP led to a significant reduction in SM, that was difficult to replenish by local precipitation and in turn had negative effects on plant growth and water resources.

ACS Style

Linjing Qiu; Yiping Wu; Zhaoyang Shi; Mengzhen Yu; Fubo Zhao; Yinghui Guan. Quantifying spatiotemporal variations in soil moisture driven by vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau of China. Journal of Hydrology 2021, 600, 126580 .

AMA Style

Linjing Qiu, Yiping Wu, Zhaoyang Shi, Mengzhen Yu, Fubo Zhao, Yinghui Guan. Quantifying spatiotemporal variations in soil moisture driven by vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau of China. Journal of Hydrology. 2021; 600 ():126580.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Linjing Qiu; Yiping Wu; Zhaoyang Shi; Mengzhen Yu; Fubo Zhao; Yinghui Guan. 2021. "Quantifying spatiotemporal variations in soil moisture driven by vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau of China." Journal of Hydrology 600, no. : 126580.

Journal article
Published: 16 June 2021 in Remote Sensing
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Quantitatively identifying the influences of vegetation restoration (VR) on water resources is crucial to ecological planning. Although vegetation coverage has improved on the Loess Plateau (LP) of China since the implementation of VR policy, the way vegetation dynamics influences regional evapotranspiration (ET) remains controversial. In this study, we first investigate long-term spatiotemporal trends of total ET (TET) components, including ground evaporation (GE) and canopy ET (CET, sum of canopy interception and canopy transpiration) based on the GLEAM-ET dataset. The ET changes are attributed to VR on the LP from 2000 to 2015 and these results are quantitatively evaluated here using the Community Land Model (CLM). Finally, the relative contributions of VR and climate change to ET are identified by combining climate scenarios and VR scenarios. The results show that the positive effect of VR on CET is offset by the negative effect of VR on GE, which results in a weak variation in TET at an annual scale and an increased TET is only shown in summer. Regardless of the representative concentration pathway (RCP4.5 or RCP8.5), differences resulted from the responses of TET to different vegetation conditions ranging from −3.7 to −1.2 mm, while climate change from RCP4.5 to RCP8.5 caused an increase in TET ranging from 0.1 to 65.3 mm. These findings imply that climate change might play a dominant role in ET variability on the LP, and this work emphasizes the importance of comprehensively considering the interactions among climate factors to assess the relative contributions of VR and climate change to ET.

ACS Style

Linjing Qiu; Yiping Wu; Zhaoyang Shi; Yuting Chen; Fubo Zhao. Quantifying the Responses of Evapotranspiration and Its Components to Vegetation Restoration and Climate Change on the Loess Plateau of China. Remote Sensing 2021, 13, 2358 .

AMA Style

Linjing Qiu, Yiping Wu, Zhaoyang Shi, Yuting Chen, Fubo Zhao. Quantifying the Responses of Evapotranspiration and Its Components to Vegetation Restoration and Climate Change on the Loess Plateau of China. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13 (12):2358.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Linjing Qiu; Yiping Wu; Zhaoyang Shi; Yuting Chen; Fubo Zhao. 2021. "Quantifying the Responses of Evapotranspiration and Its Components to Vegetation Restoration and Climate Change on the Loess Plateau of China." Remote Sensing 13, no. 12: 2358.

Research letter
Published: 18 May 2021 in Geophysical Research Letters
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The Himalayas are critical for supplying water for ∼2 billion people who live downstream, and available water is highly sensitive to climate change. The role of the groundwater system in sustaining the northern Himalayan rivers remains unknown, and this compromises Asia's future water sustainability. Here, we quantify the spatiotemporal contribution of groundwater to river flows in the Yarlung Zangbo Basin (upper reaches of Brahmaputra). Our results show that the groundwater recharge represents ∼23% of mean annual precipitation, translating into ∼30 km3/yr of baseflow, which contributes ∼55% of the total river discharge in the upstream reaches to ∼27% in the downstream reaches. The percentage of groundwater contribution is inversely related to topographic steepness and total precipitation, with the steepest topography and highest precipitation in the eastern Himalayas. This study fills a knowledge gap on groundwater in the Himalayas and is a foundation for projecting water changes under climatic warming.

ACS Style

Yingying Yao; Chunmiao Zheng; Charles B. Andrews; Bridget R. Scanlon; Xingxing Kuang; Zhenzhong Zeng; Su‐Jong Jeong; Michele Lancia; Yiping Wu; Guoshuai Li. Role of Groundwater in Sustaining Northern Himalayan Rivers. Geophysical Research Letters 2021, 48, 1 .

AMA Style

Yingying Yao, Chunmiao Zheng, Charles B. Andrews, Bridget R. Scanlon, Xingxing Kuang, Zhenzhong Zeng, Su‐Jong Jeong, Michele Lancia, Yiping Wu, Guoshuai Li. Role of Groundwater in Sustaining Northern Himalayan Rivers. Geophysical Research Letters. 2021; 48 (10):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yingying Yao; Chunmiao Zheng; Charles B. Andrews; Bridget R. Scanlon; Xingxing Kuang; Zhenzhong Zeng; Su‐Jong Jeong; Michele Lancia; Yiping Wu; Guoshuai Li. 2021. "Role of Groundwater in Sustaining Northern Himalayan Rivers." Geophysical Research Letters 48, no. 10: 1.

Preprint content
Published: 17 May 2021
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Water quality is the restrictive factor for both ecosystem health and social development in the Chinese Loess Plateau, a unique area with most severe soil erosion, fragile ecology, and water shortage. Understanding the characteristics of the pollutant loads is of vital importance for the sustainability of eco-environment in the Loess Plateau. This study investigated the spatiotemporal changes of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) loads by combining the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and regression model Load Estimator (LOADEST) in a typical loess hilly and gully watershed—the Yan River Basin (YanRB). Results showed that the model simulations of monthly streamflow and pollutant loads were in good agreement with those derived from the in-situ observations. The temporal variation analysis suggested that the pollutant loads were generally rising in the study period (2001–2018) at four of the five stations and reached the maximum in 2014, and the multi-year (i.e., 2001–2018 with 2013 being excluded due to extreme rainfall) average loads of COD, TN, and TP at the Tanjiahe station, which is close to the outlet of the basin, were 15,021 kg/d, 3,835 kg/d, and 168 kg/d, respectively. The spatial distribution of the TN and TP loads along the river seemed to be quite unique because the TP level were obviously higher at the midstream (e.g., Zhujiagou and Ganguyi) than the downstream (e.g., Tanjiahe), and the TN level decreased when the river flowed from Zhujiagou to Ganguyi. Further, the seasonal analysis indicated that the nutrient loads were the highest in summer, followed by autumn, and the loads in these two wet seasons contributed the most of the annual pollution loads—about 76% and 84% for TN and TP, respectively, indicating the higher flow, the higher pollution load, a similar point based on the inter-annual analysis. In addition, the contribution analysis of point source and non-point source pollutions demonstrated that NPS led to most of the pollutant loads at the whole watershed—87%, 85%, and 84% of the COD, TN, and TP loads, respectively. Overall, this study provided spatiotemporal distributions of the key pollutant loads in the YanRB and can be valuable for water quality protection and pollution control in this area.

ACS Style

Yanni Song; Yiping Wu; Changshun Sun; Fubo Zhao; Jingyi Hu; Ji Chen; Linjing Qiu. Spatiotemporal Features of Pollutant Loads in the Yan River Basin, a Typical Loess hilly and Gully Watershed in the Chinese Loess Plateau. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Yanni Song, Yiping Wu, Changshun Sun, Fubo Zhao, Jingyi Hu, Ji Chen, Linjing Qiu. Spatiotemporal Features of Pollutant Loads in the Yan River Basin, a Typical Loess hilly and Gully Watershed in the Chinese Loess Plateau. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yanni Song; Yiping Wu; Changshun Sun; Fubo Zhao; Jingyi Hu; Ji Chen; Linjing Qiu. 2021. "Spatiotemporal Features of Pollutant Loads in the Yan River Basin, a Typical Loess hilly and Gully Watershed in the Chinese Loess Plateau." , no. : 1.

Editorial
Published: 13 March 2021 in Remote Sensing
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Water is undoubtedly the most valuable resource of human society and an essential component of the ecosystem

ACS Style

Weili Duan; Shreedhar Maskey; Pedro Chaffe; Pingping Luo; Bin He; Yiping Wu; Jingming Hou. Recent Advancement in Remote Sensing Technology for Hydrology Analysis and Water Resources Management. Remote Sensing 2021, 13, 1097 .

AMA Style

Weili Duan, Shreedhar Maskey, Pedro Chaffe, Pingping Luo, Bin He, Yiping Wu, Jingming Hou. Recent Advancement in Remote Sensing Technology for Hydrology Analysis and Water Resources Management. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13 (6):1097.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Weili Duan; Shreedhar Maskey; Pedro Chaffe; Pingping Luo; Bin He; Yiping Wu; Jingming Hou. 2021. "Recent Advancement in Remote Sensing Technology for Hydrology Analysis and Water Resources Management." Remote Sensing 13, no. 6: 1097.

Journal article
Published: 23 February 2021 in Journal of Hydrology
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Soil is the largest organic carbon pool in the terrestrial biosphere, and a small variation of soil organic carbon (SOC) can substantially affect the global carbon cycle and climate. Climate change is a major driver affecting the dynamics of SOC; however, our understanding about the responses of SOC in alpine ecosystems to climate change is quite limited. In particular, the differences of SOC dynamics at different depths were rarely reported. In this study, we investigated the impacts of precipitation variations and warming on SOC dynamics at both top and deep soils in the Qilian Mountains in Northwestern China using a machine learning approach and climate sensitivity experiments. Our simulation revealed the temporal inconsistency between topsoil SOC (in the top 20 cm, denoted as SOC20) and deeper soil SOC dynamics—SOC20 showed a decreasing trend since 2009 which is earlier than that (2012) in the top 100 cm soil (SOC100). We also found that SOC100 may be more sensitive to warming due to the strengthened microbial decomposition rate and additional carbon source through deepened active layer. On the contrary, SOC20 presented more intense responses to precipitation than SOC100, which was mainly attributed to the different responses of upland and lowland SOC to precipitation variations. Our projection indicated that SOC20 may not substantially change under future climate trajectories because the enriched SOC induced by increased precipitation may offset the carbon loss via warming. However, SOC100 was projected to decrease significantly due to the enhanced carbon emissions via warming induced strengthened decomposition rate, additional carbon source from the deepened active layer, and exposed soil carbon to the atmosphere caused by ground subsidence and disrupted soil horizons resulting from thawed frozen soil. In brief, this study deepened our understanding of the mechanism of climate effect on SOC dynamics and can be helpful for regional soil ecological security assessment and risk projection.

ACS Style

Huiwen Li; Yiping Wu; Ji Chen; Fubo Zhao; Fan Wang; Yuzhu Sun; Guangchuang Zhang; Linjing Qiu. Responses of soil organic carbon to climate change in the Qilian Mountains and its future projection. Journal of Hydrology 2021, 596, 126110 .

AMA Style

Huiwen Li, Yiping Wu, Ji Chen, Fubo Zhao, Fan Wang, Yuzhu Sun, Guangchuang Zhang, Linjing Qiu. Responses of soil organic carbon to climate change in the Qilian Mountains and its future projection. Journal of Hydrology. 2021; 596 ():126110.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Huiwen Li; Yiping Wu; Ji Chen; Fubo Zhao; Fan Wang; Yuzhu Sun; Guangchuang Zhang; Linjing Qiu. 2021. "Responses of soil organic carbon to climate change in the Qilian Mountains and its future projection." Journal of Hydrology 596, no. : 126110.

Journal article
Published: 06 January 2021 in Remote Sensing
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Gross primary production (GPP) determines the amounts of carbon and energy that enter terrestrial ecosystems. However, the tremendous uncertainty of the GPP still hinders the reliability of GPP estimates and therefore understanding of the global carbon cycle. In this study, using observations from global eddy covariance (EC) flux towers, we appraised the performance of 24 widely used GPP models and the quality of major spatial data layers that drive the models. Results show that global GPP products generated by the 24 models varied greatly in means (from 92.7 to 178.9 Pg C yr−1) and trends (from −0.25 to 0.84 Pg C yr−1). Model structure differences (i.e., light use efficiency models, machine learning models, and process-based biophysical models) are an important aspect contributing to the large uncertainty. In addition, various biases in currently available spatial datasets have found (e.g., only 57% of the observed variation in photosynthetically active radiation at the flux tower locations was explained by the spatial dataset), which not only affect GPP simulation but more importantly hinder the simulation and understanding of the earth system. Moving forward, research into the efficacy of model structures and precision of input data may be more important for global GPP estimation.

ACS Style

Zhao Wang; Shuguang Liu; Yingping Wang; Ruben Valbuena; Yiping Wu; Mykola Kutia; Yi Zheng; Weizhi Lu; Yu Zhu; Meifang Zhao; Xi Peng; Haiqiang Gao; Shuailong Feng; Yi Shi. Tighten the Bolts and Nuts on GPP Estimations from Sites to the Globe: An Assessment of Remote Sensing Based LUE Models and Supporting Data Fields. Remote Sensing 2021, 13, 168 .

AMA Style

Zhao Wang, Shuguang Liu, Yingping Wang, Ruben Valbuena, Yiping Wu, Mykola Kutia, Yi Zheng, Weizhi Lu, Yu Zhu, Meifang Zhao, Xi Peng, Haiqiang Gao, Shuailong Feng, Yi Shi. Tighten the Bolts and Nuts on GPP Estimations from Sites to the Globe: An Assessment of Remote Sensing Based LUE Models and Supporting Data Fields. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13 (2):168.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhao Wang; Shuguang Liu; Yingping Wang; Ruben Valbuena; Yiping Wu; Mykola Kutia; Yi Zheng; Weizhi Lu; Yu Zhu; Meifang Zhao; Xi Peng; Haiqiang Gao; Shuailong Feng; Yi Shi. 2021. "Tighten the Bolts and Nuts on GPP Estimations from Sites to the Globe: An Assessment of Remote Sensing Based LUE Models and Supporting Data Fields." Remote Sensing 13, no. 2: 168.

Original article
Published: 07 December 2020 in Applied Water Science
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In the modern era, vegetation dynamics is an important aspect of climate change studies. The present study examined spatiotemporal changes of (NDVI) normalized difference vegetation index in the Korama basin (Southern Zinder of Niger) from 2000 to 2018, and their correlation with climatic factors was predicted. To analyze the change of vegetation cover, geographical information system, MODIS_NDVI, remote sensing, and climate variables (e.g., temperature and precipitation) datasets were used. Further, the correlation was performed for different years of vegetation types during the growing season (June–October). Our results show an increasing trend in average maximum annual NDVI across the Korama River Basin in the years 2000 and 2018. Conversely, significantly increasing trends in most of the areas were reported. Moreover, in downstream the vegetation cover is increased in Matameye and Magaria, but with a smaller increase in the upstream rate in Mirriah. Furthermore, a decrease in the surface water was observed in the Tessaoua, Matameye, and Magaria sections of the study region in 2000 and 2018, while a rise in water surface area was observed in Matameye and Magaria in the years 2006 and 2012. During rainy and dry seasons, NDVI correlated differently with temperature and precipitation with strong seasonal variations, while the mean vegetation period of NDVI does not show any significant change. In addition, moderate increase was observed in years 2000 and 2012 (r: 0.22; P: 0.50; R2: 0.05; r: 0.31; P: 0.34, R2: 0.10, respectively), and weak decrease in 2006 and 2018 (r: 0.61; P: 0.04; R2: 0.37; r: 0.58; P: 0.06, R2:0.33, respectively). The analysis indicates that climatic parameters such as precipitation and temperature are the main limiting factors affecting the vegetation growth. Indeed, the trends calculated by the correlation analysis showed that as climate factors increased (July, August, and September), the NDVI value increased at a rate of 0.16, reflecting the best growth in vegetation and rise in water bodies, although significantly decreased during years. This study would be highly useful in choice-making for sustainable water resource management in the Korama watershed in Southern Zinder, Niger.

ACS Style

Mohamed Adou Sidi Almouctar; Yiping Wu; Amit Kumar; Fubo Zhao; Koroma John Mambu; Mohammed Sadek. Spatiotemporal analysis of vegetation cover changes around surface water based on NDVI: a case study in Korama basin, Southern Zinder, Niger. Applied Water Science 2020, 11, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Mohamed Adou Sidi Almouctar, Yiping Wu, Amit Kumar, Fubo Zhao, Koroma John Mambu, Mohammed Sadek. Spatiotemporal analysis of vegetation cover changes around surface water based on NDVI: a case study in Korama basin, Southern Zinder, Niger. Applied Water Science. 2020; 11 (1):1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohamed Adou Sidi Almouctar; Yiping Wu; Amit Kumar; Fubo Zhao; Koroma John Mambu; Mohammed Sadek. 2020. "Spatiotemporal analysis of vegetation cover changes around surface water based on NDVI: a case study in Korama basin, Southern Zinder, Niger." Applied Water Science 11, no. 1: 1-14.

Journal article
Published: 25 November 2020 in Journal of Hydrology
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Land use change is one of the dominant driving factors of hydrological change at the watershed scale. Thus, understanding the hydrological responses to land use changes can facilitate development of sustainable water resource management. The land use of the Wei River (the largest tributary of the Yellow River) Basin (WRB) has changed greatly due to the large-scale ecological restoration program in the Chinese Loess Plateau (e.g., grain-for-green program), causing dramatic impacts on the water cycle. This study was to simulate the impacts of land use and land cover change (LUCC) on the key hydrological components, using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). We investigated the spatiotemporal changes of LUCC from 1980 to 2010 in terms of four sub-regions (i.e., three subbasins and one mid-downstream area) and three landforms (i.e., mountain, hill, and plain), respectively. Then, we quantified the spatial heterogeneity of hydrological responses to land use change scenarios. Our LUCC analysis showed that cropland declined by about 0.8%, from 58,776 km2 in 1980 to 57,519 km2 in 2010, whereas the forest and grassland areas correspondingly increased 552 km2 and 16 km2, respectively. The urban area changed more dramatically in the middle and lower reaches of the Wei River owing to the faster socioeconomic development in this region than the rest areas. In mountain area, the main types of land use were forest and grassland, and the main transformation was from cropland to forest land and grassland. The area of cropland in plain could be over 50%, and it was mainly converted to urban land. The hydrological simulation indicated that LUCC from 1980 to 2010 caused 5.3% of decrease in the water yield and 6.2% increase in soil water content, but there was nearly no change in evapotranspiration (ET). Scenarios about slopping land use conversion (SLC) program showed that the conversion of cropland to grassland or forest (i.e., grain-for-green) resulted in negative effects on soil water content and water yield, with a greater effect by the reforestation. In addition, we found that the change of ET was clear in areas where cropland with slope > 15° was converted to grassland or forest, suggesting slope is also an important factor for hydrological responses to LUCC. This study can provide valuable decision support for land use planning and water resources protection in the WRB.

ACS Style

Jingyi Hu; Yiping Wu; Lijing Wang; Pengcheng Sun; Fubo Zhao; Zhangdong Jin; Yunqiang Wang; Linjing Qiu; Yanqing Lian. Impacts of land-use conversions on the water cycle in a typical watershed in the southern Chinese Loess Plateau. Journal of Hydrology 2020, 593, 125741 .

AMA Style

Jingyi Hu, Yiping Wu, Lijing Wang, Pengcheng Sun, Fubo Zhao, Zhangdong Jin, Yunqiang Wang, Linjing Qiu, Yanqing Lian. Impacts of land-use conversions on the water cycle in a typical watershed in the southern Chinese Loess Plateau. Journal of Hydrology. 2020; 593 ():125741.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jingyi Hu; Yiping Wu; Lijing Wang; Pengcheng Sun; Fubo Zhao; Zhangdong Jin; Yunqiang Wang; Linjing Qiu; Yanqing Lian. 2020. "Impacts of land-use conversions on the water cycle in a typical watershed in the southern Chinese Loess Plateau." Journal of Hydrology 593, no. : 125741.

Journal article
Published: 30 October 2019 in Ecological Engineering
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The Loess Plateau (LP) in China is among the most seriously eroded areas on the earth. However, dramatic reduction of sediment load to rivers/tributaries on the LP has been observed, causing a record low level of sediment in the main channel of the Yellow River. Quantitative attribution of such a remarkable reduction in streamflow and sediment is important for designing sustainable watershed management strategies in the changing environment. This study used a typical loess watershed, the Zhou River, to quantitatively attribute the reduction of streamflow and sediment to climate variation, land use change characterized by revegetation, and landscape engineering measures (e.g., check-dams). In this study, we used the physically-based Soil and Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) and data covering 1971–2016 with the first 26 years (1971–1996) as the baseline period (1996 is the change-point year) and the remaining 20 years (1997–2016) as the changing period. The results suggested that streamflow and sediment load of the Zhou River Basin decreased by over 50% and 80%, respectively, since the change-point year 1996. The changing period (1997–2016) was further divided into two distinct periods in terms of the reduction rate of streamflow and sediment—a dramatic decrease from 1997 to 2006 (P1) and a mild decrease from 2007 to 2016 (P2). The attribution results showed that the landscape engineering measures were mainly responsible for both the streamflow and sediment load reduction for the last two decades, with an increasing contribution in streamflow reduction from 54.4% in P1 to 94.7% in P2 and no substantial change on sediment load reduction (61.6% in P1 to 62.8% in P2). Land use change was the second important contributor to sediment load reduction, and its contribution nearly doubled for the last two decades, from 23.0% in P1 to 41.8% in P2. However, the effects of climate variation on both streamflow and sediment load reduction varied greatly for the two decades. More interestingly, both land use change and landscape engineering measures, especially the latter, led to an increasing cost of water (i.e., reduced water availability) for sediment load control, alerting further expansion of these measures considering the conflict between water and sediment. Overall, this study has important implications for formulating the sustainable management strategies in this region.

ACS Style

Pengcheng Sun; Yiping Wu; Xiaohua Wei; Bellie Sivakumar; Linjing Qiu; Xingmin Mu; Ji Chen; Jianen Gao. Quantifying the contributions of climate variation, land use change, and engineering measures for dramatic reduction in streamflow and sediment in a typical loess watershed, China. Ecological Engineering 2019, 142, 105611 .

AMA Style

Pengcheng Sun, Yiping Wu, Xiaohua Wei, Bellie Sivakumar, Linjing Qiu, Xingmin Mu, Ji Chen, Jianen Gao. Quantifying the contributions of climate variation, land use change, and engineering measures for dramatic reduction in streamflow and sediment in a typical loess watershed, China. Ecological Engineering. 2019; 142 ():105611.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pengcheng Sun; Yiping Wu; Xiaohua Wei; Bellie Sivakumar; Linjing Qiu; Xingmin Mu; Ji Chen; Jianen Gao. 2019. "Quantifying the contributions of climate variation, land use change, and engineering measures for dramatic reduction in streamflow and sediment in a typical loess watershed, China." Ecological Engineering 142, no. : 105611.

Journal article
Published: 18 October 2019 in Water
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The temporal and spatial differentiation of the underlying surface in East Asia is complex. Due to a lack of meteorological observation data, human cognition and understanding of the surface processes (runoff, snowmelt, soil moisture, water production, etc.) in the area have been greatly limited. With the Heihe River Basin, a poorly gauged region in the cold region of Western China, selected as the study area, three meteorological datasets are evaluated for their suitability to drive the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT): China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT model (CMADS), Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), and Traditional Weather Station (TWS). Resultingly, (1) the runoff output of CMADS + SWAT mode is generally better than that of the other two modes (CFSR + SWAT and TWS + SWAT) and the monthly and daily Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency ranges of the CMADS + SWAT mode are 0.75–0.95 and 0.58–0.77, respectively; (2) the CMADS + SWAT and TWS + SWAT results were fairly similar to the actual data (especially for precipitation and evaporation), with the results produced by CMADS + SWAT lower than those produced by TWS + SWAT; (3) the CMADS + SWAT mode has a greater ability to reproduce water balance than the other two modes. Overestimation of CFSR precipitation results in greater error impact on the uncertainty output of the model, whereas the performances of CMADS and TWS are more similar. This study addresses the gap in the study of surface processes by CMADS users in Western China and provides an important scientific basis for analyzing poorly gauged regions in East Asia.

ACS Style

Xianyong Meng; Xuesong Zhang; Mingxiang Yang; Hao Wang; Ji Chen; Zhihua Pan; Yiping Wu. Application and Evaluation of the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT Model (CMADS) in Poorly Gauged Regions in Western China. Water 2019, 11, 2171 .

AMA Style

Xianyong Meng, Xuesong Zhang, Mingxiang Yang, Hao Wang, Ji Chen, Zhihua Pan, Yiping Wu. Application and Evaluation of the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT Model (CMADS) in Poorly Gauged Regions in Western China. Water. 2019; 11 (10):2171.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xianyong Meng; Xuesong Zhang; Mingxiang Yang; Hao Wang; Ji Chen; Zhihua Pan; Yiping Wu. 2019. "Application and Evaluation of the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT Model (CMADS) in Poorly Gauged Regions in Western China." Water 11, no. 10: 2171.

Journal article
Published: 27 September 2019 in Environmental Modelling & Software
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Understanding the spatiotemporal evolution of drought is vital for effective water resources management especially in arid and semi-arid regions and under climate change. In this study, we developed the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)-based drought evaluation tool and used it to investigate the spatiotemporal change of drought and its driving factors over the past 50 years (1965–2014) in a typical semi-arid area, the Wei River Basin, in the Loess Plateau. The temporal trend analysis of precipitation showed an intensified hydrological cycle with a longer dry interval, and the substantially decreased wind speed resulted in a significant decrease in the evapotranspiration and a slight increase in the soil water content. The spatiotemporal analysis of drought identified the vulnerable areas and indicated that spring drought was exacerbating. Overall, this study can be informative and valuable for the drought assessment and disaster alleviation in the Loess Plateau area.

ACS Style

Shengnan Zhang; Yiping Wu; Bellie Sivakumar; Xingmin Mu; Fubo Zhao; Pengcheng Sun; Yuzhu Sun; Linjing Qiu; Ji Chen; Xianyong Meng; Jichang Han. Climate change-induced drought evolution over the past 50 years in the southern Chinese Loess Plateau. Environmental Modelling & Software 2019, 122, 104519 .

AMA Style

Shengnan Zhang, Yiping Wu, Bellie Sivakumar, Xingmin Mu, Fubo Zhao, Pengcheng Sun, Yuzhu Sun, Linjing Qiu, Ji Chen, Xianyong Meng, Jichang Han. Climate change-induced drought evolution over the past 50 years in the southern Chinese Loess Plateau. Environmental Modelling & Software. 2019; 122 ():104519.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shengnan Zhang; Yiping Wu; Bellie Sivakumar; Xingmin Mu; Fubo Zhao; Pengcheng Sun; Yuzhu Sun; Linjing Qiu; Ji Chen; Xianyong Meng; Jichang Han. 2019. "Climate change-induced drought evolution over the past 50 years in the southern Chinese Loess Plateau." Environmental Modelling & Software 122, no. : 104519.

Retraction note
Published: 18 September 2019 in Scientific Reports
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This paper has been retracted.

ACS Style

Xianyong Meng; Aihua Long; Yiping Wu; Gang Yin; Hao Wang; Xiaonan Ji. Retraction Note: Simulation and spatiotemporal pattern of air temperature and precipitation in Eastern Central Asia using RegCM. Scientific Reports 2019, 9, 1 -1.

AMA Style

Xianyong Meng, Aihua Long, Yiping Wu, Gang Yin, Hao Wang, Xiaonan Ji. Retraction Note: Simulation and spatiotemporal pattern of air temperature and precipitation in Eastern Central Asia using RegCM. Scientific Reports. 2019; 9 (1):1-1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xianyong Meng; Aihua Long; Yiping Wu; Gang Yin; Hao Wang; Xiaonan Ji. 2019. "Retraction Note: Simulation and spatiotemporal pattern of air temperature and precipitation in Eastern Central Asia using RegCM." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1: 1-1.

Journal article
Published: 03 September 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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Sediment in rivers is the dominant material source for ecosystems in lower reaches and estuaries, and it is undergoing large variations globally in recent decades. Though we have knowledge that human activities are greatly affecting land surface ecosystem processes and functions, the relationships between sediment transport regime and the intensifying human activities, are still poorly understood. This study was to investigate the changes of sediment transport regime due to the large-scale ecological restoration in the Middle Yellow River Basin (MYRB). In this study, we examined the change of the sediment rating curves using daily sediment load and streamflow data from 30 stations during time periods including pre- and post-ecological restoration in this region. We found the pair-relationship of the rating parameters (coefficient and exponent), denoted as coefficient-exponent pair-line, is a critical indicator that can detect the shift of sediment transport regime due to disturbed land surface conditions, though the changed hydrometeorological condition may just influence the absolute values of the rating parameters. Our analysis indicates there was a significant and interesting change of the sediment transport regime in the MYRB characterized by the consistent shift of the coefficient-exponent pair-line, together with an increasing exponent and a decreasing coefficient. This changed sediment transport regime can tell that sediment delivery would become lower for normal discharge conditions but potentially higher for extreme discharge conditions, and this phenomenon seems more distinct in relatively smaller watersheds, suggesting a higher risk of the potential high sediment delivery for extreme rainfall conditions especially for small watersheds. Our study would be informative and valuable to decision makers for sustainable watershed management in the MYRB when considering the changed sediment delivery.

ACS Style

Pengcheng Sun; Yiping Wu; Jianen Gao; Yingying Yao; Fubo Zhao; Xiaohui Lei; Linjing Qiu. Shifts of sediment transport regime caused by ecological restoration in the Middle Yellow River Basin. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 698, 134261 .

AMA Style

Pengcheng Sun, Yiping Wu, Jianen Gao, Yingying Yao, Fubo Zhao, Xiaohui Lei, Linjing Qiu. Shifts of sediment transport regime caused by ecological restoration in the Middle Yellow River Basin. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 698 ():134261.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pengcheng Sun; Yiping Wu; Jianen Gao; Yingying Yao; Fubo Zhao; Xiaohui Lei; Linjing Qiu. 2019. "Shifts of sediment transport regime caused by ecological restoration in the Middle Yellow River Basin." Science of The Total Environment 698, no. : 134261.

Review article
Published: 23 August 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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The water and carbon cycles are tightly linked and play a key role in the material and energy flows between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere, but the interactions of water and carbon cycles are not quite clear. The global climate change and intensive human activities could also complicate the water and carbon coupling processes. Better understanding the coupled water-carbon cycles and their spatiotemporal evolution can inform management and decision-making efforts regarding carbon uptake, food production, water resources, and climate change. The integration of remote sensing and numeric modeling is an attractive approach to address the challenge. Remote sensing can provide extensive data for a number of variables at regional scale and support models, whereas process-based modeling can facilitate investigating the processes that remote sensing cannot well handle (e.g., below-ground and lateral material movement) and backcast/forecast the impacts of environmental change. Over the past twenty years, an increasing number of studies using a variety of remote sensing products together with numeric models have examined the water-carbon interactions. This article reviewed the methodologies for integrating remote sensing data into these models and the modeling of water-carbon coupling processes. We first summarized the major remote sensing datasets and models used for studying the coupled water-carbon cycles. We then provided an overview of the methods for integrating remote sensing data into water-carbon models, and discussed their strengths and challenges. We also prospected the development of potential new remote sensing datasets, modeling methods, and their potential applications in the field of eco-hydrology.

ACS Style

Pengcheng Sun; Yiping Wu; Jingfeng Xiao; Jinyu Hui; Jingyi Hu; Fubo Zhao; Linjing Qiu; Shuguang Liu. Remote sensing and modeling fusion for investigating the ecosystem water-carbon coupling processes. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 697, 134064 .

AMA Style

Pengcheng Sun, Yiping Wu, Jingfeng Xiao, Jinyu Hui, Jingyi Hu, Fubo Zhao, Linjing Qiu, Shuguang Liu. Remote sensing and modeling fusion for investigating the ecosystem water-carbon coupling processes. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 697 ():134064.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pengcheng Sun; Yiping Wu; Jingfeng Xiao; Jinyu Hui; Jingyi Hu; Fubo Zhao; Linjing Qiu; Shuguang Liu. 2019. "Remote sensing and modeling fusion for investigating the ecosystem water-carbon coupling processes." Science of The Total Environment 697, no. : 134064.

Journal article
Published: 18 July 2019 in Ecological Indicators
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Index system is a vital tool for evaluating the ecological environment. In this study, we present a version of ecological hierarchy network (EHN) called “ecological-factor conceptual framework” for the organization of index system. This conceptual framework divides the complex ecological environment into four subsystems that all have explicit definitions or ranges, namely climate factors, soil-terrain factors, biology resource factors and human factors. Our framework makes the selection of indices more explicit and based on science, as well as more representative. Using the ecological-factor conceptual framework, we established an evaluation index system for the upper Hanjiang River in Shaanxi province, China. The index system contained fourteen indicators, such as average annual precipitation, elevation, biological abundance index, net primary productivity (NPP), highway net density and industrial wastewater emission. The ecological environment was comprehensively evaluated using spatial principal component analysis (SPCA). In addition, we used the matrix of principal components to quantitatively analyze the driving forces that affected the ecological environment. The results show that Hanzhong Downtown and Chenggu County had poor ecological environment with ecological environment index (EEI) values of −0.1459 and 0.3506, respectively. Areas that were rated as moderate, high and very high accounted for 86.07% of the study area. We found that human factors were the most important factors driving the deterioration of the ecological environment in the study area.

ACS Style

Yue Chang; Kang Hou; Yiping Wu; Xuxiang Li; Jili Zhang. A conceptual framework for establishing the index system of ecological environment evaluation–A case study of the upper Hanjiang River, China. Ecological Indicators 2019, 107, 105568 .

AMA Style

Yue Chang, Kang Hou, Yiping Wu, Xuxiang Li, Jili Zhang. A conceptual framework for establishing the index system of ecological environment evaluation–A case study of the upper Hanjiang River, China. Ecological Indicators. 2019; 107 ():105568.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yue Chang; Kang Hou; Yiping Wu; Xuxiang Li; Jili Zhang. 2019. "A conceptual framework for establishing the index system of ecological environment evaluation–A case study of the upper Hanjiang River, China." Ecological Indicators 107, no. : 105568.