The use of zygomatic implants in the prosthetic rehabilitation of the patient with severe maxillary bone atrophy is another therapeutic alternative, not exempt from complications. The main objective of this review is to analyze and describe the most frequent surgical complications associated with the use of zygomatic implants. An electronic database search on PubMed, along with a manual search, without taking into account date nor language, was undertaken by two observers, selecting studies that comprised a study period from 6 to 12 months, any type of clinical trial, and series that included a follow-up and/or review period during the aforementioned margin, that mentioned at least two types of complications. Out of the initial search that yielded 455 studies, 67 were considered potentially relevant for the present study, out of which 14 were finally selected. Out of the most frequent surgical complications, sinusitis (3,9%) and failure in osseointegration (2,44%) are highlighted. The analysis of the results shows that the most frequent complications are sinusitis and failure in osseointegration of the zygomatic implant. However, a standardised data collection system for the data on complications is needed.

Purpose: To compare the release of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) and leucocyte platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) and to evaluate their biological implication in osteoblasts. Methods: Blood from 3 healthy volunteers was processed into PRGF, immediate L-PRF (L-PRF 0ʹ) and L-PRF 30 min after collection (L-PRF-30ʹ) and a control group. Growth factors release were analyzed at 7 times by ELISA. Cell proliferation, collagen-I synthesis and alkaline phosphatase activity were assessed in primary cultures of human osteoblasts. Results: A slower controlled release of IGF-I, VEGF and PDGF was observed in the PRGF group at day 14. A higher synthesis of type I collagen was also quantified in PRGF. L-PRF released significantly higher amounts of IL-1β, that was almost absent in the PRGF. Conclusions: The addition of leukocytes dramatically increases the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, which are likely to negatively influence the synthesis of type I collagen and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by osteoblasts.

Aim: Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous blood‐derived material that has been used to enhance bone regeneration. Clinical studies, however, reported inconsistent outcomes. This study aimed to assess the effect of changes in leucocyte and PRP (L‐PRP) composition on bone defect healing.Materials and Methods: L‐PRPs were prepared using different centrifugation methods and their regenerative potential was assessed in an in‐vivo rat model. Bilateral critical‐size tibial bone defects were created and filled with single‐spin L‐PRP, double‐spin L‐PRP, or filtered L‐PRP. Empty defects and defects treated with collagen scaffolds served as controls. Rats were euthanized after 2 weeks, and their tibias were collected and analysed using micro‐CT and histology.Results: Double‐spin L‐PRP contained higher concentrations of platelets than single‐spin L‐PRP and filtered L‐PRP. Filtration of single‐spin L‐PRP resulted in lower concentrations of minerals and metabolites. In vivo, double‐spin L‐PRP improved bone healing by significantly reducing the size of bone defects (1.08 ± 0.2 mm³) compared to single‐spin L‐PRP (1.42 ± 0.27 mm³) or filtered L‐PRP (1.38 ± 0.28 mm³). There were fewer mast cells, lymphocytes, and macrophages in defects treated with double‐spin L‐PRP than in those treated with single‐spin or filtered L‐PRP.Conclusion: The preparation method of L‐PRP affects their composition and potential to regenerate bone.

Background: The professional Burnout Syndrome (BOS) or Burnout is considered a professional disease made up of three interrelated dimensions (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and lack of personal fulfillment). BOS has been documented to most severely affect the healthcare professions, especially dentists. On the other hand, its appearance has been documented at an early age, during dental training. However, there are no studies that analyze its incidence in professionals dedicated to Oral Surgery and Implantology, determining the age of onset and related factors. Material and Methods: The modified Maslach questionnaire was carried out anonymously among the professors and students of the Master of Oral Surgery and Implantology at the Complutense University of Madrid. A total of 36 participants were enrolled in this study and the results of the modified Maslach Questionnaire were established into four groups [1st year (n=6), 2nd year (n=6), 3rd year (n=6) postgraduate students and clinical teachers (n=18)]. The following variables were recorded: Age, sex, years of experience, weekly hours of work, dedication on weekends and scope of work. The statistical analysis performed included Pearson's correlation, analysis of variance, Student's t-test, F-Anova, Chi-Square and Gamma correlation. Statistical Significance of the tests was established of p <= 0.05. Results: 36 questionnaires were analyzed, of which 22.2% (n = 8) presented BOS, and 77.8% (n = 28) a medium risk of suffering it. The mean values and standard deviation of emotional exhaustion (7.50 +/- 2.43; 9.83 +/- 4.12; 15.83 +/- 6.21; 30.22 +/- 7.86), depersonalization (5.50 +/- 1.23; 50 +/- 3.27; 11.33 +/- 1.75; 17.56 +/- 4.13), low personal fulfillment (39.67 +/- 3.72; 39.33 +/- 2.34; 43.17 +/- 3, 55; 37.33 +/- 5.51) and professional burnout (54.33 +/- 2.66; 61.67 +/- 2.88; 70.33 +/- 5.43; 85.11 +/- 9.05) in the four groups respectively. A significant association was found in the appearance of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, years of experience, weekly work hours and the work environment. Conclusions: BOS is a disease that can appear from 30 years of age, after 5 years of professional experience and when there is a clinical consultation of 40 hours a week. Oral Surgery and Implantology seems to be a risk activity for the manifestation of depersonalization.

Congenital third molar (3M) agenesis is a common dental anomaly associated with genetic, epigenetic, and craniofacial growth factors. Evidence regarding its prevalence across populations and its relationship with sagittal and vertical growth patterns remains limited. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of 3M agenesis in Spanish and Peruvian samples and analyze its association with craniofacial growth patterns. A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in 1191 patients aged 10–14 years (348 Spanish, 843 Peruvian). 3M agenesis was assessed on digital panoramic radiographs. Sagittal and vertical growth patterns were evaluated using Steiner’s cephalometric analysis (ANB and GoGn–SN angles). Overall, 3M agenesis prevalence was 25.1%, with no difference between the Spanish (25.0%) and Peruvian (25.15%) groups. A non-significant trend toward higher prevalence was observed in Spanish females. 3M agenesis was more frequent in maxillary than mandibular 3M (16.8% vs. 10.2%; p < 0.001). Growth patterns differed between populations, with Class I and normodivergent patterns predominating in Spanish subjects, and Class II and hyperdivergent patterns in Peruvians (p < 0.001). No significant associations were found between 3M agenesis and sagittal or vertical growth patterns (p > 0.05), although Class II patients exhibited a higher prevalence of mandibular 3M agenesis (14.8% vs. 10.8%; p = 0.04). 3M agenesis showed similar prevalence in both populations and was not associated with craniofacial growth patterns, except for mandibular 3M agenesis in Class II patients, suggesting a multifactorial etiology driven by genetic and developmental factors rather than demographic or skeletal variables. It should be noted, however, that the cross-sectional nature of the study, the recruitment of patients from university dental clinics, and the absence of multivariate regression analysis limit both the generalizability and the causal interpretation of the findings.