Islamic social finance has yet to match the rapid growth of the Islamic commercial finance sector. However, the two sectors’ integration has been effective in addressing various economic and social issues confronting the Ummah (people). This study aims to survey and map the literature on the integration of Islamic social and commercial finance (IISCF) between 1979 and 2023 to better understand the implementation of this driving force in supporting the various needs of people and the economy. The originality of this research stems from its methodology of combining a systematic literature review and bibliographic mapping to investigate research trends, major topics of interest, critical lessons learned, and propose a conceptual framework to guide future research opportunities on the IISCF theme. The study found that the proposed model is the most discussed topic in the available research on IISCF (49.43 %), followed by integration practice and impact (24.14 %), issues and challenges (16.09 %), and behaviour (10.34 %), respectively. Waqf asset development and entrepreneurship are two dominant sub-topics discussed in the proposed model topic, thus indicating the critical purpose of integration: to achieve the sustainability and broader welfare of the Ummah. Further, the current research shows that IISCF is increasingly in demand, while the application of technology is simultaneously becoming more prominent in supporting integration. This study contributes to the enrichment of Islamic finance theory and the mapping of IISCF over the last 50 years. From a practical standpoint, the study results can be used to improve and determine the future strategies required for a more effective IISCF, which will be carried out globally by many stakeholders, particularly the government, related regulators, the Islamic finance industry, academics, and the Muslim community.

Indonesia is a promising market for the Islamic finance industry since most of the population is Muslim. However, the growth of Islamic finance in Indonesia is still low. Therefore, Islamic financial literacy needs to be improved in order to grow the Islamic finance industry significantly. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that enhance Islamic financial literacy among college students in Indonesia. The development of validated constructs for Islamic financial literacy is important because conventional financial literacy might contain some elements that are not compatible with Islamic financial principles. This study also measures the level of Islamic financial literacy and its relationship with socio-demographic characteristics using multilinear regression. Furthermore, the relationship between Islamic financial literacy and the possession of Islamic financial products is observed by logistic regression. The determinant factors are perception, attitude and behaviour, and knowledge. The study found that type of educational institution, Islamic finance course experience, being educated to Master’s degree level, having one’s own income, and having an income above five million have a significant relationship with the Islamic financial literacy of college students. The factors that have a significant relationship with the possession of Islamic financial products are Islamic financial literacy, choice of major, Islamic finance course experience, and monthly income above five million. This research attempts to provide an Islamic financial literacy measurement through exploratory factor analysis. The development of a validated instrument for an Islamic financial literacy index and its determinant factors is our scientific and practical contribution to the literature on Islamic financial literacy in Indonesia.

Background: It is critical to understand the factors that could affect the acceptance of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine in the community. The aim of this study was to determine factors that could possibly affect the acceptance of Indonesian citizens of COVID-19 vaccination using a Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), a model how users come to accept and use a technology. Methods: An online survey was conducted between the first and fifth of November, 2020. Participants were asked to respond to questions on acceptance, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived religiosity towards, and amount of information about COVID-19. This study used the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as the framework to decide factors that affect vaccine acceptance. Structural Equation Model was employed to assess the correlation between all explanatory variables and vaccine acceptance. Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis rank were employed to assess demographic factors associated with acceptance. Results: In total, 311 responses were included for analysis. Our TAM model suggested that high perceived usefulness significantly increased COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and high perceived ease of use significantly increased the perceived usefulness. Perceived religiosity did not substantially affect vaccine acceptance. The amount of information on COVID-19 also did not significantly affect vaccine acceptance. Our data suggested that vaccine acceptance was associated with age, type of occupation, marital status and monthly income to some degree. Conclusion: Since perceived usefulness affects vaccine acceptance, the government should focus on the usefulness of the vaccine when promoting the COVID-19 vaccine to Indonesian citizens. In addition, since perceived ease of use significantly affects users’ acceptance to COVID-19 vaccine, the easier to acquire the vaccine in the community, the higher chance that the citizens are willing to be vaccinated.

Background: It is critical to understand the factors that could affect the acceptance of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine in the community. The aim of this study was to determine factors that could possibly affect the acceptance of Indonesian citizens of COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: An online survey was conducted between the first and fifth of November, 2020. Participants were asked to respond to questions on acceptance, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived religiosity towards, and amount of information about COVID-19. This study used the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as the framework to decide factors that affect vaccine acceptance. Structural Equation Model was employed to assess the correlation between all explanatory variables and vaccine acceptance. Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis rank were employed to assess demographic factors associated with acceptance. Results: In total, 311 responses were included for analysis. Our TAM model suggested that high perceived usefulness significantly increased COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and high perceived ease of use significantly increased the perceived usefulness. Perceived religiosity did not substantially affect vaccine acceptance. The amount of information on COVID-19 also did not significantly affect vaccine acceptance. Our data suggested that vaccine acceptance was associated with age, type of occupation, marital status and monthly income to some degree. Conclusion: Since perceived usefulness affects vaccine acceptance, the government should focus on the usefulness of the vaccine when promoting the COVID-19 vaccine to Indonesian citizens. In addition, since perceived ease of use significantly affects users’ acceptance to COVID-19 vaccine, the easier to acquire the vaccine in the community, the higher chance that the citizens are willing to be vaccinated.

Branchless banking agent business is growing in many developing countries. Agents are an extension of financial services providers to serve the last mile customers. We adopted the framework of satisfaction theory to analyze the satisfaction and business continuity of branchless banking agents. Our research data were collected using computer-assisted personal interviews (CAPI) from 768 branchless banking agents in Indonesia. Small business success factors are used to determine our hypotheses. Structural equation modelling (SEM) and descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. In-depth analysis was performed to assess business viability using business model canvas (BMC). Apart from financial factors, non-financial factors were also found to have influences on business owners’ satisfaction. Social contribution is one of the reasons for them to become bank agents, which is to channel social assistance programmes. We recommend financial services providers to improve agents’ skills in serving customers and to provide monthly target transactions. Finally, the reliability of supporting infrastructure, especially the Internet network and the system or applications used by agents, is required for the sustainability of this business.

Continuous effort to strengthen the integration of Islamic commercial finance and Islamic social finance becomes salient. The use of waqf (Islamic endowment) assets for various sector and infrastructure development, which is supported by technological advancement, can also help the economy recover, particularly in the current economic downturn caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. Unfortunately, waqf-based entrepreneurs who contribute significantly to the sustainability of waqf benefits continue to face significant difficulties in obtaining capital for the development of waqf assets. Based on a review of the existing literature and findings from case study through in-depth interviews with selected respondents, the study aims to propose a direct financing model for waqf-based entrepreneurs by empowering affluent Muslim potentials through Islamic banks. There are five (5) fundamental criteria considered as strategic for the integration model to successfully empower waqf-based entrepreneurship in Indonesia, namely continuous literacy and education on contemporary waqf, transformation of regulatory and management transparency, improvement of the professionalism and business capacity of the waqf-based entrepreneurs, synergy and collaboration among stakeholders, and integrated and reliable infrastructure.