In 2014, the chikungunya virus reached Colombia for the first time, resulting in a nationwide epidemic. The objective of this study was to describe the demographics and clinical characteristics of suspected chikungunya cases. Chikungunya infection was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and 548 patients where included in the study. Of these patients, 295 were positive for antibodies against chikungunya (53.8%), and 27.6% (151/295) were symptomatic for chikungunya infection, with a symptomatic:asymptomatic ratio of 1.04:1. Factors associated with infection included low income and low socio-economic strata (odds ratio [OR]: 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0–3.2, p = 0.003 and OR: 2.1; CI: 1.3–3.4, p = 0.002, respectively). Confirmed symptomatic cases were associated with symmetric arthritis (OR: 11.7; CI: 6.0–23.0, p < 0.001) of ankles (OR: 8.5; CI: 3.5–20.9, p < 0.001), hands (OR: 8.5; CI: 3.5–20.9, p < 0.001), feet (OR: 6.5; CI: 2.8–15.3, p < 0.001), and wrists (OR: 17.3; CI: 2.3–130.5, p < 0.001). Our study showed that poverty is associated with chikungunya infection. Public health strategies to prevent and control chikungunya should focus on poorer communities that are more vulnerable to infection. The rate of asymptomatic infections among confirmed cases was 48.8%. However, those with symptoms displayed a characteristic rheumatic clinical picture, which could help differentiate chikungunya infection from other endemic viral diseases.

Pandoraea pnomenusa is a Gram-negative bacterium of the Pandoraea genus and is mainly associated with the colonization of structurally abnormal airways. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many microorganisms have been associated with coinfection and superinfection in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, but so far, no coinfection or superinfection by P. pnomenusa has been reported. We present the first case describing this association in a previously healthy patient. Clinical manifestations, treatment, and outcomes are shown.

Chromobacterium violaceum is a facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative rod found in different ecosystems, especially tropical and subtropical areas. Human infections are rare, and just a few cases have been reported in literature. In this paper, we present the first non-lethal infection due to Chromobacterium violaceum, in an adult male with polycystic kidney disease in Colombia. Periareolar soft tissue infection was documented with isolation of Chromobacterium violaceum. Clinical manifestations, treatment, and outcome are shown.

Acinetobacter ursingii is an anaerobic gram negative opportunistic coccobacillus, rarely isolated in bacteremic patients. It is mainly found in immunocompromised and severely ill patients with no identifiable source of infection. When isolated into the bloodstream, it usually displays resistance to at least two antimicrobial agents. To date only seven cases of bacteremia due to this microorganism have been reported in adults, of which, this accounts for the second one associated to renal replacement therapy and the first case of a documented catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) in a patient with a hemodialysis catheter. A 78-year-old male presented into the emergency department with acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis, later developing bacteremia due to Acinetobacter ursingii.

Antibiotic resistance is a major public health problem worldwide, because it increases morbidity and mortality to a large number of pathologies, being responsible for 700,000 deaths per year. It is estimated that by 2050 it will account for up to 10 million deaths per year, becoming the leading cause of mortality over cardiovascular disease and cancer. This discouraging panorama has prompted the research on new antimicrobials, some of which, such as ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI), have already been introduced into clinical practice. CAZ-AVI is a combination of a third generation cephalosporin and a new non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor active against multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (MDR), which, due to its high efficacy and low incidence of adverse effects, has been approved for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections, complicated intra-abdominal infections and ventilator-associated pneumonia. A narrative review of the literature was carried out covering the main topics related to this antimicrobial, as well as what has been reported so far in our country. La resistencia antibiótica es un gran problema de salud pública a nivel mundial, debido a que aumenta la morbimortalidad por un gran número de patologías, es el responsable de 700.000 muertes por año, y que se estima que para el año 2050 puede alcanzar cifras de hasta 10 millones de muertes por año, llegando a ser la primera causa de mortalidad por encima de las enfermedades cardiovasculares y el cáncer. Este panorama desalentador ha impulsado la investigación de nuevos antimicrobianos, algunos de los cuales, como ceftazidima-avibactam (CAZ-AVI), ya han sido introducidos en la práctica clínica. CAZ-AVI es una combinación de una cefalosporina de tercera generación y un nuevo inhibidor de β-lactamasa activo contra bacterias gram-negativas multidrogorresistentes (MDR) que, por su gran eficacia y baja incidencia de efectos adversos, ha sido aprobada para el tratamiento de infecciones complicadas del tracto urinario, infecciones intraabdominales complicadas y neumonía asociadas al ventilador. Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura abarcando los principales tópicos relacionados con este antimicrobiano, asi como lo reportado en hasta el momento en nuestro país

Introduction: The development of clinical prediction scales and their use can reduce under-diagnosis and increase early detection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The performance of clinical prediction scales in Colombia is unknown. The objective of this study is to evaluate the validity and reproducibility of the lung function questionnaire (LFQ) in Colombia. Method: A cross-sectional study was performed, with analysis of diagnostic validity and reliability in people over 40 years of age who underwent a spirometry test. The LFQ questionnaire was applied. To assess reproducibility, the test was carried out at two time points: first at the initial consultation; and then 1 day to 1 week after the previous application. Spirometry was performed immediately after the initial questionnaire, meeting the American Thoracic Society criteria. Results: Among the 1996 subjects included in the analysis, the average age was 65 years (SD: 11.97 years), prevalence of COPD was 21.3%, the intra-class correlation coefficient between the two time points was 0.844 (95% CI: 0.863–0.901) (p < 0.001), and kappa was 0.797 for the dichotomous outcome ≤18 COPD risk points (p < 0.001), validity analysis using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the population evaluated was 0.715 (95% CI: 0.685–0.745); the dichotomous outcome of the questionnaire ≤18 points was as follows: sensitivity – 91.18% (95% CI: 88.0–94.3); specificity – 32.41% (95% CI: 29.8–35.0); positive predictive value – 26.7% (95% CI: 24.1–29.3); negative predictive value – 93.15% (95% CI: 90.7–95.6); likelihood ratio (LR) +: 1.34 (95% CI: 1.28–1.42), LR– 0.27 (95% CI: 0.19–0.39); number needed to diagnose: 4; number needed to misdiagnose: 2 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The LFQ questionnaire has good performance for the diagnosis of COPD, especially in populations without previous respiratory symptoms or usual risk factors, optimising the use of spirometry to increase its detection.