Recycling of raw materials and is crucial for the production of new products for the global economy. The aim here is, on the one hand, to reduce energy consumption, and, on the other hand, to obtain materials with similar functional properties. The study undertook research on the possibility of processing AlSi11 aluminum chips by compaction and co-extruding to obtain a product in the form of a flat bar with mechanical properties not lower than those of the cast materials. The performed tests and the developed technique allowed to obtain flat bars with more favorable mechanical properties (Yield Strength YS ≥ 155 MPa; Ultimate Tensile Strength UTS ≥ 212 MPa) than the castings (YS ≥ 70 MPa ≥ 150 MPa). The weldability evaluation tests revealed that the material is susceptible to porosity. The presence of pores, which reduces the cross-section (up to 60%), reduces the tensile strength (up to 20 MPa). The typical joint structure and plasticity is obtained, which indicate the possibility of tensile strength improvement.

Materials were obtained from commercial zirconium powders. 1 mass%, 2.5 mass% and 16 mass% of niobium powders were used as the reinforcing phase. The SPS method and the extrusion method classified as the SPD method were used. Relative density materials of up to 98% were obtained. The microstructure of the sintered Zr-xNb materials differs from that of the extruded materials. Due to the flammability of zirconium powders, no mechanical alloying was used; only mixing of zirconium and niobium powders in water and isopropyl alcohol. Niobium was grouped in clusters with an average niobium particle size of about 10 μm up to 20 μm. According to the Zr-Nb phase equilibrium system, the stable phase at RT was the hexagonal α-phase. The tests were carried out for materials without the additional annealing process. The effect of niobium as a β-Zr phase stabilizer is confirmed by XRD. Materials differed in their phase composition, and for both methods the β-Zr phase was present in obtained materials. A very favorable effect of niobium on the increase in corrosion resistance was observed, compared to the material obtained from the powder without the addition of niobium.

This article presents a method of reusing aluminum scrap from alloy 6082 using the hot extrusion process. Aluminum chips from milling and turning processes, having different sizes and morphologies, were cold pressed into briquettes prior to hot pressing at 400 °C at a ram speed of 2 mm/s. The study of mechanical properties combined with observations of the microstructures, as well as tests of density, hardness and electrical conductivity were carried out. On the basis of the results, the possibility of using the plastic consolidation method and obtaining materials with similar to a solid ingot mechanical properties, density and electrical conductivity was proven. The possibility of modifying the surface of consolidated aluminum scrap was tested in processes examples: polishing, anodizing and coloring. For this purpose, a number of analyses and tests were carried out: comparison of colors on color histograms, roughness determination, SEM and chemical composition analysis. It has been proven there are differences in the surface treatment of the solid material and that of scrap consolidation, and as such, these differences may significantly affect the final quality.

Zr-2.5Cu and Zr-10Cu powder mixtures were consolidated in the extrusion process and using the spark plasma sintering technique. In these studies, material tests were carried out in the fields of phase composition, microstructure, hardness and tensile strength for Zr-Cu materials at room temperature (RT) and 400 °C. Fractography analysis of materials at room temperature and 400 °C was carried out. The research took into account the anisotropy of the materials obtained in the extrusion process. For the nonequilibrium SPS process, ZrCu₂ and Cu₁₀Zr₇ intermetallic compounds formed in the material at sintering temperature. Extruded materials were composed mainly of α-Zr and ZrCu₂. The presence of intermetallic compounds affected the reduction in the strength properties of the tested materials. The highest strength value of 205 MPa was obtained for the extruded Zr-2.5Cu, for which the samples were cut in the direction of extrusion. For materials with 10 wt.% copper, more participation of the intermetallic phase was formed, which lowered the mechanical properties of the obtained materials. In addition to brittle intermetallic phases, the materials were characterized by residual porosity, which also reduced the strength properties.

Metals with a hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structure such as magnesium, titanium and zirconium constitute key structural materials in the aerospace, automotive, biomedical and nuclear energy industries. Their welding and regeneration by conventional methods is hindered due to the limited number of slip systems, high reactivity and susceptibility to the formation of defects. Laser technologies offer precise energy control, minimization of the heat-affected zone and the possibility of producing joints and coatings of high quality. This article constitutes a comprehensive review of the state of knowledge concerning laser welding, cladding and regeneration of HCP metals. The physical mechanisms of laser beam interactions are discussed including the dynamics of the keyhole channel, Marangoni flows and the formation of gas defects. The characteristics of the microstructure of joints are presented including the formation of α′ martensite in titanium, phase segregation in magnesium and hydride formation in zirconium. Particular attention is devoted to residual stresses, techniques of cladding protective coatings for nuclear energy with Accident Tolerant Fuel (ATF) and advanced numerical modeling using artificial intelligence. The perspectives for the development of technology are indicated including the concept of the digital twin and intelligent real-time process control systems.

Condition monitoring of rotating machinery increasingly demands anomaly detection executed on the machine, under bounded computation, memory and delay. Compact one-class detectors built on learnable Sinc filter banks are candidates for such deployment, because their filters remain interpretable. How their design choices trade detection quality against those bounds under changing rotational speed has not been established. Interpretable Sinc filtering, speed dependence and edge deployment have been addressed separately, leaving the exchange between them open. The novelty of this work is a controlled comparative analysis of how the design parameters of such a detector influence detection performance, realized filter selectivity and estimated Edge AI requirements across different rotational speeds. Single-channel vibration acceleration was recorded under a nominal and a controlled eccentric-mass condition. Log-band-energy features were reconstructed by an autoencoder fitted on nominal data and five parameters were varied individually. Three findings were obtained. First, the parameter effects were strongly speed-dependent. Second, the parameters loaded different resources instead of a single complexity axis. The shortest kernel reduced computational cost by approximately 76% while producing a substantially wider realized passband. Third, the learned center frequencies occupied regions dominated by either condition and shifted nonmonotonically. Consequently, the filter bank did not simply converge on the strongest anomaly-related spectral regions or scale rigidly with rotational speed. Detector parameters therefore form distinct trade-offs set by the operating condition rather than a universal optimum, supporting comparison and configuration of detector architectures with respect to resource demands before validation on specific Edge AI hardware.