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In recent years, social and environmental conflicts concerning the aquaculture sector have increased. These conflicts arise from the different perception that individuals, collectives, private companies and the State have about the potential impacts of aquaculture on the environment and quality of life. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of aquaculture projects in Chile is the main administrative tool for decision-making, allowing identify, predict, and propose preventive measures to mitigate negative consequences of this growing sector. This article analyzes the performance of the EIA in Chile concerning aquaculture projects between 1994 and 2019. Of the 5323 projects entering the Chilean EIA during this period, the EIA system-performance analysis selected the 71 most representative. For a reliable comparative analysis, the selected projects were first classified in accordance with the active regulation within the period. Subsequently, 14 performance indicators were selected and similarities—by means of a principal coordinate analysis—were explored. Significant differences between the third (SD40) and the first two (SD30 and SD95) regulations were observed. Based on these results and considering demands of local communities and social leaders (who request continuous articulations among technical areas, administrative tools, and policies to increase the sustainability standards of aquaculture), four opportunities for improving the EIA in aquaculture projects are proposed: incorporation of synergistic and cumulative effects, adaptation to climate change, development of a general methodology, and incorporation of early citizen participation (in projects having environmental charge) increasing the performance and confidence of the EIA. The introduced methodology enables comparisons of the EIA process in different regulatory periods using indicators, serving as guidance to evaluate the performance of the EIA in aquaculture. This methodology can also be used by other aquaculture producing countries around the world.
Dante Rodríguez-Luna; Nuria Vela; Francisco Javier Alcalá; Francisco Encina-Montoya. The Environmental Impact Assessment in Aquaculture Projects in Chile: A Retrospective and Prospective Review Considering Cultural Aspects. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9006 .
AMA StyleDante Rodríguez-Luna, Nuria Vela, Francisco Javier Alcalá, Francisco Encina-Montoya. The Environmental Impact Assessment in Aquaculture Projects in Chile: A Retrospective and Prospective Review Considering Cultural Aspects. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9006.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDante Rodríguez-Luna; Nuria Vela; Francisco Javier Alcalá; Francisco Encina-Montoya. 2021. "The Environmental Impact Assessment in Aquaculture Projects in Chile: A Retrospective and Prospective Review Considering Cultural Aspects." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9006.
Background: Cannabis plants and their seed have been used in many cultures as a source of medicine and feeding during history. Today, there is an increasing demand for cannabis seeds for medical use. Moreover, a seed sales market with no legal regulations has also grown. This may pose some issues if a quality control is not set in place. Identification of cannabis strains is important for quality control purposes in a nonregulated growing market and in cases of illegal traffic and medical use. Owing to the high price as a pharmacological drug, commercial products of cannabis plants and seeds for medical users are often subjected to adulterations, either when packing or distributing certified seeds in the market.Materials and Methods: Cannabis commercial seeds and cannabis seeds for medical use were analyzed with high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis using barcoding markers. Humulus lupulus L. plants from a local market were used as outgroup control. DNA barcoding uses specific regions of the genome to identify differences in the genetic sequence of conserved regions such as internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and rbcL. DNA barcoding data can be generated with real-time polymerase chain reaction combined with HRM analysis to distinguish specific conserved DNA regions of closely related species. HRM analysis is the method of choice for rapid analysis of sequence variation.Results: The melting temperature (Tm) of homogeneous packages was consistent with single genotypes. However, packages containing contaminating seeds showed Tm differences of 0.2°C on average.Conclusions: An effective, rapid, and low-cost method based on ITS nuclear DNA and on chloroplast rbcL regions for screening and detection of contamination in commercial cannabis seeds was developed and applied for the analysis of different samples. This approach can be used as a quality control tool for cannabis seeds or other plant material.
Leonardo Anabalón; Jaime Solano; Francisco Encina-Montoya; Marco Bustos; Alejandra Figueroa; David Gangitano. Cannabis Seeds Authentication by Chloroplast and Nuclear DNA Analysis Coupled with High-Resolution Melting Method for Quality Control Purposes. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleLeonardo Anabalón, Jaime Solano, Francisco Encina-Montoya, Marco Bustos, Alejandra Figueroa, David Gangitano. Cannabis Seeds Authentication by Chloroplast and Nuclear DNA Analysis Coupled with High-Resolution Melting Method for Quality Control Purposes. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeonardo Anabalón; Jaime Solano; Francisco Encina-Montoya; Marco Bustos; Alejandra Figueroa; David Gangitano. 2021. "Cannabis Seeds Authentication by Chloroplast and Nuclear DNA Analysis Coupled with High-Resolution Melting Method for Quality Control Purposes." Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research , no. : 1.
Freshwater organisms are often sensitive to pesticides, but their sensitivity varies across different taxa and with pesticide type and action mode, as shown by multiple acute toxicity tests. Such variability hampers predictions about how freshwater ecosystems may be altered by pesticide toxicity, which is especially critical for understudied areas of the world such as the tropics. Furthermore, there is little information about the sensitivity of some organisms that are key components of stream food webs; this is the case of litter-feeding detritivorous invertebrates, which contribute to the fundamental process of litter decomposition. Here, we examined the sensitivity of three common detritivores [Anchytarsus sp. (Coleoptera: Ptilodactylidae), Hyalella sp. (Amphipoda: Hyalellidae) and Lepidostoma sp. (Trichoptera: Lepidostomatidae)] to three pesticides commonly used (the insecticides bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos and the fungicide chlorothalonil) using acute (48 or 96 h) toxicity tests. Our study demonstrates that common-use pesticides provoke the mortality of half their populations at concentrations of 0.04–2.7 μg L-1. We found that all species were sensitive to the three pesticides, with the highest sensitivity found for chlorpyrifos. Additionally, we used the approach of species sensitivity distributions (SSD) to compare our study species with Daphnia magna and other temperate and tropical invertebrates. We found that the study species were among the most sensitive species to chlorpyrifos and chlorothalonil. Our results suggest that tropical detritivores merit special attention in ecological risk assessment of pesticides and highlight the need for accurate ecotoxicological information from ecologically relevant species in the tropics.
Aydeé Cornejo; Francisco Encina-Montoya; Francisco Correa-Araneda; Dalys Rovira; Gabriela García; Carlos Nieto; Víctor Villarreal; Nicomedes Jaramillo; Edgar Pérez; Anayansi Valderrama; Javier Pérez; Luz Boyero. High sensitivity of invertebrate detritivores from tropical streams to different pesticides. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2021, 216, 112226 .
AMA StyleAydeé Cornejo, Francisco Encina-Montoya, Francisco Correa-Araneda, Dalys Rovira, Gabriela García, Carlos Nieto, Víctor Villarreal, Nicomedes Jaramillo, Edgar Pérez, Anayansi Valderrama, Javier Pérez, Luz Boyero. High sensitivity of invertebrate detritivores from tropical streams to different pesticides. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2021; 216 ():112226.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAydeé Cornejo; Francisco Encina-Montoya; Francisco Correa-Araneda; Dalys Rovira; Gabriela García; Carlos Nieto; Víctor Villarreal; Nicomedes Jaramillo; Edgar Pérez; Anayansi Valderrama; Javier Pérez; Luz Boyero. 2021. "High sensitivity of invertebrate detritivores from tropical streams to different pesticides." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 216, no. : 112226.
In ecosystems, seasonal fluctuations in the availability of resources can promote effects on species with similar trophic requirements, increasing the probability of interspecific competition. This scenario becomes more evident in human–dominated landscapes where homogenization of space can contribute to the shortage of resources, modifying species feeding behavior to an uncertain degree. Understanding how these species modify their feeding habits within the context of habitat transformation is of special interest. We evaluated the diversity of prey and overlap for two predators, the chilla fox Lycalopex griseus and the barn owl Tyto alba, during three seasons in 2018 (winter, spring and summer). The study was based on the analysis of feces and pellets in a landscape with agricultural predominance in Southern–central Chile. We found the chilla fox had a generalist dietary profile, feeding on a broad spectrum of prey, with predominance of lagomorphs and, to a lesser extent, rodents. In contrast, the diet of the barn owl mainly consisted of small rodents, with little variation across seasons. Analyses of dietary overlap showed fluctuations during the periods surveyed, with a maximum value in winter and a minimum value in spring. Variations in the consumption of prey based on their size could facilitate their coexistence in the study area.
A. H. Zúñiga; V. Fuenzalida; R. Sandoval; F. Encina. Seasonal variation in the diet of two predators in an agroecosystem in southern–central Chile. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 2021, 89 -102.
AMA StyleA. H. Zúñiga, V. Fuenzalida, R. Sandoval, F. Encina. Seasonal variation in the diet of two predators in an agroecosystem in southern–central Chile. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation. 2021; ():89-102.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. H. Zúñiga; V. Fuenzalida; R. Sandoval; F. Encina. 2021. "Seasonal variation in the diet of two predators in an agroecosystem in southern–central Chile." Animal Biodiversity and Conservation , no. : 89-102.
The global aquaculture industry has grown exponentially in recent years using to control of infections and diseases, a variety of veterinary drugs (VMP) are used, including antibiotics, antifungals and antiparasitics, which have different routes of emission, environmental persistence and side effects to aquatic organisms, becoming one of the main concerns in its use of veterinary drugs (VMP) and its potential toxicological impact on the environment, in this context, Chile is considered one of the main salmon producers. Ecological risk assessment of active principles used infreshwater fish farms worldwide and in Chile were investigated. We recollect a physical - chemical properties of active principles used by fish farms and we could estimate the relative hazard a priori. Later active principles grouped as antibiotics (n = 6), antiparasitics (n = 5), anesthetics (n = 3), and disinfectants (n = 7) were assessed using a mass balance model based on fugacity was developed for each active principle under treatments via immersion and food administration in fish, while a volumetric model for disinfectants and sodium chloride was used for estimating the predicted environmental concentration (PEC), under a real smolt farming scenario in fish farms. Ecotoxicological data were collected from open literature to predict the no-effect concentration (PNEC). The ecological risk assessment was characterized using a risk quotient (RQ = PEC/PNEC) based in two assessment tiers. Results revealed that 12 active ingredients showed a high risk (RQ ≥ 1), thus indicating that adverse effects could occur and further investigation with measured concentrations in the field are required to reduce exposure in surface waters.
Claudia Alvarado-Flores; Francisco Encina-Montoya; Felipe Tucca; Rolando Vega-Aguayo; Jorge Nimptsch; Carlos Oberti; Erico R. Carmona; Carlos Lüders. Assessing the ecological risk of active principles used currently by freshwater fish farms. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 775, 144716 .
AMA StyleClaudia Alvarado-Flores, Francisco Encina-Montoya, Felipe Tucca, Rolando Vega-Aguayo, Jorge Nimptsch, Carlos Oberti, Erico R. Carmona, Carlos Lüders. Assessing the ecological risk of active principles used currently by freshwater fish farms. Science of The Total Environment. 2021; 775 ():144716.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClaudia Alvarado-Flores; Francisco Encina-Montoya; Felipe Tucca; Rolando Vega-Aguayo; Jorge Nimptsch; Carlos Oberti; Erico R. Carmona; Carlos Lüders. 2021. "Assessing the ecological risk of active principles used currently by freshwater fish farms." Science of The Total Environment 775, no. : 144716.
Patricio De Los Ríos-Escalante; Francisco Encina-Montoya; Eriko Carreño; Francisco Correa-Araneda; Carlos Esse. First reports of short-term temporal variations in crustacean species richness in north Patagonian coastal temporary pools. Nauplius 2021, 29, 1 .
AMA StylePatricio De Los Ríos-Escalante, Francisco Encina-Montoya, Eriko Carreño, Francisco Correa-Araneda, Carlos Esse. First reports of short-term temporal variations in crustacean species richness in north Patagonian coastal temporary pools. Nauplius. 2021; 29 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatricio De Los Ríos-Escalante; Francisco Encina-Montoya; Eriko Carreño; Francisco Correa-Araneda; Carlos Esse. 2021. "First reports of short-term temporal variations in crustacean species richness in north Patagonian coastal temporary pools." Nauplius 29, no. : 1.
Fires have a considerable impact on biological communities and ecosystems, within which the assessment of burned habitats requires consideration of indicator species or assemblages useful for monitoring. The short‐term effects of fires can be easily deduced from analysing assemblages of animals with short generation times and high fertility rates, such as rodents. Here, we evaluated the effect of fire severity in a protected area of southern Chile on abundance, composition and diversity of rodent assemblages. We sampled rodents and vegetation variables during summer and fall over two years (2017 and 2018) in forest stands with different levels of fire severity (high, low and unburned stands). Changes in diversity and abundance were found between unburned and burned stands, with these differences being more noticeable during the fall of the first year. Abundances of rodent species exhibited marked fluctuations over the study period, but two species consistently decreased their abundances as fire severity increased, and with the absence of one species in burned stands. The adverse fire effects were less evident during the second year due to the overall low capture rates (1.3–1.9%). Rodent species were differently affected by fire, with Irenomys tarsalis (arboreal rat) being the species most sensitive to fires. The effect of fire severity on abundance of rodent species was associated with changes in the vegetation variables, where dead wood, canopy and herb cover showed a low correlation (R = 0.147). Our results suggest that fires of high severity cause important disturbances on habitat and food resources that result in short‐term effects on the rodent assemblage. Fires apparently act as an ecological filter for the more specialised species while offering an opportunity for the settlement of generalist species. Hence, the monitoring of rodent species differing in their ecological traits, such as food habits and space use, offers an opportunity for assessing the short‐term recovery patterns of wildlife after fire disturbances.
Alfredo H. Zúñiga; Jaime R. Rau; Fabián M. Jaksic; Pablo M. Vergara; Francisco Encina‐Montoya; Andrés Fuentes‐Ramírez. Rodent assemblage composition as indicator of fire severity in a protected area of south‐central Chile. Austral Ecology 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleAlfredo H. Zúñiga, Jaime R. Rau, Fabián M. Jaksic, Pablo M. Vergara, Francisco Encina‐Montoya, Andrés Fuentes‐Ramírez. Rodent assemblage composition as indicator of fire severity in a protected area of south‐central Chile. Austral Ecology. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlfredo H. Zúñiga; Jaime R. Rau; Fabián M. Jaksic; Pablo M. Vergara; Francisco Encina‐Montoya; Andrés Fuentes‐Ramírez. 2020. "Rodent assemblage composition as indicator of fire severity in a protected area of south‐central Chile." Austral Ecology , no. : 1.
The management and use of native species under laboratory conditions is the main difficult for species proposal for its use in bioassays. The present study showed the results about management under controlled conditions of Paratanytarsus grimmii (Diptera: Chironomidae), that is a parthenogenetic species with wide geographical distribution. It obtained its eggs from a pre Andean river from Araucania region (39° S), and it determined the conditions for larval rearing under artificial food, adults getting (manipulation), eggs (hatching sincronization) and larvae getting after hatching. The P.grimmii life cycle had larvae that late 23 days in get the pupa stage (stage I to IV), the adult within the next 48 hours deposits the eggs that hatched at 72 hours. It stablished laboratory conditions: incubation room temperature, water pH, and artificial feeding, photoperiod and larvae and eggs management techniques. In according to obtained results it managed all life cycles under laboratory conditions that can propose the use of this species as potential biological material for toxicity bioassays.
F. Encina; P De Los Ríos; R. Vega; A. Mardones. Standard culture of Paratanytarsus grimmii Schneider, 1885 (Diptera: Chironomidae), for its use in toxicity bioassays. Brazilian Journal of Biology 2020, 80, 735 -740.
AMA StyleF. Encina, P De Los Ríos, R. Vega, A. Mardones. Standard culture of Paratanytarsus grimmii Schneider, 1885 (Diptera: Chironomidae), for its use in toxicity bioassays. Brazilian Journal of Biology. 2020; 80 (4):735-740.
Chicago/Turabian StyleF. Encina; P De Los Ríos; R. Vega; A. Mardones. 2020. "Standard culture of Paratanytarsus grimmii Schneider, 1885 (Diptera: Chironomidae), for its use in toxicity bioassays." Brazilian Journal of Biology 80, no. 4: 735-740.
Studies in Salvelinus alpinus, Arctic charr, indicate that it has a low capacity to hyposmorregulatory or adaption to sea in winter periods in Arctic waters. The investigation finds to determinate the rank optimum of salinity to can cultivate this species at Chile. The weight adequate was determined to join on the sea by analysis of gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity, that it was found between the ranks 80-130 g, with 14.5 U/mg. It underwent evaluation of fish growth of 72 g salinities from 0 (control), 18, 25 and 33 g/L (sea water) for 94 days. The results indicate that the largest increases were obtained in brackish water. T18 g/L and T25 g/L achieved growth of 25% and 19% on day 94 and term sampling respectively. It is important to mention that the 8% that survived in seawater introduced percentages growth 16.6% equivalent to brackish water and control. These results suggest that Salvelinus alpinus can grow in seawater, with levels of Na+, K+-ATPase similar to those submitted by Salmo salar with a weight not less than 80 g.
A. Mardones; R. Vega; F. Encina; C. Pichara; K. González; P. De Los Rios; B. Peña. Assessing the growth of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) (Linnaeus, 1758) in four salinities, under experimental conditions. Brazilian Journal of Biology 2020, 80, 907 -913.
AMA StyleA. Mardones, R. Vega, F. Encina, C. Pichara, K. González, P. De Los Rios, B. Peña. Assessing the growth of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) (Linnaeus, 1758) in four salinities, under experimental conditions. Brazilian Journal of Biology. 2020; 80 (4):907-913.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Mardones; R. Vega; F. Encina; C. Pichara; K. González; P. De Los Rios; B. Peña. 2020. "Assessing the growth of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) (Linnaeus, 1758) in four salinities, under experimental conditions." Brazilian Journal of Biology 80, no. 4: 907-913.
The Cautin river is located in the 137 years old Araucania region, Chile (38°S), and is characterized by alterations through human interference due agriculture and towns in its surrounding basin, the presence of salmonids, and by its mixed regime, originated from snow melting in summer and rains in winter. The aim of the present study was to make a review of the inventory and ecological role of the benthic inland water macroinvertebrates of the River Cautin, in order to understand their importance in the ecosystem of the river. The fauna of this river includes a fauna composed of endemic and introduced fish, which has, however, been only poorly studied until now. The literature revealed the presence of abundant populations of Diptera, Trichoptera and Ephemeroptera larval stages, and few crustaceans specifically amphipods and freshwater crabs along the river’s course. Many of these macroinvertebrates are prey for both introduced salmonids and native fishes. Similar results have been reported for other southern Argentinean and Chilean Patagonian rivers.
R. Vega; P. De Los Ríos; F. Encina; J. A. Norambuena; J. Barile; A. Mardones. First report of inventory and role of macroinvertebrates and fish in Cautín river (38° S, Araucania region Chile). Brazilian Journal of Biology 2020, 80, 215 -228.
AMA StyleR. Vega, P. De Los Ríos, F. Encina, J. A. Norambuena, J. Barile, A. Mardones. First report of inventory and role of macroinvertebrates and fish in Cautín river (38° S, Araucania region Chile). Brazilian Journal of Biology. 2020; 80 (1):215-228.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR. Vega; P. De Los Ríos; F. Encina; J. A. Norambuena; J. Barile; A. Mardones. 2020. "First report of inventory and role of macroinvertebrates and fish in Cautín river (38° S, Araucania region Chile)." Brazilian Journal of Biology 80, no. 1: 215-228.
The benthic fauna in northern Patagonian streams is characterized by presence of water quality indicator species. The aim of the present study was characterized the benthic communities in streams associated to sites with presence of Nothofagus forests and with human intervention without Nothofagus forests using null models in ecology, unified neutral theory of biodiversity (UNTB) and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). The results of species co-occurrence null model revealed that species associations are random, whereas the results of niche overlap null models revealed the presence of niche overlap. The UNTB results revealed low species number. The results of UPGMA revealed that species composition is specific for each site existing marked differences. The exposed results agree with results observed for central and northern Patagonian Chilean rivers, where the species composition is variable in according to surrounding basin properties and seasonal conditions.
Patricio De Los Ríos-Escalante; Carlos Esse; Rodrigo Santander-Massa; Pablo Saavedra; Francisco Encina-Montoya. Benthic macroinvertebrate communities in sites with native forest presence and absence in north Patagonia. Iheringia. Série Zoologia 2020, 110, 1 .
AMA StylePatricio De Los Ríos-Escalante, Carlos Esse, Rodrigo Santander-Massa, Pablo Saavedra, Francisco Encina-Montoya. Benthic macroinvertebrate communities in sites with native forest presence and absence in north Patagonia. Iheringia. Série Zoologia. 2020; 110 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatricio De Los Ríos-Escalante; Carlos Esse; Rodrigo Santander-Massa; Pablo Saavedra; Francisco Encina-Montoya. 2020. "Benthic macroinvertebrate communities in sites with native forest presence and absence in north Patagonia." Iheringia. Série Zoologia 110, no. : 1.
Urbanisation is a dominant geographical trend and an important component of global change, with unprecedented implications for socio-economic, cultural and environmental characteristics. However, green areas, including original fragments, can help to conserve native diversity, improving the functioning of these artificial systems in the long term. Urban areas can still provide habitats usable by wild birds, however the structural characteristics of the habitat formed by different types of green area differ, and therefore dissimilar bird diversities are to be expected. The object of this study was to characterise the α and β diversities of birds in different green areas and to analyse how diversity relates to ten variables that characterise the habitat. We studied the green areas in the city of Temuco, southern Chile (Park, Square and Median strips of main streets), evaluating the variables: (a) surface area, (b) vegetation, (c) estimated human impact as the proportions of vegetation and bare soil by area, and the vehicle traffic. The bird assemblage structures were characterised by α (intra-environment) diversity and β diversity (between environments) and the statistical analysis identified the environmental variables related with the presence and abundance of birds. A statistical model was constructed to describe the contribution of the variables to bird diversity. We found significant differences between the diversity of bird species in the three types of green area. The β showed medium to high similarity between the different study units. There was a negative correlation with bare soil areas; the correlations with vehicle flow, plant structure and tree and shrub cover were not significant, meaning that these variables did not explain the variation in the richness of bird species between the green areas. However the surface area did explain this variation presenting a positive potential relation. There was also a high correlation with the origin (native) of shrub species. The bird diversity varied significantly according to the type of urban green area. The environmental variables presenting significant correlations with bird diversity were: surface area, native species of shrub stratum, shrub cover, and bare soil area. The best multiple regression model showed that the three most important variables for bird diversity are the surface area of the green area, the cover of the shrub stratum and the presence of native shrub species.
Andrés Muñoz-Pedreros; Marilyn González-Urrutia; Francisco Encina-Montoya; Heraldo V. Norambuena. Effects of vegetation strata and human disturbance on bird diversity in green areas in a city in southern Chile. Avian Research 2018, 9, 38 .
AMA StyleAndrés Muñoz-Pedreros, Marilyn González-Urrutia, Francisco Encina-Montoya, Heraldo V. Norambuena. Effects of vegetation strata and human disturbance on bird diversity in green areas in a city in southern Chile. Avian Research. 2018; 9 (1):38.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrés Muñoz-Pedreros; Marilyn González-Urrutia; Francisco Encina-Montoya; Heraldo V. Norambuena. 2018. "Effects of vegetation strata and human disturbance on bird diversity in green areas in a city in southern Chile." Avian Research 9, no. 1: 38.
Carlos Esse; Ivo Fustos; Katerina González; Carlos Aguayo; Francisco Encina-Montoya; David Figueroa; Gladys Lara; Celso Navarro. Spectral characterization of Didymosphenia geminata under laboratory conditions: bases for a monitoring and early warning system in river systems of south central Chile. Management of Biological Invasions 2018, 9, 85 -90.
AMA StyleCarlos Esse, Ivo Fustos, Katerina González, Carlos Aguayo, Francisco Encina-Montoya, David Figueroa, Gladys Lara, Celso Navarro. Spectral characterization of Didymosphenia geminata under laboratory conditions: bases for a monitoring and early warning system in river systems of south central Chile. Management of Biological Invasions. 2018; 9 (2):85-90.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Esse; Ivo Fustos; Katerina González; Carlos Aguayo; Francisco Encina-Montoya; David Figueroa; Gladys Lara; Celso Navarro. 2018. "Spectral characterization of Didymosphenia geminata under laboratory conditions: bases for a monitoring and early warning system in river systems of south central Chile." Management of Biological Invasions 9, no. 2: 85-90.
The suitability of Mazzaella laminarioides and Sarcothalia crispata as heavy metal biomonitors of Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn was assessed by comparing bioaccumulation of these elements in different life stages and frond sizes in samples from three locations, San Vicente Bay (industrial area), Coliumo, and Quidico (the latter as a reference station), where different degrees of heavy metal pollution are recorded. Bioaccumulation and bioconcentration factors of Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn were evaluated. The two macroalgae species showed similar patterns, with higher values of Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn in polluted areas. M. laminarioides bioaccumulated higher concentrations of all metals assessed than S. crispata, independent of life stage and frond size. The results also showed significantly higher Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn concentrations (p < 0.05) in water samples from San Vicente Bay than those measured in Coliumo and Quidico. Concentrations of Cd, Hg, Pb, and Zn in San Vicente Bay and Cd, Hg, and Pb in Coliumo and Quidico exceed the mean values considered to represent natural concentrations (Cu = 3.00 μg L(-1); Zn = 5.00 μg L(-1); Pb = 0.03 μg L(-1); Cd = 0.05 μg L(-1); Hg = 0.05 μg L(-1)); however, the concentrations recorded do not cause negative effects on the growth and survival of macroalgae. The assessment of heavy metals bioaccumulated in M. laminarioides and S. crispata, particularly Hg, Pb, and Zn, offers a reliable approach for pollution assessment in rocky intertidal environments. Cu and Cd concentrations in seawater samples from San Vicente and Coliumo Bays were significantly higher than in those from Quidico (p value < 0.05); no significant differences in Cd concentrations were observed between San Vicente and Coliumo Bays (p < 0.05). Exceptionally, Cd is bioaccumulated at high levels independent of its availability in the water, thus reaching high concentrations in control areas. High concentrations of metals like Cu and Zn may limit or inhibit Cd uptake in macroalgae, since the transport channels are saturated by some metals, reducing the accumulation of others. These macroalgae species offer good potential for the development of suitable heavy metal pollution survey tools in rocky intertidal environments.
Francisco Encina-Montoya; Rolando Vega-Aguayo; Oscar Díaz; Carlos Esse; Jorge Nimptsch; Andrés Muñoz-Pedreros. Mazzaella laminarioides and Sarcothalia crispata as possible bioindicators of heavy metal contamination in the marine coastal zone of Chile. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2017, 189, 1 .
AMA StyleFrancisco Encina-Montoya, Rolando Vega-Aguayo, Oscar Díaz, Carlos Esse, Jorge Nimptsch, Andrés Muñoz-Pedreros. Mazzaella laminarioides and Sarcothalia crispata as possible bioindicators of heavy metal contamination in the marine coastal zone of Chile. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2017; 189 (11):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancisco Encina-Montoya; Rolando Vega-Aguayo; Oscar Díaz; Carlos Esse; Jorge Nimptsch; Andrés Muñoz-Pedreros. 2017. "Mazzaella laminarioides and Sarcothalia crispata as possible bioindicators of heavy metal contamination in the marine coastal zone of Chile." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 189, no. 11: 1.
Nothofagus dombeyi is distributed on very diverse sites in the temperate forests of Chile and Argentina. In Chile, studies on its dynamics and productivity in forests, where it is the dominant species, have been carried out mainly in the foothills of the Andes, but the productivity and growth of these forests in the Coastal Range are almost unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the construction of a single dominant height/age growth model for two homogeneous edaphoclimatic zones (ZEH 2 and 5) previously defined for this species in the Coastal Range of southcentral Chile. The results showed that the Chapman-Richards model was the best candidate function, in terms of goodness of fit and predictive capabilities. Using this function, specific parameters (a, b and c) were obtained for each zone, from which site models were constructed by the Algebraic Difference Approach method for a base age of 35 years. This model is intended to contribute to better estimations of site productivity for N. dombeyi forests in the Coastal Range of south-central Chile, and thus facilitate private and public decisions regarding their management.
Carlos Esse; Pablo J Donoso; Víctor Gerding; Francisco Encina-Montoya; Celso Navarro. Secondary Nothofagus dombeyi forests: site index curves and dominant height in the Coastal Range of south-central Chile. Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science 2017, 80, 233 -240.
AMA StyleCarlos Esse, Pablo J Donoso, Víctor Gerding, Francisco Encina-Montoya, Celso Navarro. Secondary Nothofagus dombeyi forests: site index curves and dominant height in the Coastal Range of south-central Chile. Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science. 2017; 80 (3):233-240.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Esse; Pablo J Donoso; Víctor Gerding; Francisco Encina-Montoya; Celso Navarro. 2017. "Secondary Nothofagus dombeyi forests: site index curves and dominant height in the Coastal Range of south-central Chile." Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science 80, no. 3: 233-240.
Decomposition of leaf litter is a fundamental process for the functioning of forested wetlands. The rapid increment of forest plantations has involved a greater contribution of leaf litter of exotic origin to these ecosystems. The decomposition rate between leaf litter of native and exotic origin in a forested wetland of the Mediterranean zone of Chile was compared, as well as the contribution of bacteria and macroinvertebrate to this process. It was determined that the decomposition rate of the leaf litter presented significant differences ( p < 0.05) between species, being faster in those of non-native origin. This could be due to differences in ecophysiological aspects of the leaves like the presence of chemical compounds such as waxes or oils. Both analyzed communities were relevant in the studied process. However, bacteria contributed mostly to the decomposition of both types of leaves. The implications of the physical and chemical characteristics of the leaves and the water on the processing of the foliar material are discussed. KEYWORDS: Allochthonous detritus; bacteria; lentic ecosystem; macroinvertebrates
Francisco Gómez-Capponi; Francisco Javier Correa; Ma Elisa Díaz; Manuel Olguín; Francisco Encina-Montoya; Ricardo Figueroa. Leaf litter decomposition from native and non-native species in a freshwater forested wetland of Chile. Gayana (Concepción) 2017, 81, 1 -8.
AMA StyleFrancisco Gómez-Capponi, Francisco Javier Correa, Ma Elisa Díaz, Manuel Olguín, Francisco Encina-Montoya, Ricardo Figueroa. Leaf litter decomposition from native and non-native species in a freshwater forested wetland of Chile. Gayana (Concepción). 2017; 81 (1):1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancisco Gómez-Capponi; Francisco Javier Correa; Ma Elisa Díaz; Manuel Olguín; Francisco Encina-Montoya; Ricardo Figueroa. 2017. "Leaf litter decomposition from native and non-native species in a freshwater forested wetland of Chile." Gayana (Concepción) 81, no. 1: 1-8.
The inland waters of Chile hold endemic species of crustaceans, and these habitats are threatened at present due to pollution as a result of human activities. Until now, the environmental studies performed have not considered native species for evaluating environmental risks. The aim of the present study was to do a first culture experiment with the freshwater copepod Tumeodiaoptomus diabolicus that inhabits central and northern Chilean Patagonian lakes. The copepods were cultured under two dietary regimes, i.e., a diet of microalgae and an artificial diet. The experiment was conducted over 12 days, and the maximum growth was obtained with the artificial diet. The present results would agree with similar results obtained for pseudodiaptomid copepods, that are massively used for aquaculture activities. In accordance with the obtained results and published data in the literature, T. diabolicus culture could be relatively easily done, and would thus qualify as an assay for investigating environmental conditions.
Francisco Encina-Montoya; Patricio De Los Ríos Escalante; Katherine Salazar. Culture of native species of zooplanktonic crustaceans: Tumeodiaptomus diabolicus (Brehm, 1935) from northern Patagonian lakes (Chile). Crustaceana 2017, 90, 1599 -1603.
AMA StyleFrancisco Encina-Montoya, Patricio De Los Ríos Escalante, Katherine Salazar. Culture of native species of zooplanktonic crustaceans: Tumeodiaptomus diabolicus (Brehm, 1935) from northern Patagonian lakes (Chile). Crustaceana. 2017; 90 (13):1599-1603.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancisco Encina-Montoya; Patricio De Los Ríos Escalante; Katherine Salazar. 2017. "Culture of native species of zooplanktonic crustaceans: Tumeodiaptomus diabolicus (Brehm, 1935) from northern Patagonian lakes (Chile)." Crustaceana 90, no. 13: 1599-1603.
Agricultural land covers approximately 40% of Earth’s land surface and affects hydromorphological, biogeochemical and ecological characteristics of fluvial networks. In the northern temperate region, agriculture also strongly affects the amount and molecular composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM), which constitutes the main vector of carbon transport from soils to fluvial networks and to the sea, and is involved in a large variety of biogeochemical processes. Here, we provide first evidence about the wider occurrence of agricultural impacts on the concentration and composition of fluvial DOM across climate zones of the northern and southern hemispheres. Both extensive and intensive farming altered fluvial DOM towards a more microbial and less plant-derived composition. Moreover, intensive farming significantly increased dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) concentrations. The DOM composition change and DON concentration increase differed among climate zones and could be related to the intensity of current and historical nitrogen fertilizer use. As a result of agriculture intensification, increased DON concentrations and a more microbial-like DOM composition likely will enhance the reactivity of catchment DOM emissions, thereby fuelling the biogeochemical processing in fluvial networks, and resulting in higher ecosystem productivity and CO2 outgassing.
Daniel Graeber; Iola Boëchat; Francisco Ramon Encina Montoya; Carlos Esse; Jörg Gelbrecht; Guillermo Goyenola; Björn Gücker; Marlen Heinz; Brian Kronvang; Mariana Meerhoff; Jorge Nimptsch; Martin T. Pusch; Ricky C. S. Silva; Daniel von Schiller; Elke Zwirnmann. Global effects of agriculture on fluvial dissolved organic matter. Scientific Reports 2015, 5, 16328 .
AMA StyleDaniel Graeber, Iola Boëchat, Francisco Ramon Encina Montoya, Carlos Esse, Jörg Gelbrecht, Guillermo Goyenola, Björn Gücker, Marlen Heinz, Brian Kronvang, Mariana Meerhoff, Jorge Nimptsch, Martin T. Pusch, Ricky C. S. Silva, Daniel von Schiller, Elke Zwirnmann. Global effects of agriculture on fluvial dissolved organic matter. Scientific Reports. 2015; 5 (1):16328.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Graeber; Iola Boëchat; Francisco Ramon Encina Montoya; Carlos Esse; Jörg Gelbrecht; Guillermo Goyenola; Björn Gücker; Marlen Heinz; Brian Kronvang; Mariana Meerhoff; Jorge Nimptsch; Martin T. Pusch; Ricky C. S. Silva; Daniel von Schiller; Elke Zwirnmann. 2015. "Global effects of agriculture on fluvial dissolved organic matter." Scientific Reports 5, no. 1: 16328.
Carlos Esse; Pablo J Donoso; Víctor Gerding; Celso Navarro; Francisco Encina-Montoya. Modelling dominant height and site index in different edaphoclimatic zones ofNothofagus dombeyisecondary forest in the Andes of south-central Chile. Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science 2014, 76, 221 -228.
AMA StyleCarlos Esse, Pablo J Donoso, Víctor Gerding, Celso Navarro, Francisco Encina-Montoya. Modelling dominant height and site index in different edaphoclimatic zones ofNothofagus dombeyisecondary forest in the Andes of south-central Chile. Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science. 2014; 76 (4):221-228.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Esse; Pablo J Donoso; Víctor Gerding; Celso Navarro; Francisco Encina-Montoya. 2014. "Modelling dominant height and site index in different edaphoclimatic zones ofNothofagus dombeyisecondary forest in the Andes of south-central Chile." Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science 76, no. 4: 221-228.
Carlos Esse; Paulo Valdívia; Francisco Encina-Montoya; Carlos Aguayo; Marcela Guerrero; David Figueroa. Modelo de análisis espacial multicriterio (AEMC) para el mapeo de servicios ecosistémicos en cuencas forestales del sur de Chile. Bosque (Valdivia) 2014, 35, 289 -299.
AMA StyleCarlos Esse, Paulo Valdívia, Francisco Encina-Montoya, Carlos Aguayo, Marcela Guerrero, David Figueroa. Modelo de análisis espacial multicriterio (AEMC) para el mapeo de servicios ecosistémicos en cuencas forestales del sur de Chile. Bosque (Valdivia). 2014; 35 (3):289-299.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarlos Esse; Paulo Valdívia; Francisco Encina-Montoya; Carlos Aguayo; Marcela Guerrero; David Figueroa. 2014. "Modelo de análisis espacial multicriterio (AEMC) para el mapeo de servicios ecosistémicos en cuencas forestales del sur de Chile." Bosque (Valdivia) 35, no. 3: 289-299.