Background. Over the last decade, the incidence of atopic dermatitis (AD) has increased significantly and reaches from 5 to 20 % in different countries, which is obviously related to the improvement of the diagnostic algorithm. According to modern data, the course of AD has significantly worsened despite the improvement of comprehensive treatment methods. To a certain extent, this may be due to the presence of a comorbid condition, or overlap syndrome, of AD and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). The purpose was to develop a scale for assessing the quality of life of patients with the AD and ACD overlap syndrome based on an integrated questionnaire and to evaluate the neurological component of the course of the disease. Materials and methods. Based on the analysis of world publications over the past 5 years, the authors developed a questionnaire that considers the main components of the quality of life of patients with the AD + ACD overlap syndrome, and for its designation, they proposed the Latin abbreviation QLI-OS-AD/ACD-2024 (Quality of Life Index Overlap-Syndrome Atopic Dermatitis/Allergic Contact Dermatitis-2024). It is proposed to evaluate the results of the questionnaire based on the score: 0–7 — overlap syndrome of AD and ACD does not significantly affect the quality of life, 8–14 — significantly affects and 15–20 — significantly worsens the quality of life. Results. From the selected cohort, 16 (29.1 %) patients, according to the results of the survey, received a total score from 1 to 7 points and characterized the impact of the disease on their quality of life as not significant, 32 (58.2 %) assessed the impact of the AD and ACD overlap syndrome as substantial, having from 8 to 14 points. The quality of life significantly worsened in 7 (12.7 %) patients who received a total score of 15 to 20 points. It was found that the greatest influence in the quality of life panel is exerted by the overlap syndrome on the quality of sleep and cognitive functions: a negative impact on sleep was noted by a total of 42 (76.4 %) participants, of which in 31 (56.4 %) — sometimes and in 11 (20.0 %) — always; deterioration of memory and attention was recorded in 43 (78.2 %) cases, of which in 35 (63.6 %) — sometimes and in 8 (14.5 %) — always. Conclusions. The QLI-OS-AD/ACD-2024 questionnaire makes it possible to assess the degree of the AD and ACD overlap syndrome influence on the quality of life of dermatological patients, and the detection of the neurological component prevalence phenomenon in the negative impact on the quality of life allows patients to be referred to a neurologist in a timely manner and to develop an adequate approach to the comprehensive treatment of the AD and ACD overlap syndrome.

Background. Endometriosis has a significant impact on the quality of life of patients, as it is a source of debilitating pain syndrome, leading to depression, anxiety and sleep disorders. Therefore, studying the possibilities of effective treatment of this disease and assessing the quality of life indicators of patients is a relevant clinical task. The purpose was to investigate the quality of life indicators in patients with endometriosis using the assessment of the quality of life index, the presence and intensity of pain syndrome, as well as neurological disorders in dynamics. Materials and methods. One hundred and twenty patients with genital endometriosis aged 19 to 44 years were divided into 2 study groups: in one group, hormone therapy was prescribed after laparoscopic removal of endometrioma, in another — peptide immunocorrection. During clinical monitoring, the quality of life index was assessed, and the effect of treatment on the dynamics of regression of clinical symptoms of the disease and its neurological consequences was analyzed. Results. Before the start of treatment, the quality of life index was at a relatively low level: 41.0 ± 4.8 points in group 1 and 41.0 ± 4.8 points in group 2. In group 1, it reached its maximum 6 months after surgery and was 77.0 ± 5.5 points, which is 75.0 % higher compared to baseline. In group 2, a similar dynamics of an increase in the quality of life index was observed, which at the end of the observation period was 84.0 ± 3.9 points exceeding the baseline by 104.9 %. In both study groups throughout the entire period of clinical monitoring, we observed a decrease in the intensity of the pain syndrome, as well as a gradual decrease in the number of patients complaining of insomnia, depressive disorders and anxiety. Conclusions. Surgical treatment of endometriosis, prescription of hormone therapy and the restoration of immune homeostasis of the involved organs are effective components of the comprehensive management of this category of patients. Reducing the intensity of chronic pain, and subsequently its elimination, inevitably improves the overall condition of patients and their quality of life.

Background. According to the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine, mortality from breast cancer (BC) continues to be at the first places in the structure of oncological pathology among the female population. The overlap syndrome of genital endometriosis (GE) and benign breast disease (BBD) can play a significant role in the development of BC. The purpose: using data from modern literature sources, to consider the overlap syndrome of GE and BBD as a precancerous pattern in the development of BC and outline possible steps to solve the problem. Materials and methods. The search and selection of publications was carried out in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using the following terms: genital endometriosis, benign breast disease, mastopathy, fibrocystic dysplasia, mastalgia, breast cancer, hormone therapy. Results. A convincing link between endometriosis and fibrocystic disease has been established in fertile women: the prevalence of BBD in patients with endometriosis is 36–38 %. Pilot clinical studies have confirmed that in women with endometriosis who received dienogest at a dose of 20 mg/day orally for 24 weeks, a significant decrease in breast size (p < 0.023) and regression of mastopathic changes were observed when assessing the effect of progestogen on the breast using ultrasound. A slight decrease (p = 0.089) in the maximum diameter of the ducts was observed. At the stages of development of the overlap syndrome of GE and BBD with a confirmed increased risk of BC, a complex pathogenetic matrix is formed, the processes in which are often not linear, but can occur in parallel, demonstrating the diversity and unpredictability of biological events. The high percentage of overlap syndrome of GE and BBD confirms the idea of the unity of the origin of pathological changes in target organs and the synchronous development of benign hyperplastic processes in them. Conclusions. It is advisable to consider hyperplastic diseases as a generalized process in the reproductive system, and to develop single therapeutic tactics when gynecological pathology is combined with breast diseases. The overlap syndrome of GE and BBD, which is a proven factor of increased risk of breast cancer, requires responsible and coordinated teamwork of endocrinologists, mammologists and obstetricians-gynecologists, which is designed to create necessary conditions for a significant improvement in the effectiveness of therapy. The development in the near future of an algorithm for clinical monitoring of patients with overlap syndrome of GE and BBD will be a logical and justified step, because early diagnosis of BC provides better treatment results and an increase in the quality of life of patients.

Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of malignancy in men, with bone metastases being a significant source of morbidity and mortality in advanced cases. Objective. To give a clinical example of a patient with a pathological transtrochanteric fracture of the right femur with displacement of fragments, the presence of metastasis at the fracture site, to emphasize the importance of 3D-training before surgery. Methods. A clinical example with a significant impairment of the function of the right lower extremity against the background of a significant pain syndrome is given. The diagnosis was established: pathological transtrochanteric fracture of the right femur with displacement of fragments, the presence of metastasis at the fracture site. Pre-surgical training was carried out using a 3D-model and total endoprosthetics of the right hip joint with a revision individual implant of the cement fixation type was carried out. The patient fully recovered the function of the right lower limb and hip joint, the pain syndrome was eliminated, and sleep normalized. The use of a 3D-model for preoperative training of surgeons made it possible to rationally limit traumatization of healthy tissues during tumor removal, prevent possible complications and optimize the time of surgical intervention and thus minimize blood loss. Conclusions. The use of a training 3D-model before surgery followed by prosthetics with a special oncological endoprosthesis provided satisfactory functional results and restoration of the patient's quality of life in the given clinical case. The use of a 3D-model is the key to careful preparation for surgical intervention, taking into account the individual anatomical features of the pathological process and adjacent tissues, which allows you to significantly optimize the terms of the operation and reduce blood loss, and also provides valuable experience for further surgical practice.

The use of lasers in oncology is constantly evolving. In recent years, the mechanisms of the effect of laser radiation, particularly of the infrared spectrum, on tumour cells in combination with various chemotherapeutic agents have been studied. The aim. To study the effect of laser radiation with a wavelength of 660 and 810 nm on the survival of tumour cell cultures MCF7 and MCF7DOX in the presence of doxorubicin. Materials and methods. Tumour cells of MCF7 and MCF7DOX cultures were cultured in DMEM medium (Biowest, France) with 10 % fetal calf serum (FST) (Biowest, France) and 40 μg / ml gentamicin (Sigma, USA). Doxorubicin was added to the cells to a final concentration of 1 μg / ml. Cells were irradiated with a laser (Photonica-Plus, Ukraine) with a wavelength of 660 and 810 nm (irradiation time – 5 min, power density – 50 mV/cm2, irradiation dose 15 J/cm2). The results were recorded using a multiwell spectrophotometer (Labsystems Multiskan PLUS, Finland). Photomicrographs of cells were taken using a Carl Zeiss microscope, Germany. Results. Cell survival assessment and morphological characteristics in micropreparations indicate the antitumor efficacy of the combined effects of laser irradiation and doxorubicin. The most pronounced cytotoxic effect on MCF7-DOX culture cells was caused by doxorubicin exposure for 90 min in combination with infrared laser irradiation (λ=810 nm). Conclusions. Infrared laser light synergises with the toxic effects of doxorubicin and creates favourable conditions for apoptosis of tumour cells, as evidenced by cytomorphological data.