Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors believed to influence the behavior of 1,042 rice farmers in Malaysia regarding the overuse of pesticides. Frequent overuse of pesticide will have an impact on human health and the environment, which lead to greater expenditure on health care. Design/methodology/approach: The theoretical models of compliance behavior tested include the basic deterrence model, which focuses on the enforcement of regulation as a key determinant of compliance. The models integrate economic theory with theories of social behavior to account for motivations expected, influencing individuals’ decisions on whether to follow the regulation on using pesticides. Findings: Significance tests reported that the information regarding the danger of using pesticides, the perception toward the impact on the environment and the expected impact on health influences the compliance behavior of using pesticides. Research limitations/implications: These findings highlight the necessity for the policy makers to design an effective program which gives more information and provide training related to the risk and the safe handling of pesticides. Practical implications: The farmers who receive information and training related to handling of pesticides become more cautious in the use of pesticides. Countries involved in agriculture and the use of pesticides widely by their farmers need to emphasize continuous training and periodic information dissemination. Social implications: The implication drawn is rice farmers should be encouraged to practice new methods in rice planting, especially in the integrated pest management method. Originality/value: These research findings suggest that the overuse of pesticides in the rice farming continues to be an important problem.

A well-balanced diet is essential for individuals, particularly athletes, because it improves overall health by supplying energy besides repairing and replacing damaged cells. A well-balanced diet is also benefitting athletes to fuel their bodies before, during, and after training. This study aims to examine the intellectual structure of sports nutrition research using bibliometric measures from 1959 to 2021 based on the Scopus database. The study was investigated using SciMAT software, which employed keyword co-occurrence analysis to extract performance and scientific output vis-à-vis critical topics or themes in sports nutrition. The findings indicated that sports nutrition possesses enormous potential and growth potential. The most prevalent themes in this research area are trace elements, exercise, questionnaire, carbohydrate, and adolescent. Also, this study put up to analysing sports nutrition in countless fields, assisting in understanding its intellectual structure. Future researchers could use this data to identify the focus of awareness and make decisions in multiple ways. This study has a few limitations: 1) the researchers’ interpretation of the themes in this study was grounded on their knowledge; 2) this study only considered publication records from the Scopus database, and some sports nutrition publications may not have been included; and 3) if additional databases, such as Google Scholar, Microsoft Academics, or Dimensions, were accessed, the subject area may have shifted. The findings of this study should be accepted as a single evidence-based framework for developing future studies on sports nutrition research that will benefit researchers, practitioners, and policymakers.

The power and electricity (P & E) sector experiences a substantial number of occupational accidents, including in Nigeria. The implementation of a safety management system (SMS) to promote safety performance and mitigate occupational risks in this sector remains underreported. Therefore, we aimed to explore the factors influencing the safety performance of Nigeria’s P & E distribution companies by applying McGrath’s input–process–output model as a theoretical framework. We used SmartPLS 3.0 for structural equation modelling and SPSS Version 23 for preliminary data analysis. We included a sample of 222 organizations and found that management commitment to safety, safety communication, safety champions, and government regulations influence working conditions and safety performance to varying degrees. Employee involvement, safety training, and working conditions were significant factors affecting safety performance. Management commitment, employee involvement, safety communication, safety champions, and government regulations had significant indirect effects on safety performance through their influence on working conditions. Organizational and regulatory elements played a crucial role in shaping safety performance in high-risk environments. The results highlight vital areas to be considered when developing interventions to address P & E occupational accidents. The results can aid stakeholders in developing and implementing measures to improve workplace safety, including examining current SMSs and considering working conditions when implementing safety interventions.

Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) reporting is often treated as a compliance exercise rather than a tool for transparency and continuous improvement, leading to superficial disclosures that fail to enhance workplace safety. This conceptual study proposes a framework to shift OSH reporting from compliance-driven to transparency-focused practices. The framework emphasizes regulatory adherence, voluntary disclosure, stakeholder engagement, digital integration [e.g., blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI)], and accountability mechanisms. A qualitative methodology was employed, synthesizing literature to address gaps such as the lack of standardized frameworks, resource constraints, cultural resistance, and inconsistent enforcement. Key findings reveal that transparency-focused reporting significantly improves safety outcomes, with organizations achieving substantial reductions in workplace accidents. Stakeholder engagement enhances hazard identification, while digital tools increase data credibility. The study highlights the transformative potential of integrating technology and participatory governance to bridge compliance and transparency gaps. The framework offers actionable strategies for organizations and policymakers, advocating for harmonized standards, cultural adaptability, and scalable technological solutions. Future research should explore cultural influences, evaluate digital tools in small and medium-sized enterprises (SME), and assess regulatory impacts. By adopting this framework, organizations can foster safer workplaces, build stakeholder trust, and achieve long-term resilience. The study underscores that moving beyond compliance to transparency is both a strategic necessity and an ethical imperative for sustainable OSH practices.