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S. A. Nitoslawski
Department of Forest Resources Management Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada

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Review article
Published: 05 August 2021 in Earth's Future
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Forest ecosystem resilience is of considerable interest worldwide, particularly given the climate crisis, biodiversity loss, and recent instances of zoonotic diseases linked to deforestation and forest loss. Novel, digital-based technologies are also increasingly ubiquitous. We provide a more comprehensive understanding of how these new technologies are being used for forest management in different sectors and contexts, and discuss potential implications and future research needs for forestry researchers, managers, and policymakers. We carried out a literature database search and scoping review to collect peer-reviewed articles from 2010-2020, and developed a forest-technology classification to identify hardware and/or software technologies and techniques, methodology used, forest management application(s), spatial and temporal context, subsequent challenges and limitations, and opportunities. A qualitative analysis revealed a strong emphasis on remote sensing-based innovations for forest monitoring, planning, and management, where machine-learning techniques also play an important role in data collection, processing, and analysis. Data fusion approaches are also becoming more common, enabled by open-source datasets and data sharing practices. More emerging technologies and applications include virtual/augmented environments for understanding human-nature relationships and behaviour patterns, automated workflows for forestry operations, and urban green infrastructure mapping and ecosystem services assessments via social media and mobile tracking applications. The continued adoption of digital-based tools will likely bring about new research questions about forest ecosystems as dynamic social, ecological, and technological landscapes, and future work should more closely examine how forestry researchers, managers, and stakeholders can anticipate and adapt to both environmental and technological uncertainty change in a forest-ecosystem context.

ACS Style

S. A. Nitoslawski; K. Wong‐Stevens; J. W. N. Steenberg; K. Witherspoon; L. Nesbitt; C. C. Konijnendijk van Den Bosch. The Digital Forest: Mapping a Decade of Knowledge on Technological Applications for Forest Ecosystems. Earth's Future 2021, 9, 1 .

AMA Style

S. A. Nitoslawski, K. Wong‐Stevens, J. W. N. Steenberg, K. Witherspoon, L. Nesbitt, C. C. Konijnendijk van Den Bosch. The Digital Forest: Mapping a Decade of Knowledge on Technological Applications for Forest Ecosystems. Earth's Future. 2021; 9 (8):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S. A. Nitoslawski; K. Wong‐Stevens; J. W. N. Steenberg; K. Witherspoon; L. Nesbitt; C. C. Konijnendijk van Den Bosch. 2021. "The Digital Forest: Mapping a Decade of Knowledge on Technological Applications for Forest Ecosystems." Earth's Future 9, no. 8: 1.

Review
Published: 01 November 2019 in Sustainable Cities and Society
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ACS Style

Sophie Nitoslawski; Nadine J. Galle; Cecil Konijnendijk Van Den Bosch; James Steenberg. Smarter ecosystems for smarter cities? A review of trends, technologies, and turning points for smart urban forestry. Sustainable Cities and Society 2019, 51, 1 .

AMA Style

Sophie Nitoslawski, Nadine J. Galle, Cecil Konijnendijk Van Den Bosch, James Steenberg. Smarter ecosystems for smarter cities? A review of trends, technologies, and turning points for smart urban forestry. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2019; 51 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sophie Nitoslawski; Nadine J. Galle; Cecil Konijnendijk Van Den Bosch; James Steenberg. 2019. "Smarter ecosystems for smarter cities? A review of trends, technologies, and turning points for smart urban forestry." Sustainable Cities and Society 51, no. : 1.

Concept paper
Published: 01 November 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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It is increasingly evident that exposure to green landscape elements benefits human health. Urban green space in cities is also recognized as a crucial adaptation response to changes in climate and its subsequent effects. The exploration of conceptual and practical intersections between human health, green spaces, and climate action is needed. Evidence-based guidance is needed for stakeholders, practitioners, designers, and citizens in order to assess and manage urban green spaces that maximize co-benefits for both human health and climate resilience. This paper proposes interventions that provide strategic green space enhancement at the neighborhood and block scale. We propose eight tangible green space interventions and associated metrics to integrate climate resilience and population health co-benefits into urban green space design and planning: View from within, Plant entrances, Bring nature nearby, Retain the mature, Generate diversity, Create refuge, Connect experiences, and Optimize green infrastructure. These interventions represent a hierarchy of functional design concepts that respond to experiential qualities and physical/psychological dimensions of health, and which enhance resilience at a range of social scales from the individual to the neighborhood. The interventions also reveal additional research needs in green space design, particularly in neighborhood-level contexts.

ACS Style

Sara Barron; Sophie Nitoslawski; Kathleen L. Wolf; Angie Woo; Erin Desautels; Stephen R. J. Sheppard. Greening Blocks: A Conceptual Typology of Practical Design Interventions to Integrate Health and Climate Resilience Co-Benefits. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 4241 .

AMA Style

Sara Barron, Sophie Nitoslawski, Kathleen L. Wolf, Angie Woo, Erin Desautels, Stephen R. J. Sheppard. Greening Blocks: A Conceptual Typology of Practical Design Interventions to Integrate Health and Climate Resilience Co-Benefits. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (21):4241.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara Barron; Sophie Nitoslawski; Kathleen L. Wolf; Angie Woo; Erin Desautels; Stephen R. J. Sheppard. 2019. "Greening Blocks: A Conceptual Typology of Practical Design Interventions to Integrate Health and Climate Resilience Co-Benefits." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21: 4241.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2019 in Environmental Reviews
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The boreal zone, a vast region with abundant natural resources and related industries, has both provisioning and nonprovisioning ecosystem services that draw some people, while warding off others. It is an area that arguably affects many Canadians in different ways and represents a wide range of tangible and intangible values. Changes in demographic patterns over time shed light on the development of the social-ecological landscape of the boreal zone, and elucidate potential changes in the future. Using past and current demographic data, we explore population size, immigration and emigration, and birth and death rates within and outside the boreal zone. We also explore links between demographics, social values, and important factors of change in the boreal zone, and present three contrasting scenarios predicting the state of this zone in 2050. We pay particular attention to the Indigenous population, generational differences, international immigration, and the urban–rural divide. Fertility rates and immigration influence population demographics within and outside the boreal zone, respectively, alluding to potential divergences in social values and between communities located within and outside the boreal zone. The boreal zone is currently comprised of many smaller towns and communities scattered across the landscape, yet it is equally important to consider the influences of larger cities located outside the boreal zone, particularly in terms of governance, population movements, and political power. Considered together, these factors provide insight on social cohesion and connectedness, demand for goods and services, and changes in boreal-centric activities.

ACS Style

Sophie Nitoslawski; Andrew T. M. Chin; Alistair Chan; Irena F. Creed; James W. Fyles; John R. Parkins; Marian L. Weber. Demographics and social values as drivers of change in the Canadian boreal zone1. Environmental Reviews 2019, 27, 377 -392.

AMA Style

Sophie Nitoslawski, Andrew T. M. Chin, Alistair Chan, Irena F. Creed, James W. Fyles, John R. Parkins, Marian L. Weber. Demographics and social values as drivers of change in the Canadian boreal zone1. Environmental Reviews. 2019; 27 (3):377-392.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sophie Nitoslawski; Andrew T. M. Chin; Alistair Chan; Irena F. Creed; James W. Fyles; John R. Parkins; Marian L. Weber. 2019. "Demographics and social values as drivers of change in the Canadian boreal zone1." Environmental Reviews 27, no. 3: 377-392.

Research article
Published: 29 July 2019 in The Anthropocene Review
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Many of our cities are going digital. From self-driving cars to smart grids to intelligent traffic signals, these smart cities put data and digital technology to work to drive efficiency and improve the quality of life for citizens. Yet, the natural capital upon which cities rely risks being left behind by the digital revolution. Bringing nature online is the next frontier in ecosystem management and will change our relationship with the natural world in the urban age. In this article, we introduce the ‘Internet of Nature’ to bridge the gap between greener and smarter cities and to explore the future of urban ecosystem management in an age of rapid urbanisation and digitisation. The creation of an Internet of Nature, along with the ecosystem intelligence it provides, is an opportunity to elicit and understand urban ecosystem dynamics, promote self-sufficiency and resilience in ecosystem management and enhance connections between urban social and ecological systems.

ACS Style

Nadinè J Galle; Sophie Nitoslawski; Francesco Pilla. The Internet of Nature: How taking nature online can shape urban ecosystems. The Anthropocene Review 2019, 6, 279 -287.

AMA Style

Nadinè J Galle, Sophie Nitoslawski, Francesco Pilla. The Internet of Nature: How taking nature online can shape urban ecosystems. The Anthropocene Review. 2019; 6 (3):279-287.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nadinè J Galle; Sophie Nitoslawski; Francesco Pilla. 2019. "The Internet of Nature: How taking nature online can shape urban ecosystems." The Anthropocene Review 6, no. 3: 279-287.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2019 in Landscape and Urban Planning
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ACS Style

James Steenberg; Peter N. Duinker; Sophie Nitoslawski. Ecosystem-based management revisited: Updating the concepts for urban forests. Landscape and Urban Planning 2019, 186, 24 -35.

AMA Style

James Steenberg, Peter N. Duinker, Sophie Nitoslawski. Ecosystem-based management revisited: Updating the concepts for urban forests. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2019; 186 ():24-35.

Chicago/Turabian Style

James Steenberg; Peter N. Duinker; Sophie Nitoslawski. 2019. "Ecosystem-based management revisited: Updating the concepts for urban forests." Landscape and Urban Planning 186, no. : 24-35.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2017 in Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
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ACS Style

Sophie A. Nitoslawski; James Steenberg; Peter N. Duinker; Peter G. Bush. Assessing the influence of location attributes on urban forest species composition in suburban neighbourhoods. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2017, 27, 187 -195.

AMA Style

Sophie A. Nitoslawski, James Steenberg, Peter N. Duinker, Peter G. Bush. Assessing the influence of location attributes on urban forest species composition in suburban neighbourhoods. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2017; 27 ():187-195.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sophie A. Nitoslawski; James Steenberg; Peter N. Duinker; Peter G. Bush. 2017. "Assessing the influence of location attributes on urban forest species composition in suburban neighbourhoods." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 27, no. : 187-195.

Review
Published: 01 December 2016 in Environmental Reviews
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Tree diversity is crucial to urban forest management. More diverse urban forests provide habitat for a wider range of organisms, increase resilience to pests and disease and, in cases where native tree species are well represented, contribute to local biodiversity protection. Studies have shown that tree diversity can peak in the low- to mid-density neighbourhoods found in suburban and peri-urban areas, emphasizing the potential for biodiversity enhancement during and after subdivision development. Most studies quantifying tree species composition in suburban areas focus on one or two major drivers of tree diversity, such as land use, socioeconomics and demographics, or the presence of natural features like parks or greenways. Furthermore, relatively little attention has been paid to the drivers of diversity for the variety of land types that make up the entire urban forest, which represent differences in tree planting and establishment practices, ownership, and maintenance. This paper presents an overview of drivers of tree species composition based on the literature, as well as factors that require further study because they play a role in determining the structure of the (sub)urban forest. These factors are examined in the context of four land types: street, residential property, park, and remnant woodland, and are organized under the following major themes: biophysical characteristics, community design, historical paradigms and influences, municipal management, and demographics and cultures. Based on what is known so far, a research agenda is also presented outlining major gaps in research on urban tree diversity in North America (USA and Canada). The information presented in this paper can thus serve as a guideline to inform urban forest management practices and strategically enhance tree diversity.

ACS Style

Sophie Nitoslawski; Peter N. Duinker; Peter G. Bush. A review of drivers of tree diversity in suburban areas: Research needs for North American cities. Environmental Reviews 2016, 24, 471 -483.

AMA Style

Sophie Nitoslawski, Peter N. Duinker, Peter G. Bush. A review of drivers of tree diversity in suburban areas: Research needs for North American cities. Environmental Reviews. 2016; 24 (4):471-483.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sophie Nitoslawski; Peter N. Duinker; Peter G. Bush. 2016. "A review of drivers of tree diversity in suburban areas: Research needs for North American cities." Environmental Reviews 24, no. 4: 471-483.

Journal article
Published: 31 May 2016 in Forests
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Is (sub)urban forest diversity shaped by previous land use? This study was designed to quantitatively assess the impacts of subdivision development on urban tree-species composition in two Canadian cities: Halifax, Nova Scotia, and London, Ontario. The main goal was to determine whether cities with contrasting pre-urbanized or pre-settlement landscapes—woodlands in Halifax and agricultural fields in London—also revealed differences in urban tree diversity losses and/or gains due to urbanization. In each city, four residential neighbourhoods representing two age categories, older and newer (40–50 years, <15 years), were examined and trees on three land types were sampled: public (street), private (residential), and remnant (woodland). All public street trees within the chosen neighbourhoods were inventoried and approximately 10% of the residential property lots were sampled randomly. Plots were examined in remnant forests in or near each city, representing the original forest habitats prior to agricultural and/or urban landscape transformations. Diameter at breast height, species richness and evenness, and proportions of native and non-native trees were measured. In both cities, streetscapes in newer neighbourhoods exhibit greater species richness and evenness, and are characterized by substantially more native trees. Despite this trend, developers and home owners continue to intensively plant non-native species on newer and smaller property lots. Older neighbourhoods in Halifax containing remnant forest stands hold the greatest number of native trees on private property, alluding to the importance of residual forest buffers and patches in promoting naturalness in the private urban forest. These results suggest that identifying and quantifying flows of species between green spaces during and after development is valuable in order to effectively promote native species establishment and enhance overall urban forest diversity.

ACS Style

Sophie Nitoslawski; Peter N. Duinker. Managing Tree Diversity: A Comparison of Suburban Development in Two Canadian Cities. Forests 2016, 7, 119 .

AMA Style

Sophie Nitoslawski, Peter N. Duinker. Managing Tree Diversity: A Comparison of Suburban Development in Two Canadian Cities. Forests. 2016; 7 (12):119.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sophie Nitoslawski; Peter N. Duinker. 2016. "Managing Tree Diversity: A Comparison of Suburban Development in Two Canadian Cities." Forests 7, no. 12: 119.

Review
Published: 09 June 2015 in Sustainability
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We argue that a healthy urban forest contributes immensely to the sustainability of cities. The argument is based on a comprehensive array of values elicited from Canadians in several cities. To begin, we define the urban forest as inclusive of all the trees in the city and thus representing the predominant contributor to a city’s green infrastructure. Then we enumerate and explain the broad diversity of ways in which urban people value trees in the city. We, thus, show the myriad pathways by which trees contribute positively to any city’s social, economic, and ecological sustainability. Following a short summary of the ways in which trees may detract from people’s quality of life, we present promising management directions for urban-forest improvement, as we understand the situation in Canada. We conclude that all cities can enhance their sustainability by improving the urban forest.

ACS Style

Peter N. Duinker; Camilo Ordóñez; James W. N. Steenberg; Kyle H. Miller; Sydney A. Toni; Sophie A. Nitoslawski. Trees in Canadian Cities: Indispensable Life Form for Urban Sustainability. Sustainability 2015, 7, 7379 -7396.

AMA Style

Peter N. Duinker, Camilo Ordóñez, James W. N. Steenberg, Kyle H. Miller, Sydney A. Toni, Sophie A. Nitoslawski. Trees in Canadian Cities: Indispensable Life Form for Urban Sustainability. Sustainability. 2015; 7 (6):7379-7396.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peter N. Duinker; Camilo Ordóñez; James W. N. Steenberg; Kyle H. Miller; Sydney A. Toni; Sophie A. Nitoslawski. 2015. "Trees in Canadian Cities: Indispensable Life Form for Urban Sustainability." Sustainability 7, no. 6: 7379-7396.