This work describes the fabrication of ammonia gas sensors on textile substrates by using the reactive inkjet printing for the deposition the polyaniline gas sensing layers. These layers were printed over vacuum deposited gold electrodes designed for the purposes of sensor conductivity analysis. The sensing properties such as sensing linearity, response and recovery times were studied in the range of ammonia gas concentrations from 15 to 100 ppm. The fabricated sensors showed a relevant increase in relative resistance from 0.30 to 14.4 times after exposing to ammonia gas at the concentrations of 15-100 ppm for 120 sec.

The aim of this study was to model and evaluate the Specific Energy Absorption Rate (SAR) values in humans in proximity to fixed multi-antenna I-RFID readers of passive tags under various scenarios mimicking exposure when they are incorporated in Real-Time Location Systems (RTLS), or used to monitor Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). The sources of the electromagnetic field (EMF) in the modelled readers were rectangular microstrip antennas at a resonance frequency in free space of 866 MHz from the ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID frequency range of 865–868 MHz. The obtained results of numerical modelling showed that the SAR values in the body 5 cm away from the UHF RFID readers need consideration with respect to exposure limits set by international guidelines to prevent adverse thermal effects of exposure to EMF: when the effective radiated power exceeds 5.5 W with respect to the general public/unrestricted environments exposure limits, and with respect to occupational/restricted environments exposure limits, when the effective radiated power exceeds 27.5 W.

PURPOSE: To measure the temperature parameters on the corneal surface during the delivery of standardized ultrasound energy assisted with ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs) or different temperatures of irrigating solutions in an experimental animal model. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, and Central Institute for Labor Protection, National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland. METHODS: Thirty rabbits (60 eyes) were randomly divided into 6 groups in which different OVD or balanced salt solutions (BSS) were used: group 1: Viscoat (sodium hyaluronate 3%–chondroitin sulfate); group 2: Provisc (sodium hyaluronate 1%); group 3: soft-shell technique; group 4: Celoftal (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 2%); group 5: BSS 22°C; and group 6: BSS 4°C. After the nucleus and lens cortex were removed, the anterior chamber was filled with OVD or BSS and a phaco tip was introduced into the pupillary plane and switched on. The same phaco tip parameters were used in all groups. For thermographic measurements (ie, maximal temperature [MT], dynamic rise in temperature [DRT], and time when the maximal level of temperature [TMLT] was achieved), a thermocamera was used. RESULTS: Mean preoperative temperature on the rabbit corneal surface was 22.76°C ± 1.48°C (SD). Working with a phaco tip increased the temperature in each group. A significantly higher MT was observed in group 5 (27.85°C ± 0.52°C), followed by group 2 (27.75°C ± 0.54°C), group 3 (27.74°C ± 0.46°C), and group 4 (27.25°C ± 0.60°C), than in group 6 (26.81°C ± 0.34°C) and group 1 (26.52°C ± 0.48°C) (P<.05). Significantly higher values of DRT and shorter TMLT values were observed in group 5 (1.16°C/s ± 0.42°C/s, 4 seconds) and group 6 (0.91°C/s ± 0.13°C/s, 5 seconds) than in groups 2, 3, 1, and 4 (0.09°C/s ± 0.07°C/s, 30 seconds; 0.08°C/s ± 0.04°C/s, 40 seconds; 0.07°C/s ± 0.03°C/s, 45 seconds; 0.06°C/s ± 0.02°C/s, 50 seconds, respectively) (P<.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Currently used OVDs potentially offer different levels of protection against the increase in temperature that occurs during phacoemulsification. Therefore, the surgeon should consider this aspect when choosing an OVD, particularly in difficult cases (ie, hard nucleus, shallow anterior chamber, endothelial abnormalities).

The purpose of high visibility products is to reflect light at a low angle towards the source, such as vehicle headlights. The article presents measurements of the photometric properties of selected retroreflective materials made either of microlenses on a textile base or microprisms on a polymer base. The effects of the structure of the textile and polymer layers on the photometric properties of high visibility materials is analysed and the test methods applied are described.

In this research the factors used to evaluate the light transmission through two types of acrylic hydrophobic intraocular lenses, one that contained yellow chromophore that blocks blue light transmission and the other which did not contain that filter, were defined according to various light condition, e.g., daylight and at night. The potential influence of light transmission trough intraocular lenses with or without yellow chromophore on functional vision in everyday environmental conditions was analysed.