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Xu Pan
Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China

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Short communication
Published: 04 March 2021 in Soil Biology and Biochemistry
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Litter decomposability determines litter mass loss rate, but how it affects soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) storage remains elusive. We compiled data from 25 litter decomposition studies tracing the fate of C and N during decomposition using stable C and N isotopes. An average of 24% of C lost from decomposing litter was recovered in the soil independent of the decomposition stage and the experimental conditions. In contrast, a higher amount of N lost from decomposing litter was recovered in the soil in laboratory (80%) than in field (58%) experiments. The proportion of the total C and N lost that was transferred to the soil was higher for slowly than for rapidly decomposing litter types. Our results demonstrate substantial soil C and especially N input from decomposing litters and suggest that slowly decomposing litters favor soil C and N storage compared to more rapidly decomposing litters.

ACS Style

Yong Zheng; Zhengkun Hu; Xu Pan; Xiaoyun Chen; Delphine Derrien; Feng Hu; Manqiang Liu; Stephan Hättenschwiler. Carbon and nitrogen transfer from litter to soil is higher in slow than rapid decomposing plant litter: A synthesis of stable isotope studies. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 2021, 156, 108196 .

AMA Style

Yong Zheng, Zhengkun Hu, Xu Pan, Xiaoyun Chen, Delphine Derrien, Feng Hu, Manqiang Liu, Stephan Hättenschwiler. Carbon and nitrogen transfer from litter to soil is higher in slow than rapid decomposing plant litter: A synthesis of stable isotope studies. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 2021; 156 ():108196.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yong Zheng; Zhengkun Hu; Xu Pan; Xiaoyun Chen; Delphine Derrien; Feng Hu; Manqiang Liu; Stephan Hättenschwiler. 2021. "Carbon and nitrogen transfer from litter to soil is higher in slow than rapid decomposing plant litter: A synthesis of stable isotope studies." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 156, no. : 108196.

Research paper
Published: 24 January 2021 in Global Ecology and Biogeography
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Aim Coastal wetlands provide crucial ecosystem functions and services, such as coastal protection, nutrient retention and C sequestration. Despite the important roles in global C, N and P cycling, the global variation in leaf stoichiometry across coastal wetlands remains unclear. Location Global. Time period 1980–2018. Major taxa studied Vascular plants. Methods By compiling a global dataset of 698 data records in 205 sites, we carried out systematic analyses of the world‐wide trends and their determinants of leaf element contents and ratios of plants across coastal wetlands. Results Leaf N and P contents increased significantly, but C:N, C:P and N:P ratios decreased with increasing latitude in coastal wetlands. The mean annual temperature was the predominant driver of leaf N, P and C:N, whereas soil N:P was a good predictor of leaf C:P and N:P ratios. Furthermore, N increased faster with P in plant leaves of coastal wetlands compared with terrestrial ecosystems. Within coastal wetlands, herb‐dominated salt marshes had a significantly higher leaf P content, lower leaf N:P ratio and lower scaling exponent of leaf N to P than tree‐dominated mangroves. Main conclusions The similar latitudinal patterns of leaf stoichiometry in coastal wetlands compared with terrestrial ecosystems reflected the similar influences of temperature. However, different slopes of leaf P and N:P ratios and N and P scaling relationships between these two ecosystems suggested that different salinity and tidal inundation levels result in different strategies of N and P use in coastal wetland plants. These differences in leaf stoichiometry between ecosystems and between different types of coastal wetlands might need to be emphasized in future biogeochemical modelling owing to their different roles in global nutrient and carbon cycling.

ACS Style

Yu‐Kun Hu; Xu‐Yan Liu; Nian‐Peng He; Xu Pan; Song‐Yuan Long; Wei Li; Man‐Yin Zhang; Li‐Juan Cui. Global patterns in leaf stoichiometry across coastal wetlands. Global Ecology and Biogeography 2021, 30, 852 -869.

AMA Style

Yu‐Kun Hu, Xu‐Yan Liu, Nian‐Peng He, Xu Pan, Song‐Yuan Long, Wei Li, Man‐Yin Zhang, Li‐Juan Cui. Global patterns in leaf stoichiometry across coastal wetlands. Global Ecology and Biogeography. 2021; 30 (4):852-869.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yu‐Kun Hu; Xu‐Yan Liu; Nian‐Peng He; Xu Pan; Song‐Yuan Long; Wei Li; Man‐Yin Zhang; Li‐Juan Cui. 2021. "Global patterns in leaf stoichiometry across coastal wetlands." Global Ecology and Biogeography 30, no. 4: 852-869.

Journal article
Published: 21 September 2020 in Water
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Decomposition of emergent macrophytes is now recognized as an internal nutrient source for shallow lakes. Temperate lakes always experience seasonal ice cover in winter, but the influences of emergent macrophytes decomposition on water quality have rarely been examined under ice. Here, we conducted an incubation experiment to investigate winter decomposition of two common emergent macrophytes species (Typha orientalis and Phragmites australis) and its influences on water quality in the Hengshui Lake, North China. Mesocosms simulating a lake ice regime were incubated in the field for 120 days in winter and were treated with and without plant material addition. Water quality was monitored through dissolved oxygen (DO), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N), and nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N). We found that both species were significantly decomposed in winter and that the majority of mass loss occurred in the first 10 days of decomposition when the water surface of mesocosms were already frozen. The concentrations of DO rapidly dropped to values close to zero after plant material submergence. At the end of incubation, the concentrations of DOC, TN, and NO3-N in the mesocosms with plant material addition were significantly higher than initial concentrations. In contrast, the concentrations of DOC, TN, TP, NO3-N, and NH4-N in the mesocosms without plant material addition were equal to or less than initial concentrations. Our research suggests that winter decomposition of emergent macrophytes produces negative influences on water quality under ice that lasts for the whole winter.

ACS Style

Yuanyun Wei; Manyin Zhang; Lijuan Cui; Xu Pan; Weiwei Liu; Wei Li; Yinru Lei. Winter Decomposition of Emergent Macrophytes Affects Water Quality under Ice in a Temperate Shallow Lake. Water 2020, 12, 2640 .

AMA Style

Yuanyun Wei, Manyin Zhang, Lijuan Cui, Xu Pan, Weiwei Liu, Wei Li, Yinru Lei. Winter Decomposition of Emergent Macrophytes Affects Water Quality under Ice in a Temperate Shallow Lake. Water. 2020; 12 (9):2640.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuanyun Wei; Manyin Zhang; Lijuan Cui; Xu Pan; Weiwei Liu; Wei Li; Yinru Lei. 2020. "Winter Decomposition of Emergent Macrophytes Affects Water Quality under Ice in a Temperate Shallow Lake." Water 12, no. 9: 2640.

Research paper
Published: 13 January 2020 in Global Ecology and Biogeography
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Aim High foliar silicon (henceforth Si) concentration protects plant tissues against herbivory, but protection against several abiotic stressors has also been proposed, although the adaptive significance of these functions is still being debated. We aimed to explore the potential relationships between foliar Si content and chronic wind exposure across a large scale and multiple species and to analyse an overlooked alternative or complementary function of silicon in leaves: mechanical protection against wind. Location Mainland China. Time period From July to September during 2012–2014. Major taxa studied Two hundred and eighty‐two vascular plant species in predominantly herbaceous communities. Methods We compiled a dataset for leaf silicon concentration ([Si]) across 27 sites and 153 herbaceous plots within the major climate zones of China. We hypothesized that evolutionary lineages that generally have high [Si] should show positive relationships between leaf [Si] and mean annual wind speed. Results Within major families with generally high [Si] (especially grasses, sedges and composites), leaf [Si] exhibits a consistently positive correlation with mean wind speed among species across China. For the seven widespread monocot species with high leaf [Si], including the globally distributed common reed (Phragmites australis), intraspecific variation in leaf [Si] exhibits the same consistent positive correlation with mean wind speed. Main conclusions Our findings suggest that high leaf [Si] is likely to have widespread adaptive value for wind exposure of leaves, at least in several very widespread families and species of herbaceous plants. Damage from wind is a danger for plants in many ecosystems, hence these findings are of global significance and indicate that further research into large‐scale variation of leaf Si and mechanical traits in relationship to wind exposure is likely to be illuminating.

ACS Style

Yao‐Bin Song; Yu‐Kun Hu; Xu Pan; Guo‐Fang Liu; Wei Xiong; Ming Dong; Johannes H. C. Cornelissen. Association of leaf silicon content with chronic wind exposure across and within herbaceous plant species. Global Ecology and Biogeography 2020, 29, 711 -721.

AMA Style

Yao‐Bin Song, Yu‐Kun Hu, Xu Pan, Guo‐Fang Liu, Wei Xiong, Ming Dong, Johannes H. C. Cornelissen. Association of leaf silicon content with chronic wind exposure across and within herbaceous plant species. Global Ecology and Biogeography. 2020; 29 (4):711-721.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yao‐Bin Song; Yu‐Kun Hu; Xu Pan; Guo‐Fang Liu; Wei Xiong; Ming Dong; Johannes H. C. Cornelissen. 2020. "Association of leaf silicon content with chronic wind exposure across and within herbaceous plant species." Global Ecology and Biogeography 29, no. 4: 711-721.

Journal article
Published: 27 November 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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Plant litter plays an important role in affecting the water quality of wetland ecosystems. However, it is unknown whether litter decomposability and species traits might predict water quality changes during litter submergence. Here, we conducted a greenhouse experiment to examine the effects of four submerged plant species, together with two water sources (sampled from tourism and protected areas), and oxygen injection treatments on the changes of eight water quality parameters during litter submergence. Our results showed that litter submergence significantly affected water quality changes, and the observed effects changed through time and differed between two water sources, between oxygen injection and the control treatments, and among different litter species. Moreover, water electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), water total nitrogen (TN), ammonium and nitrite nitrogen increased with increasing initial litter total carbon (TC), TN and total phosphorus (TP), but water dissolved oxygen (DO) decreased with increasing litter TC, TN and TP. Moreover, water EC, TDS and TN increased with the final mass losses after 10-week submergence. These results indicated that species traits (including decomposability) might be good predictors for the water quality changes during litter submergence, and such a trait-based approach might be a promising tool to link plant species diversity via plant functional traits to water quality or other wetland ecosystem services.

ACS Style

Xu Pan; Yunmei Ping; Yukun Hu; Yaobin Song; Xiaodong Zhang; Wei Li; Lijuan Cui; Jan Vymazal. Species traits and decomposability predict water quality changes during litter submergence. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 712, 135581 .

AMA Style

Xu Pan, Yunmei Ping, Yukun Hu, Yaobin Song, Xiaodong Zhang, Wei Li, Lijuan Cui, Jan Vymazal. Species traits and decomposability predict water quality changes during litter submergence. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 712 ():135581.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xu Pan; Yunmei Ping; Yukun Hu; Yaobin Song; Xiaodong Zhang; Wei Li; Lijuan Cui; Jan Vymazal. 2019. "Species traits and decomposability predict water quality changes during litter submergence." Science of The Total Environment 712, no. : 135581.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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Suaeda salsa is a pioneer species in coastal wetlands of East Asia and recently an ecosystem engineer species, Phragmites australis, has started to enter into S. salsa communities owing to either autogenic or external drivers. The consequences of this phenomenon on the ecosystem functions of coastal wetlands are still unclear, especially for decomposition processes. Here we compared the decomposition rate of S. salsa litter, and associated litter chemistry dynamics, between sites with and without P. australis encroachment. We conducted a litter transplantation experiment to tease apart the effects of litter quality and decomposing environment or decomposer community composition. Our results showed that P. australis encroachment led to higher carbon and phosphorus losses of S. salsa litter, but equal losses of total mass, lignin, hemicellulose and nitrogen. Phragmites australis encroachment might affect decomposition rate indirectly by making S. salsa produce litter with higher lignin concentrations or via increasing the fungal diversity for decomposition. Moreover, P. australis as an ecosystem engineer might also alter the allocation of total phosphorus between the plants and the soils in coastal wetlands. Our findings indicate that P. australis could impact aboveground and belowground carbon and nutrient dynamics in coastal wetlands, and highlight the important consequences that encroaching plant species, especially ecosystem engineers, can have on ecosystem functions and services of coastal wetlands, not only in East Asia but probably also elsewhere in the world.

ACS Style

Lijuan Cui; Xu Pan; Wei Li; Xiaodong Zhang; Guofang Liu; Yao-Bin Song; Fei-Hai Yu; Andreas Prinzing; Johannes H.C. Cornelissen. Phragmites australis meets Suaeda salsa on the “red beach”: Effects of an ecosystem engineer on salt-marsh litter decomposition. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 693, 133477 .

AMA Style

Lijuan Cui, Xu Pan, Wei Li, Xiaodong Zhang, Guofang Liu, Yao-Bin Song, Fei-Hai Yu, Andreas Prinzing, Johannes H.C. Cornelissen. Phragmites australis meets Suaeda salsa on the “red beach”: Effects of an ecosystem engineer on salt-marsh litter decomposition. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 693 ():133477.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lijuan Cui; Xu Pan; Wei Li; Xiaodong Zhang; Guofang Liu; Yao-Bin Song; Fei-Hai Yu; Andreas Prinzing; Johannes H.C. Cornelissen. 2019. "Phragmites australis meets Suaeda salsa on the “red beach”: Effects of an ecosystem engineer on salt-marsh litter decomposition." Science of The Total Environment 693, no. : 133477.

Journal article
Published: 25 September 2019 in Scientific Reports
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Plant litter is an important component in wetland ecosystems, and the role of plant litter decomposition is considered to be important for wetland ecosystem functions and services. However, the consequences of litter inputs have seldom been experimentally tested in real ecosystems such as constructed wetlands (CWs). The enriched nutrients in CWs might weaken the role of litter inputs on soil carbon and nitrogen cycling. Here, we conducted a two-month field experiment to examine the effects of litter inputs on the soils in CWs. Our results showed that litter inputs significantly affected soil microbial (bacterial and fungi) diversities and properties (soil total nitrogen and nitrogen isotopes), and litter species with higher stoichiometry ratios, i.e. C/N, C/P and N/P led to higher microbial diversities. However, litter species had no or weak effects on microbial activities (CO2 and CH4 flux) or on the relative abundance of microbial communities, indicating that other environmental factors in such a CW might have stronger effects on those factors than litter inputs. These results highlighted the importance of submerged plant litter in nutrient-rich wetland ecosystems and provide potential tools for managers to improve the ecosystem functions and/or services via altering microbial diversities.

ACS Style

Yunmei Ping; Xu Pan; Wei Li; Jinzhi Wang; Lijuan Cui. The soil bacterial and fungal diversity were determined by the stoichiometric ratios of litter inputs: evidence from a constructed wetland. Scientific Reports 2019, 9, 1 -7.

AMA Style

Yunmei Ping, Xu Pan, Wei Li, Jinzhi Wang, Lijuan Cui. The soil bacterial and fungal diversity were determined by the stoichiometric ratios of litter inputs: evidence from a constructed wetland. Scientific Reports. 2019; 9 (1):1-7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yunmei Ping; Xu Pan; Wei Li; Jinzhi Wang; Lijuan Cui. 2019. "The soil bacterial and fungal diversity were determined by the stoichiometric ratios of litter inputs: evidence from a constructed wetland." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1: 1-7.

Journal article
Published: 09 April 2018 in Sustainability
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The chlorophyll content can indicate the general health of vegetation, and can be estimated from hyperspectral data. The aim of this study is to estimate the chlorophyll content of mangroves at different stages of restoration in a coastal wetland in Quanzhou, China, using proximal hyperspectral remote sensing techniques. We determine the hyperspectral reflectance of leaves from two mangrove species, Kandelia candel and Aegiceras corniculatum, from short-term and long-term restoration areas with a portable spectroradiometer. We also measure the leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD value). We use partial-least-squares stepwise regression to determine the relationships between the spectral reflectance and the chlorophyll content of the leaves, and establish two models, a full-wave-band spectrum model and a red-edge position regression model, to estimate the chlorophyll content of the mangroves. The coefficients of determination for the red-edge position model and the full-wave-band model exceed 0.72 and 0.82, respectively. The inverted chlorophyll contents are estimated more accurately for the long-term restoration mangroves than for the short-term restoration mangroves. Our results indicate that hyperspectral data can be used to estimate the chlorophyll content of mangroves at different stages of restoration, and could possibly be adapted to estimate biochemical constituents in leaves.

ACS Style

Zhiguo Dou; Lijuan Cui; Jing Li; Yinuo Zhu; Changjun Gao; Xu Pan; Yinru Lei; Manyin Zhang; Xinsheng Zhao; Wei Li. Hyperspectral Estimation of the Chlorophyll Content in Short-Term and Long-Term Restorations of Mangrove in Quanzhou Bay Estuary, China. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1127 .

AMA Style

Zhiguo Dou, Lijuan Cui, Jing Li, Yinuo Zhu, Changjun Gao, Xu Pan, Yinru Lei, Manyin Zhang, Xinsheng Zhao, Wei Li. Hyperspectral Estimation of the Chlorophyll Content in Short-Term and Long-Term Restorations of Mangrove in Quanzhou Bay Estuary, China. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (4):1127.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhiguo Dou; Lijuan Cui; Jing Li; Yinuo Zhu; Changjun Gao; Xu Pan; Yinru Lei; Manyin Zhang; Xinsheng Zhao; Wei Li. 2018. "Hyperspectral Estimation of the Chlorophyll Content in Short-Term and Long-Term Restorations of Mangrove in Quanzhou Bay Estuary, China." Sustainability 10, no. 4: 1127.

Journal article
Published: 18 January 2018 in Water
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Nutrient removal in tidal flow constructed wetlands (TF-CW) is a complex series of nonlinear multi-parameter interactions. We simulated three tidal flow systems and a continuous vertical flow system filled with synthetic wastewater and compared the influent and effluent concentrations to examine (1) nutrient removal in artificial TF-CWs, and (2) the ability of a backpropagation (BP) artificial neural network to predict nutrient removal. The nutrient removal rates were higher under tidal flow when the idle/reaction time was two, and reached 90 ± 3%, 99 ± 1%, and 58 ± 13% for total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), and total phosphorus (TP), respectively. The main influences on nutrient removal for each scenario were identified by redundancy analysis and were input into the model to train and verify the pollutant effluent concentrations. Comparison of the actual and model-predicted effluent concentrations showed that the model predictions were good. The predicted and actual values were correlated and the margin of error was small. The BP neural network fitted best to TP, with an R2 of 0.90. The R2 values of TN, NH4+-N, and nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) were 0.67, 0.73, and 0.69, respectively.

ACS Style

Wei Li; Lijuan Cui; YaQiong Zhang; Zhangjie Cai; Manyin Zhang; Weigang Xu; Xinsheng Zhao; Yinru Lei; Xu Pan; Jing Li; Zhiguo Dou. Using a Backpropagation Artificial Neural Network to Predict Nutrient Removal in Tidal Flow Constructed Wetlands. Water 2018, 10, 83 .

AMA Style

Wei Li, Lijuan Cui, YaQiong Zhang, Zhangjie Cai, Manyin Zhang, Weigang Xu, Xinsheng Zhao, Yinru Lei, Xu Pan, Jing Li, Zhiguo Dou. Using a Backpropagation Artificial Neural Network to Predict Nutrient Removal in Tidal Flow Constructed Wetlands. Water. 2018; 10 (1):83.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei Li; Lijuan Cui; YaQiong Zhang; Zhangjie Cai; Manyin Zhang; Weigang Xu; Xinsheng Zhao; Yinru Lei; Xu Pan; Jing Li; Zhiguo Dou. 2018. "Using a Backpropagation Artificial Neural Network to Predict Nutrient Removal in Tidal Flow Constructed Wetlands." Water 10, no. 1: 83.

Journal article
Published: 27 October 2017 in Water
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Wetland plants are important components in constructed wetlands (CWs), and one of their most important functions in CWs is to purify the water. However, wetland plant litter can also increase eutrophication of water via decomposition and nutrient release, and few studies have focused on the interspecific variation in the decomposition rate and nutrient release of multiple plant species in CWs. Here a greenhouse litter-bag experiment was conducted to quantify the decomposition rates and nutrient release of 7 dominant macrophytes (2 floating plants and 5 emergent plants) in three types of water substrate. The results showed that plant litter species and growth forms significantly affected the litter mass losses. The nutrient release was significantly different among plant litter species, but not between floating and emergent plants. Litter traits, such as litter lignin, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) can well predict the decomposition rates of submerged litter. These results indicated that submerging litter in water did not change the relationships between litter traits and litter decomposition rates, and leaching might play a more important role in the decomposition of submerged litter in CWs than that in other terrestrial ecosystems. These findings can provide suggestions for managers about the maintenance of constructed wetlands.

ACS Style

Yunmei Ping; Xu Pan; Lijuan Cui; Wei Li; Yinru Lei; Jian Zhou; Jiaming Wei. Effects of Plant Growth Form and Water Substrates on the Decomposition of Submerged Litter: Evidence of Constructed Wetland Plants in a Greenhouse Experiment. Water 2017, 9, 827 .

AMA Style

Yunmei Ping, Xu Pan, Lijuan Cui, Wei Li, Yinru Lei, Jian Zhou, Jiaming Wei. Effects of Plant Growth Form and Water Substrates on the Decomposition of Submerged Litter: Evidence of Constructed Wetland Plants in a Greenhouse Experiment. Water. 2017; 9 (11):827.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yunmei Ping; Xu Pan; Lijuan Cui; Wei Li; Yinru Lei; Jian Zhou; Jiaming Wei. 2017. "Effects of Plant Growth Form and Water Substrates on the Decomposition of Submerged Litter: Evidence of Constructed Wetland Plants in a Greenhouse Experiment." Water 9, no. 11: 827.

Journal article
Published: 07 April 2017 in Sustainability
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Invasion by free-floating species, such as Eichhornia crassipes, is one of the most critical threats to the biodiversity and sustainability of wetland ecosystems, where all plants experience spatial heterogeneity in substrate nutrients. However, few studies have focused on the effects of free-floating invaders on the capacity of submerged plants to utilize substrate nutrients. A 10-week greenhouse experiment was conducted to test the effects of free-floating invasive E. crassipes (presence or absence) on the growth of Ceratophyllum demersum and Myriophyllum spicatum, and their capacity to use heterogeneous and homogeneous substrate nutrients. We found that the invasion of E. crassipes could significantly decrease the growth of both submerged C. demersum and M. spicatum and that substrate nutrient heterogeneity increased the growth of C. demersum (approximately 30% in total biomass and 40% in the number of nodes) but not of M. spicatum. The two submerged species have different strategies to address invasion by E. crassipes. These results indicate that E. crassipes can prevent the growth of submerged plants even if the submerged plants can effectively use heterogeneous nutrients. For the effective conservation of submerged macrophytes in wetlands, measures should be taken to restrict the spread of invasive free-floating species.

ACS Style

Jian Zhou; Xu Pan; Haiting Xu; Qi Wang; Lijuan Cui. Invasive Eichhornia crassipes Affects the Capacity of Submerged Macrophytes to Utilize Nutrients. Sustainability 2017, 9, 565 .

AMA Style

Jian Zhou, Xu Pan, Haiting Xu, Qi Wang, Lijuan Cui. Invasive Eichhornia crassipes Affects the Capacity of Submerged Macrophytes to Utilize Nutrients. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (4):565.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jian Zhou; Xu Pan; Haiting Xu; Qi Wang; Lijuan Cui. 2017. "Invasive Eichhornia crassipes Affects the Capacity of Submerged Macrophytes to Utilize Nutrients." Sustainability 9, no. 4: 565.

Journal article
Published: 07 November 2016 in Water
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We monitored the water quality and hydrological conditions of a horizontal subsurface constructed wetland (HSSF-CW) in Beijing, China, for two years. We simulated the area-based constant and the temperature coefficient with the first-order kinetic model. We examined the relationships between the nitrogen (N) removal rate, N load, seasonal variations in the N removal rate, and environmental factors—such as the area-based constant, temperature, and dissolved oxygen (DO). The effluent ammonia (NH4+-N) and nitrate (NO3−-N) concentrations were significantly lower than the influent concentrations (p < 0.01, n = 38). The NO3−-N load was significantly correlated with the removal rate (R2 = 0.96, p < 0.01), but the NH4+-N load was not correlated with the removal rate (R2 = 0.02, p > 0.01). The area-based constants of NO3−-N and NH4+-N at 20 °C were 27 ± 26 (mean ± SD) and 14 ± 10 m∙year−1, respectively. The temperature coefficients for NO3−-N and NH4+-N were estimated at 1.004 and 0.960, respectively. The area-based constants for NO3−-N and NH4+-N were not correlated with temperature (p > 0.01). The NO3−-N area-based constant was correlated with the corresponding load (R2 = 0.96, p < 0.01). The NH4+-N area rate was correlated with DO (R2 = 0.69, p < 0.01), suggesting that the factors that influenced the N removal rate in this wetland met Liebig’s law of the minimum.

ACS Style

Lijuan Cui; Wei Li; YaQiong Zhang; Jiaming Wei; Yinru Lei; Manyin Zhang; Xu Pan; Xinsheng Zhao; Kai Li; Wu Ma. Nitrogen Removal in a Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland Estimated Using the First-Order Kinetic Model. Water 2016, 8, 514 .

AMA Style

Lijuan Cui, Wei Li, YaQiong Zhang, Jiaming Wei, Yinru Lei, Manyin Zhang, Xu Pan, Xinsheng Zhao, Kai Li, Wu Ma. Nitrogen Removal in a Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland Estimated Using the First-Order Kinetic Model. Water. 2016; 8 (11):514.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lijuan Cui; Wei Li; YaQiong Zhang; Jiaming Wei; Yinru Lei; Manyin Zhang; Xu Pan; Xinsheng Zhao; Kai Li; Wu Ma. 2016. "Nitrogen Removal in a Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland Estimated Using the First-Order Kinetic Model." Water 8, no. 11: 514.