The most common failure mode of implantable neural implants has been delamination of layers in compound structures and encapsulations in a wet body environment. Current knowledge of failure mechanisms of adhesion and its standardized test procedures are lacking and must be established. This study demonstrated a combined experimental and numerical method to investigate the residual stresses from one of the most common encapsulation materials, silicone rubber (polydimethylsiloxane-PDMS) during the coating process at elevated temperatures. Measured shrinkage of test specimen correlates well to a modified shrinkage model using thermal-mechanical finite element method (FEM) simulation. All simulated interfacial stresses show stress concentration at the PDMS coating front depending on curing temperature and coating thickness, while Griffith’s condition estimated the delamination of the coating front. This study emphasizes the understanding of the interfacial delamination giving the possibility to predict failure mode of neural interface.

The rapid advancement of three-dimensional (3D) printing in dentistry has prompted comparisons between the mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA) samples fabricated using material extrusion (MEx) and resin samples produced using digital light processing (DLP). This study aims to assess the potential of replacing resin-based models with PLA models in clinical settings by evaluating the mechanical properties and accuracy of MEx-printed PLA and DLP-printed resin samples. The investigated materials include pure PLA, a PLA composite containing gypsum, and a clinically approved resin material. Strength and hardness tests were conducted using custom-made samples measuring 16 × 4 × 2 mm ³ . Additionally, oral cavity scans were used to generate oral models for each material to assess their accuracy, trueness, and precision. The results indicated that pure PLA exhibited the highest flexural modulus (2055 ± 217.70 MPa) and compression modulus (2.40 ± 0.14 GPa). The PLA-Gypsum composite displayed the highest hardness (19.48 ± 2.12 HV1). As for the trueness of the oral models, there were no statistically significant differences between the models made from the three materials. However, the PLA-Gypsum composite demonstrated the best precision (23.84 ± 4.12 μm). These findings suggest that both PLA materials have significant potential to replace DLP-produced resin models in the clinical applications. Graphical Abstract

With the increasing proportion of renewable energy in the energy system, problems such as power fluctuation and difficulty in frequency and voltage regulation are aggravated. The application of energy storage can alleviate these problems, and reasonable commercial mechanism analysis and benefit evaluation can promote the adoption of energy storage technology by the society. In this paper, the commercial mechanism is divided into four dominant modes based on market subjects, the main application scenarios of each mode are given, and the dominant modes are compared from the perspectives of technology, economy and society. Finally, the benefit evaluation models of each application scenario are constructed. The content of this paper has a certain reference value for investors of energy storage devices.

Dental cementum is the bone‐like tissue that adjoins the tooth root to the jaw‐anchoring periodontal ligament while contributing to the transmission of mastication forces into the jawbones. Despite its essential role, important details about the organization of its organic extracellular matrix remain poorly understood. Here, we present a multiscale structural analysis of young, mature, healthy porcine dental cementum using an integrated imaging approach. Proteoglycan‐rich domains were identified by immunohistochemistry and histochemical staining (Biglycan and Alcian Blue), while quantitative polarized light microscopy was used to map collagen fiber orientation and retardance across upper (cervical), mid‐root and root‐tip (apical) levels, examined around the four premolar‐tooth aspects. Micro‐computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy of the mineralized‐structure are shown for reference. Our quantitative proteoglycan and collagen‐fiber results show that cementum is regionally heterogeneous with gradients seen along the root axis. Proteoglycan‐rich layers double in prevalence and thickness toward the apical region. Collagen fibers often comprise two principal, approximately orthogonal fiber populations, whose orientations and relative proportions vary along both the cervical‒apical and circumferential directions of the root. Together, these findings support a model in which mature non‐aged cementum exhibits coordinated regional variation in collagen organization and proteoglycan distribution. This architecture is consistent with a mechanically specialized damping structure made of layers of mineralized fibers, in which collagen orientations may contribute to tension load transfer while the hydrated proteoglycan matrix may support compression strain energy dissipation under occlusal loading. These findings provide new insights into the functional organization of the cementum and may offer useful design principles for biomimetic nanocomposite materials and regenerative dental therapies.

Demand for electric vehicle (EV) chargers has surged due to rapid EV production growth. At Star Charge, V2X (Vehicle to Load/Grid/Home) technology has emerged as a key research domain to harness the bidirectional power transmission of EV chargers and power batteries. This study describes the pre-stage DC-AC topology and control strategy for the V2X charging system. In order to achieve zero voltage switching (ZVS), the control strategy employed triple phase shift modulation and addressed startup inrush current with a phase-shift angle algorithm. A SiC-MOSFET-based 11kW V2X charger and its control strategy were tested under various operating conditions to confirm their efficacy.