The persistence of symptoms for more than three months following infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is referred to as “Long COVID”. To gain a deeper understanding of the etiology and long-term progression of symptoms, this study aims to analyze the prevalence of Long COVID and its associated factors in a cohort of Brazilian adults and elders, twelve months after hospital discharge. An observational, prospective, and follow-up study was performed with a cohort of adults and older adults diagnosed with COVID-19 in 2020 in the State of Paraná, Brazil. Twelve months after hospital discharge, patients answered a phone questionnaire about the persistence of symptoms after three levels of exposure to COVID-19’s acute phase (ambulatory, medical ward, and intensive care unit). According to the characteristics of participants, the prevalence of Long COVID-19 was calculated, and logistic regression analyses were conducted. We analyzed data from 1822 participants (980 adults [≥18–<60 years] and 842 older people [≥60 years]) across three exposure levels. The overall Long COVID prevalence was 64.2%. Long COVID was observed in 646 adults (55%; of which 326 were women) and 523 older people (45%; of which 284 were women). Females had a higher prevalence of long-term symptoms (52%) compared with men. The most common post-COVID-19 conditions in the 12-month follow-up were neurological (49.8%), followed by musculoskeletal (35.1%) and persistent respiratory symptoms (26.5%). Male individuals were less likely to develop Long COVID (aOR = 0.50). Other determinants were also considered risky, such as the presence of comorbidities (aOR = 1.41). Being an adult and having been hospitalized was associated with the development of Long COVID. The risk of developing Long COVID was twice as high for ward patients (aOR = 2.53) and three times as high for ICU patients (aOR = 3.56) when compared to non-hospitalized patients. Presenting clinical manifestations of digestive (aOR = 1.56), endocrine (aOR = 2.14), cutaneous (aOR = 2.51), musculoskeletal (aOR = 2.76) and psychological systems (aOR = 1.66) made adults more likely to develop Long COVID. Long COVID was present in a large proportion of people affected by the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Presence of Long COVID symptoms displayed a dose–response relationship with the level of disease exposure, with a greater prevalence of symptoms associated with the severe form in the acute period.

El bienestar ha sido estudiado ampliamente en las últimas décadas, y se le ha relacionado con múltiples variables. El presente artículo describe la relación entre el bienestar y los valores culturales, encontrada a través de la investigación empírica. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos WoS y SCOPUS, considerando como palabras clave valores culturales y bienestar (cultural values & well-being). Los resultados son diversos y dan cuenta de la influencia del contexto cultural sobre el comportamiento del bienestar en los diferentes grupos humanos, dado que los niveles de bienestar se relacionan de forma diferente con múltiples variables, dependiendo del contexto sociocultural donde se hayan estudiado. Se espera, con esta revisión, poder contribuir a la comprensión de los valores culturales como mediadores en los niveles de bienestar del ser humano.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the mediating effect of optimism in the anxiety-trait relationship and psychological well-being in higher education students. The sample consisted of 332 students of higher education in Antofagasta, Chile, with an average age of 21.8 years. It is found that the negative effect of anxiety-trait on the dimensions of psychological well-being diminishes when incorporating optimism in the regression. It is concluded that optimism has a partial mediating effect on the dimensions of psychological well-being, except in personal growth, where it exercises total mediation.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the mediating effect of the value orientations of collectivism and individualism on the relationship between ethnic identity and well-being, the latter conceived from the worldview of Andean natives. For this purpose, under an observational and cross-sectional design, 395 Lickan-Antay adults (57% women) living in areas of indigenous development and in two cities in northern Chile were surveyed. We used the Lickan-Antay BLA32 well-being scale, a short version of the Portrait 21 Values Questionnaire to measure individualistic and collectivistic values, and an adapted version of the Ethnic Identity Scale. The results show that ethnic identity had a direct positive effect on all three dimensions of well-being (harmony with community life, ethnic harmony and harmony with nature), and total indirect effects on all five dimensions of well-being, one of them originating mainly from collectivist orientations. Individualistic orientations also showed a positive, though less intense, mediating effect on well-being. We conclude that collectivist and individualistic motivational patterns coexist in Lickan-Antay natives and explain an important part of the relationship between ethnic identity and well-being. Finally, we discuss our results and suggest replication of this study in other ethnic contexts to assess the generalizability of these findings to other native peoples of the Andean region of South America.

Background: Stress and anxiety are common problems among nursing students, affecting their mental health and academic performance. Compassion training has been shown to be effective in reducing these states. Objectives: This study evaluated the effects of a compassion-based course on perceived stress and anxiety (state and trait) among nursing students at a state university in Chile. Methods: A pre-experimental design was implemented with 45 second-year students, who completed evaluations before and after the intervention. The course included 10 sessions involving compassion meditation, mindfulness, self-compassion exercises, and autonomous practice. Results: The results showed significant reductions in and a high effect size regarding perceived stress (Cohen’s d = 0.83) and state anxiety (Cohen’s d = 0.74), while trait anxiety showed a moderate reduction (Cohen’s d = 0.34). Mediation analysis revealed that increases in self-compassion mediated the relationship between autonomous practice time and reductions in stress and trait anxiety. Conclusions: These findings suggest that compassion training is an effective strategy for reducing stress and anxiety in nursing students, improving their emotional regulation and preparation for professional practice. Therefore, it is necessary to include this approach in students’ curricular programs.

Objetivo. Analizar el significado del bienestar desde la perspectiva de un pueblo indígena andino: lickan-antay. Método. Estudio cualitativo, diseño descriptivo con fines comprensivos, con muestreo intencionado por bola de nieve. Se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, analizando los discursos de 16 lickan-antay de diferentes comunidades del norte de Chile, utilizando para esto, herramientas de la teoría fundamentada. Resultados. El significado del bienestar para los/las lickan-antay, se relaciona con la integración de diferentes armonías: armonía interna, armonía comunitaria, armonía con la naturaleza y la armonía en el desarrollo étnico-cultural lickan-antay. Conclusiones. El significado del bienestar para los/las lickan-antay está orientado por una concepción del mundo eco-cosmocéntrica, compartida con otros pueblos indígenas andinos, que difiere de los enfoques occidentales del bienestar. Se hace necesario desarrollar una línea de investigación local, que permita establecer un cuerpo de conocimientos transculturales, en torno cuidado y la atención de las/los lickan-antay.