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This paper aims to explain the phenomenon of laser light trapping (LLT) in a 3D polymer gel dosimeter. A VIC-T polymer gel dosimeter containing 17% N-vinylpyrrolidone, 8% N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide, 12% tert-butyl alcohol, 5% gelatine, 0.02% hydroquinone and 14 mM tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride was used in this study. It was exposed to green laser light with a wavelength of 532 nm. A film was recorded during the exposure. After exposure, Raman spectroscopy was used to study the reactions taking place inside the dosimeter. The obtained results were used to explain what the LLT phenomenon is, what are the consequences for the dosimeter in which such a phenomenon occurs, and what dosimeter components play an important role in the occurrence of LLT. In addition, the conditions under which 3D polymer gel dosimeters can be measured using optical computed tomography at short wavelengths of visible laser light are indicated.
Marek Kozicki; Malwina Jaszczak; Mariusz Dudek; Piotr Maras. Laser Light Trapping Phenomenon in a 3D Radiotherapy Polymer Gel Dosimeter. Materials 2021, 14, 3961 .
AMA StyleMarek Kozicki, Malwina Jaszczak, Mariusz Dudek, Piotr Maras. Laser Light Trapping Phenomenon in a 3D Radiotherapy Polymer Gel Dosimeter. Materials. 2021; 14 (14):3961.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarek Kozicki; Malwina Jaszczak; Mariusz Dudek; Piotr Maras. 2021. "Laser Light Trapping Phenomenon in a 3D Radiotherapy Polymer Gel Dosimeter." Materials 14, no. 14: 3961.
This work reports on the surface-modified woven fabrics for use as UV radiation sensors. The cotton and polyamide fabrics were printed with radiochromic hydrogels using a screen-printing method. The hydrogels used as a printing paste were composed of water, poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic F-127) as a gel matrix and nitro blue tetrazolium chloride as a radiation-sensitive compound. The development of the hydrogels’ colour occurs after exposure to UV radiation and its intensity increases with increasing absorbed dose. The features of the NBT-Pluronic F-127 radiochromic hydrogels and the fabrics printed with the hydrogels were examined using UV-Vis and reflectance spectrophotometry as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of NBT concentration and UV radiation type (UVA, UVB, UVC) on dose responses of the hydrogels and printed fabrics were also examined. The results obtained reveal that the fabrics printed with NBT-Pluronic F-127 hydrogels can be potentially useful as UV radiation sensors.
Elżbieta Sąsiadek; Malwina Jaszczak; Joanna Skwarek; Marek Kozicki. NBT-Pluronic F-127 Hydrogels Printed on Flat Textiles as UV Radiation Sensors. Materials 2021, 14, 3435 .
AMA StyleElżbieta Sąsiadek, Malwina Jaszczak, Joanna Skwarek, Marek Kozicki. NBT-Pluronic F-127 Hydrogels Printed on Flat Textiles as UV Radiation Sensors. Materials. 2021; 14 (12):3435.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElżbieta Sąsiadek; Malwina Jaszczak; Joanna Skwarek; Marek Kozicki. 2021. "NBT-Pluronic F-127 Hydrogels Printed on Flat Textiles as UV Radiation Sensors." Materials 14, no. 12: 3435.
This work concerns a new potassium iodide based radiochromic gel dosimeter with Pluronic F-127 gel matrix. The optimal dosimeter composition obtained in this work comprises 200 mM potassium iodide as a radiation sensitive colour changing compound, 200 mM fructose, 50 mM gluconic acid δ-lactone and 25% (w/w) poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic F-127) as a physical gel matrix. The potassium iodide changes from colourless to yellow colour upon ionizing radiation and the intensity of colour increases with an increase of radiation dose. The dosimeter after irradiation was measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometry to derive basic characteristics related to dose response: threshold dose, linear and dynamic dose response, dose sensitivity as well as stability over time after irradiation. Water equivalence was also analysed with respect to other similar 3D radiochromic gel dosimeters for a broad photon energy range. The results obtained indicate that the KI-Pluronic F-127 radiochromic gel dosimeter shows potential for use in 3D radiotherapy dosimetry.
M. Jaszczak; E. Sasiadek; S. Kadlubowski; M. Dudek; M. Kozicki. Preliminary study on a new 3D radiochromic KI-Pluronic F-127 gel dosimeter for radiotherapy. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 2021, 185, 109507 .
AMA StyleM. Jaszczak, E. Sasiadek, S. Kadlubowski, M. Dudek, M. Kozicki. Preliminary study on a new 3D radiochromic KI-Pluronic F-127 gel dosimeter for radiotherapy. Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 2021; 185 ():109507.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Jaszczak; E. Sasiadek; S. Kadlubowski; M. Dudek; M. Kozicki. 2021. "Preliminary study on a new 3D radiochromic KI-Pluronic F-127 gel dosimeter for radiotherapy." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 185, no. : 109507.
This work reports on the characteristic of a 3D polymer gel dosimeter with poly (ethylene oxide)-block-poly (propylene oxide)-block-poly (ethylene oxide) (Pluronic F-127) gel matrix. The dosimeter (acronym: VIP3-Pluronic F-127) comprises 4% (w/w) N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP), 4% (w/w) N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), 4% (w/w) tert-butanol, 10 mM tetrakis (hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC) and 25% (w/w) Pluronic F-127. A medical ionizing radiation source was used for irradiation of VIP3-Pluronic F-127 and the dosimeter was measured with a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR, 0.47 T) relaxometer. The mean dose sensitivity of VIP3-Pluronic F-127 amounted to 0.1873 ± 0.0091 Gy−1 s−1, the intercept was equal to 1.3614 ± 0.0511 s−1, the linear dose response was in the range of 1–20 Gy, the dynamic dose range was of 1–50 Gy and the threshold dose was of ∼1 Gy. The manufacturing process of VIP3-Pluronic F-127 was repeatable and the dosimeter was stable for at least 8 days after irradiation (no measurements for longer time period were performed). It was also found that the dose response of VIP3-Pluronic F-127 is independent of the radiation dose rate and energy, and type of radiation (photons and electrons). The results obtained indicate that VIP3-Pluronic F-127 is promising as a polymer gel dosimeter for use in radiotherapy dosimetry.
M. Jaszczak; P. Maras; M. Kozicki. Characterization of a new N-vinylpyrrolidone-containing polymer gel dosimeter with Pluronic F-127 gel matrix. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 2020, 177, 109125 .
AMA StyleM. Jaszczak, P. Maras, M. Kozicki. Characterization of a new N-vinylpyrrolidone-containing polymer gel dosimeter with Pluronic F-127 gel matrix. Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 2020; 177 ():109125.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Jaszczak; P. Maras; M. Kozicki. 2020. "Characterization of a new N-vinylpyrrolidone-containing polymer gel dosimeter with Pluronic F-127 gel matrix." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 177, no. : 109125.
Different microstructures were created on the surface of a polycrystalline diamond plate (obtained by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition—MW PECVD process) by use of a nanosecond pulsed DPSS (diode pumped solid state) laser with a 355 nm wavelength and a galvanometer scanning system. Different average powers (5 to 11 W), scanning speeds (50 to 400 mm/s) and scan line spacings (“hatch spacing”) (5 to 20 µm) were applied. The microstructures were then examined using scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy and Raman spectroscopy techniques. Microstructures exhibiting excellent geometry were obtained. The precise geometries of the microstructures, exhibiting good perpendicularity, deep channels and smooth surfaces show that the laser microprocessing can be applied in manufacturing diamond microfluidic devices. Raman spectra show small differences depending on the process parameters used. In some cases, the diamond band (at 1332 cm−1) after laser modification of material is only slightly wider and shifted, but with no additional peaks, indicating that the diamond is almost not changed after laser interaction. Some parameters did show that the modification of material had occurred and additional peaks in Raman spectra (typical for low-quality chemical vapor deposition CVD diamond) appeared, indicating the growing disorder of material or manufacturing of the new carbon phase.
Mariusz Dudek; Adam Rosowski; Marcin Kozanecki; Malwina Jaszczak; Witold Szymański; Martin Sharp; Anna Karczemska. Microstructures Manufactured in Diamond by Use of Laser Micromachining. Materials 2020, 13, 1199 .
AMA StyleMariusz Dudek, Adam Rosowski, Marcin Kozanecki, Malwina Jaszczak, Witold Szymański, Martin Sharp, Anna Karczemska. Microstructures Manufactured in Diamond by Use of Laser Micromachining. Materials. 2020; 13 (5):1199.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMariusz Dudek; Adam Rosowski; Marcin Kozanecki; Malwina Jaszczak; Witold Szymański; Martin Sharp; Anna Karczemska. 2020. "Microstructures Manufactured in Diamond by Use of Laser Micromachining." Materials 13, no. 5: 1199.
M Kozicki; Malwina Jaszczak; K Kwiatos; P Maras; S Kadlubowski; Radoslaw Wach; Mariusz Dudek. Three-dimensional radiochromic and polymer gel dosimeters with Pluronic F-127 matrix – a review of current research. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2019, 1305, 1 .
AMA StyleM Kozicki, Malwina Jaszczak, K Kwiatos, P Maras, S Kadlubowski, Radoslaw Wach, Mariusz Dudek. Three-dimensional radiochromic and polymer gel dosimeters with Pluronic F-127 matrix – a review of current research. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2019; 1305 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM Kozicki; Malwina Jaszczak; K Kwiatos; P Maras; S Kadlubowski; Radoslaw Wach; Mariusz Dudek. 2019. "Three-dimensional radiochromic and polymer gel dosimeters with Pluronic F-127 matrix – a review of current research." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1305, no. : 1.
M Kozicki; Malwina Jaszczak; P Maras; Mariusz Dudek. A chemical evolution of NVP-containing VIPAR-family 3D polymer gel dosimeters – a brief overview. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2019, 1305, 1 .
AMA StyleM Kozicki, Malwina Jaszczak, P Maras, Mariusz Dudek. A chemical evolution of NVP-containing VIPAR-family 3D polymer gel dosimeters – a brief overview. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2019; 1305 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM Kozicki; Malwina Jaszczak; P Maras; Mariusz Dudek. 2019. "A chemical evolution of NVP-containing VIPAR-family 3D polymer gel dosimeters – a brief overview." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1305, no. : 1.
This work reports results related to the manufacturing and optimisation of a leuco crystal violet (LCV)-Pluronic F-127 radiochromic gel dosimeter suitable for 3D radiotherapy dosimetry. A feature of this gel is that the natural gelatine polymer, which is most often used as a matrix in 3D dosimeters, is substituted with Pluronic F-127 synthetic copolymer (poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide). Pluronic F-127 ensures a higher transparency than gelatine, which may be beneficial for optical computed tomography readout, and improves the thermal properties in the temperature range above ~30 °C at which the gelatine physical gel converts to a solution. The optimal composition obtained comprises 2 mM LCV, 4 mM 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl-polyethylene glycol (Triton X-100), 17 mM trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) and 25% Pluronic F-127. Its main dose-response features are 4‒150 Gy linear dose range (150 Gy was the maximal dose applied to gels in this work), 0.0070 Gy-1 cm-1 dose sensitivity (derived from absorbance (600 nm) = f (dose) for 6 MeV electrons, 0.88(3) Gy s-1 and 0.0156 Gy-1 cm-1 derived from optical density (Δµ) = f (dose) for 6 MV x-rays, 0.1010 Gy s-1), low initial colour (initial absorbance = 0.0429) and a diffusion coefficient of crystal violet (CV) in LCV-Pluronic of 0.054 ± 0.023 mm2 h-1. Raman spectroscopy was used to characterize LCV-Pluronic chemical changes after irradiation. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed that LCV-Pluronic is stable in temperatures between approximately 11 °C and 56 °C. Irradiation of LCV-Pluronic gel impacts on its first sol-gel transition temperature and the thermal effect of this process-both increased with absorbed dose, which might be related to the degradation of Pluronic. LCV-Pluronic is a promising 3D dosimeter for ionising radiation applications. Further work is needed to improve LCV-Pluronic response in the low dose region, and characterize potential effects of pH, temperature during irradiation, and radiation quality/dose rate on dose response characteristics.
Konstantina Kouvati; Malwina Jaszczak; Panagiotis Papagiannis; Slawomir Kadlubowski; Radoslaw Wach; Piotr Maras; Mariusz Dudek; Marek Kozicki. Leuco crystal violet-Pluronic F-127 3D radiochromic gel dosimeter. Physics in Medicine & Biology 2019, 64, 175017 .
AMA StyleKonstantina Kouvati, Malwina Jaszczak, Panagiotis Papagiannis, Slawomir Kadlubowski, Radoslaw Wach, Piotr Maras, Mariusz Dudek, Marek Kozicki. Leuco crystal violet-Pluronic F-127 3D radiochromic gel dosimeter. Physics in Medicine & Biology. 2019; 64 (17):175017.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKonstantina Kouvati; Malwina Jaszczak; Panagiotis Papagiannis; Slawomir Kadlubowski; Radoslaw Wach; Piotr Maras; Mariusz Dudek; Marek Kozicki. 2019. "Leuco crystal violet-Pluronic F-127 3D radiochromic gel dosimeter." Physics in Medicine & Biology 64, no. 17: 175017.
This work reports on the impact of tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC) on the properties of a VIC gel dosimeter (VIC is an abbreviated acronym of VIPARCT). THPC was used as a substitute oxygen scavenger in VIC (17% N-vinylpyrrolidone, 8% N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, 12% tert-butyl alcohol, 7.5% gelatine, 0.02% hydroquinone and an oxygen scavenger of 0.007% ascorbic acid and 0.0008% CuSO4×5H2O). THPC reduced the gelation time of VIC from hours to minutes. The best composition (VIC-T) contained 14 mM THPC and a reduced gelatine concentration (5%) with respect to VIC, which allowed for gelation in about 3 min. VIC-T was characterised by the same dose sensitivity (0.176 ± 0.003 Gy-1 s-1) for VIC-T and 0.171 ± 0.002 Gy-1 s-1 for VIC), dose threshold (0.5 Gy) and dynamic dose range (0.5‒50 Gy) as VIC, and a lower linear dose range (20 Gy for VIC-T, 30 Gy for VIC) (0.47 T NMR measurements). VIC-T was stable for at least 10 days after irradiation, and 3D dose distribution was stable for over 4 months after irradiation. The dose response of VIC-T was independent of the radiation dose rate, type and energy of radiation for 6 and 15 MV photons and 12 MeV electrons. This is an improvement with respect to VIC which showed a different dose response for 6 MV photons than for 12 MeV electrons and 15 MV photons. Raman spectroscopy showed similarity in the rate of radiation-induced conversion of monomers in VIC and VIC-T, indicating interaction of THPC with gelatine in VIC-T, and showed ageing of gelatine in both dosimeters. Differential scanning calorimetry showed VIC-T stability at 0–80 °C (VIC: 0‒29.5 °C). The chemical polymerisation and crosslinking of gelatine with THPC is reported, the mechanism of which was analysed in detail. A comparison of N-vinylpyrrolidone-containing dosimeters is presented in this work.
Malwina Jaszczak; Beata Kolesinska; Radosław Wach; Piotr Maras; Mariusz Dudek; Marek Kozicki. Examination of THPC as an oxygen scavenger impacting VIC dosimeter thermal stability and comparison of NVP-containing polymer gel dosimeters. Physics in Medicine & Biology 2018, 64, 035019 .
AMA StyleMalwina Jaszczak, Beata Kolesinska, Radosław Wach, Piotr Maras, Mariusz Dudek, Marek Kozicki. Examination of THPC as an oxygen scavenger impacting VIC dosimeter thermal stability and comparison of NVP-containing polymer gel dosimeters. Physics in Medicine & Biology. 2018; 64 (3):035019.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMalwina Jaszczak; Beata Kolesinska; Radosław Wach; Piotr Maras; Mariusz Dudek; Marek Kozicki. 2018. "Examination of THPC as an oxygen scavenger impacting VIC dosimeter thermal stability and comparison of NVP-containing polymer gel dosimeters." Physics in Medicine & Biology 64, no. 3: 035019.
This work discusses the substitution of a gelatine physical gel matrix with a matrix made of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic F-127) in five 3D radiotherapy polymer gel dosimeters: MAGAT, PAGAT, NIPAM, VIPARnd (VIP) and VIPARCT (VIC). The current research outcomes showed that not each polymer gel dosimeter could be manufactured with Pluronic F-127. Two of the polymer gel dosimeters (PAGAT and VIP) containing the Pluronic F‐127 matrix allowed for some proper dose response for radiotherapy dosimetry (a response to a dose range of e.g. 0‒50 Gy). The new best performing Pluronic‐based polymer gel dosimeters were characterised by improved nuclear magnetic resonance properties, when being compared to gels with gelatine matrix at the same monomer content. These are: (i) a ~33% higher dose sensitivity; (ii) a comparable or slightly higher linear and dynamic dose range and (iii) a lower (new VIP composition, VIP3) or equivocal (new PAGAT composition, PAGAT2‐Pluronic) dose threshold. However, there might be optimised gelatine based polymer dosimeters demonstrating even better sensitivity. UV-Vis spectrophotometry measurements revealed that Pluronic matrices ensure six-times lower (VIP3–Pluronic) and eight-times lower (PAGAT2–Pluronic) absorbance (at 400 nm) of non-irradiated gels compared to gelatine matrices, which makes the new polymer gel dosimeters optically improved in comparison to their corresponding gelatine-based compositions. The differences in absorption reduce for higher wavelengths. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements revealed the following temperature stability ranges for the gels: (i) VIP with gelatine matrix: 0‒26°C, (ii) VIP3 with Pluronic matrix: 13.8–55.2°C, (iii) PAGAT2 with gelatine matrix: 0–80°C and (iv) PAGAT2 with Pluronic matrix: 21.4–55.2°C. In conclusion, Pluronic F-127 is an attractive co-polymer to serve as a substitute for the gelatine matrix in some 3D polymer gel dosimeters.
Malwina Jaszczak; Radosław Wach; Piotr Maras; Mariusz Dudek; Marek Kozicki. Substituting gelatine with Pluronic F-127 matrix in 3D polymer gel dosimeters can improve nuclear magnetic resonance, thermal and optical properties. Physics in Medicine & Biology 2018, 63, 175010 .
AMA StyleMalwina Jaszczak, Radosław Wach, Piotr Maras, Mariusz Dudek, Marek Kozicki. Substituting gelatine with Pluronic F-127 matrix in 3D polymer gel dosimeters can improve nuclear magnetic resonance, thermal and optical properties. Physics in Medicine & Biology. 2018; 63 (17):175010.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMalwina Jaszczak; Radosław Wach; Piotr Maras; Mariusz Dudek; Marek Kozicki. 2018. "Substituting gelatine with Pluronic F-127 matrix in 3D polymer gel dosimeters can improve nuclear magnetic resonance, thermal and optical properties." Physics in Medicine & Biology 63, no. 17: 175010.
In the present study, two methods of nitrile rubber curing were compared: peroxide and radiation crosslinking. Both methods lead to formation of carbon–carbon crosslinks, directly between the polymer chains. The nitrile rubber samples were unfilled, and filled with silica, carbon black, organoclay and graphene nanoplatelets. The chain scission to crosslinking ratio was calculated on the basis of the Charlesby-Pinner equation. It was demonstrated that radiation curing results in lower number of chain scission events than peroxide thermal curing. Mechanical properties tests showed that the radiation-cured samples generally show better tensile strength and larger elongation at break than the peroxide-cured samples with the same values of crosslink density. It was proved that radiation curing can be successfully used to alter the properties of the composite materials based on nitrile rubber.
K. Bandzierz; Dariusz Bielinski; Grazyna Przybytniak; Malwina Jaszczak; Anna Marzec. Comparison Between Peroxide and Radiation Crosslinking of Nitrile Rubber. Superconductivity 2017, 475 -483.
AMA StyleK. Bandzierz, Dariusz Bielinski, Grazyna Przybytniak, Malwina Jaszczak, Anna Marzec. Comparison Between Peroxide and Radiation Crosslinking of Nitrile Rubber. Superconductivity. 2017; ():475-483.
Chicago/Turabian StyleK. Bandzierz; Dariusz Bielinski; Grazyna Przybytniak; Malwina Jaszczak; Anna Marzec. 2017. "Comparison Between Peroxide and Radiation Crosslinking of Nitrile Rubber." Superconductivity , no. : 475-483.
This work presents an improvement of the VIPAR(nd) ('nd' stands for 'normoxic, double', or VIP) polymer gel dosimeter. The gel composition was altered by increasing the concentration of the monomeric components, N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), in co-solvent solutions. The optimal composition (VIPAR(CT), where 'CT' stands for computed tomography, or VIC) comprised: 17% NVP, 8% MBA, 12% t-BuOH, 7.5% gelatine, 0.007% ascorbic acid, 0.0008% CuSO4 × 5H2O and 0.02% hydroquinone. The following characteristics of VIC were achieved: (i) linear dose range of 0.9(_)30 Gy, (ii) saturation for radiation doses of over 50 Gy, (iii) threshold dose of about 0.5 Gy, (iv) dose sensitivity of 0.171 Gy(-1) s(-1), which is roughly 2.2 times higher than that of VIP (for nuclear magnetic resonance measurements). It was also found that VIC is dose- rate-independent, and its dose response does not alter if the radiation source is changed from electrons to photons for external beam radiotherapy. The gel responded similarly to irradiation with small changes in radiation energy but was sensitive to larger energy changes. The VIC gel retained temporal stability from 20 h until at least 10 d after irradiation, whereas spatial stability was retained from 20 h until at least 6 d after irradiation. The scheme adopted for VIC manufacturing yields repeatable gels in terms of radiation dose response. The VIC was also shown to perform better than VIP using x-ray computed tomography as a readout method; the dose sensitivity of VIC (0.397 HU Gy(-1)) was 1.5 times higher than that of VIP. Also, the dose resolution of VIC was better than that of VIP in the whole dose range examined.
Marek Kozicki; Malwina Jaszczak; Piotr Maras; Mariusz Dudek; Marian Cłapa. On the development of a VIPARndradiotherapy 3D polymer gel dosimeter. Physics in Medicine & Biology 2017, 62, 986 -1008.
AMA StyleMarek Kozicki, Malwina Jaszczak, Piotr Maras, Mariusz Dudek, Marian Cłapa. On the development of a VIPARndradiotherapy 3D polymer gel dosimeter. Physics in Medicine & Biology. 2017; 62 (3):986-1008.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarek Kozicki; Malwina Jaszczak; Piotr Maras; Mariusz Dudek; Marian Cłapa. 2017. "On the development of a VIPARndradiotherapy 3D polymer gel dosimeter." Physics in Medicine & Biology 62, no. 3: 986-1008.