Araştırmanın amacı ç alışanın yaptığı işten duyduğu memnuniyeti ifade eden iş tatmininin, çalışanların iş saatlerinde bilişim teknolojilerini iş dışı faaliyetler için kullanmasını ifade eden sanal kaytarma davranışına etkilerini incelemektir. Bu amaçla Celal Bayar Üniversitesi akademik ve idari personeline Minnesota İş Tatmini ölçeği (kısa versiyonu) ile Blanchard ve Henle (2008) tarafından geliştirilen sanal kaytarma ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın ana kitlesi, Celal Bayar Üniversitesinin 1.454 akademik ve 1.221 idari personelini kapsamaktadır. Veriler anket yöntemi ile toplanmıştır. Geçerli olan 375 anket formu analizlerde kullanılmıştır. Analizlerde SPSS 21 ve AMOS 22 programları kullanılmıştır. Hem sanal kaytarma hem de iş tatmini ölçeklerinin Cronbach α değerleri yeterli görülmüştür. Yapılan açıklayıcı faktör analizi ile sanal kaytarma ve iş tatmininin faktör yapıları belirlenmiştir. Ortaya çıkan faktör yapıları için yapılan doğrulayıcı faktör analizlerinin sonuçları bu yapıları doğrulamıştır. Test edilen yapısal eşitlik modellerinde iş tatmininin sanal kaytarmayı negatif yönde etkilediği, iş tatmininin “içsel tatmin” boyutunun sanal kaytarmayı negatif yönde etkilediği, “dışsal tatmin” boyutunun ise sanal kaytarmayı çok zayıf olarak pozitif yönde etkilediği görülmüştür. Bu durumda içsel tatminin artması halinde sanal kaytarmanın azalacağı söylenebilir. Elde edilen sonuçların hem yazına, hem de uygulayıcılara fayda sağlayabileceği düşünülmektedir.

The aim of this study is to develop a Communicative Rational Action Scale and analyze its validity and reliability. The scale has been prepared for all administrators and especially for firm administrators based on Max Weber’s rationalizing theory and Jürgen Habermas’ communicative action theory. The scale reveals to what extent administrators’ behaviors are communicatively rational while deciding or acting. In total, 282 participants joined this study. The sample group consisted of senior administrators of 87 firms acting in Turkey’s different Organized Industrial Zones or Free Zones. Data were analyzed by the SPSS 21 and AMOS 22 programs. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were applied to the obtained data. In order to test item discrimination, total item correlations were calculated and items under the value of 0.40 were removed from the scale. Exploratory factor analysis revealed 21 articles and five factors. The correlation coefficient of the 21-article scale with a similar scale is 0.979 (p < 0.001). The Cronbach’s alpha value is 0.945 and the test–retest correlation parameter is r = 0.793 (p < 0.001). In conclusion, it was determined by confirmatory factor analysis that the Communicative Rational Action Scale has a good cohesion criterion, and it is a valid and reliable assessment instrument.

One of the important problems of sustainable logistics is routing vehicles in a sustainable manner, the green vehicle routing problem, or vehicle routing problems which aim to reduce CO₂ emissions. In the literature research, it was seen that these problems were solved with heuristic, metaheuristic, or hyper-heuristic methods and hybrid approaches since they are in the NP-hard class. This work presents a parallel multi-process genetic algorithm that incorporates problem-specific genetic operators to minimize CO₂ emissions in the capacity-constrained vehicle routing problem. Unlike previous research, the algorithm combines parallel computing with tailored genetic operators in order to enhance the diversity of solutions and speed up convergence. Genetic algorithm models were developed to minimize total distance, CO₂ emissions, and both objectives simultaneously. Two genetic algorithm models were developed to minimize total distance and CO₂ emissions. Experimental results using the reference CVRP examples such as A-n32-k5 and B-n44-k7 show that the proposed approach reduces CO₂ emissions by 1.2% more than hybrid artificial bee colony optimization, 1.3% more than ant colony optimization, and 4% more than the traditional genetic algorithm. Experimental results using benchmark CVRP instances demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms hybrid artificial bee colony optimization, ant colony optimization, and traditional genetic algorithms for most of the test cases. This is done by exploiting multi-core processors, and the parallel architecture has improved computational efficiency; the modules compare and update solutions against the global optimum. Results obtained show that prioritizing CO₂ emissions as the only objective yields better results compared to multi-objective models. This study makes two significant contributions to the literature: (1) it introduces a novel parallel genetic algorithm framework optimized for CO₂ emission reduction, and (2) it provides empirical evidence underscoring the advantages of emission-focused optimization in CVRP.

The aim of this study was to determine whether emotional labor behavior has an effect on job satisfaction, and if there is an effect, to reveal whether communicative rational action has a moderator effect. This research was carried out in the banking sector. The sample group consisted of administrators of foreign capital bank managers (427) at all levels in Turkey. The collected data were analyzed with the IBM SPSS 21 program. Multiple regression analysis and SPSS PROCESS v3.5 (model1) methods were used in the analysis. According to the analysis, the three sub-dimensions of communicative rational action (practical-rational action, rational communication, and rational action) have a moderator role in the effect of emotional labor and job satisfaction. The other two sub dimensions (value–rational–action and firm family) do not have a moderator role in this effect. In the analysis made according to the total score of communicative rational action, the moderator role of communicative rational action in the effect of emotional labor and job satisfaction was determined. As a result of the research and analysis, it was determined that emotional labor has a positive effect on the phenomenon of job satisfaction.