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Intestinal bacteria are crucial for the healthy aquaculture of Litopenaeus vannamei, and the coastal areas of China are important areas for concentrated L. vannamei cultivation. In this study, we evaluated different compositions and structures, key roles, and functional potentials of the intestinal bacterial community of L. vannamei shrimp collected in 12 Chinese coastal cities and investigated the correlation between the intestinal bacteria and functional potentials. The dominant bacteria in the shrimp intestines included Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria, and the main potential functions were metabolism, genetic information processing, and environmental information processing. Although the composition and structure of the intestinal bacterial community, potential pathogenic bacteria, and spoilage organisms varied from region to region, the functional potentials were homeostatic and significantly (p< 0.05) correlated with intestinal bacteria (at the family level) to different degrees. The correlation between intestinal bacteria and functional potentials further suggested that L. vannamei had sufficient functional redundancy to maintain its own health. These findings help us understand differences among the intestinal bacterial communities of L. vannamei cultivated in different regions and provide a basis for the disease management and healthy aquaculture of L. vannamei.
Yimeng Cheng; Chaorong Ge; Wei Li; Huaiying Yao. The Intestinal Bacterial Community and Functional Potential of Litopenaeus vannamei in the Coastal Areas of China. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 1793 .
AMA StyleYimeng Cheng, Chaorong Ge, Wei Li, Huaiying Yao. The Intestinal Bacterial Community and Functional Potential of Litopenaeus vannamei in the Coastal Areas of China. Microorganisms. 2021; 9 (9):1793.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYimeng Cheng; Chaorong Ge; Wei Li; Huaiying Yao. 2021. "The Intestinal Bacterial Community and Functional Potential of Litopenaeus vannamei in the Coastal Areas of China." Microorganisms 9, no. 9: 1793.
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are widely used and exposed to the soil environment, but their effect on soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions remains unclear. In this study, a microcosm experiment was conducted to explore the effects of different ZnO NPs concentrations (0, 100, 500, and 1000 mg kg−1) on N2O emissions and associated functional genes related to N2O amendment with carbon (C) or nitrogen (N) substrates. Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) was used to explore possible pathways controlling N2O emissions induced by ZnO NPs. In the treatment without C or N substrates, 100 and 500 mg kg−1 ZnO NPs did not affect N2O production, but 1000 mg kg−1 ZnO NPs stimulated N2O production. Interestingly, compared with the soils without ZnO NPs, the total N2O emissions in the presence of different ZnO NPs concentrations increased by 2.36–4.85-, 1.51–1.62-, and 6.28–8.35-fold following C, N and both C & N substrate amendments, respectively. Moreover, ZnO NPs increased the functional genes of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB amoA) and nitrite reductase (nirS) and led to the exhaustion of nitrate but reduced the gene copies of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA amoA). In addition, the redundancy analysis results showed that the AOB amoA and nirS genes were positively correlated with total N2O emissions, and the PLS-PM results showed that ZnO NPs indirectly affected N2O emissions by influencing soil nitrate content, nitrifiers and denitrifiers. Overall, our results showed that ZnO NPs increase N2O emissions by increasing nitrification (AOB amoA) and denitrification (nirS), and we highlight that the exposure of ZnO NPs in agricultural fields probably results in a high risk of N2O emissions when coupled with C and N substrate amendments, contributing to global climate warming.
Ziyi Feng; Yongxiang Yu; Huaiying Yao; Chaorong Ge. Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Agricultural Soil. Agriculture 2021, 11, 730 .
AMA StyleZiyi Feng, Yongxiang Yu, Huaiying Yao, Chaorong Ge. Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Agricultural Soil. Agriculture. 2021; 11 (8):730.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZiyi Feng; Yongxiang Yu; Huaiying Yao; Chaorong Ge. 2021. "Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Agricultural Soil." Agriculture 11, no. 8: 730.
Functional antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an important class of effector molecules of innate host immune defense against pathogen invasion. Inability of microorganisms to develop resistance against the majority of AMPs has made them alternatives to antibiotics, contributing to the development of a new generation of antimicrobials. Due to extensive biodiversity, insects are one of the most abundant sources of novel AMPs. Notably, black soldier fly insect (BSF; Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)) feeds on decaying substrates and displays a supernormal capacity to survive under adverse conditions in the presence of abundant microorganisms, therefore, BSF is one of the most promising sources for identification of AMPs. However, discovery, functional investigation, and drug development to replace antibiotics with AMPs from Hermetia illucens remain in a preliminary stage. In this review, we provide general information on currently verified AMPs of Hermetia illucens, describe their potential medical value, discuss the mechanism of their synthesis and interactions, and consider the development of bacterial resistance to AMPs in comparison with antibiotics, aiming to provide a candidate for substitution of antibiotics in livestock farming or, to some extent, for blocking the horizontal transfer of resistance genes in the environment, which is beneficial to human and animal welfare.
Jing Xia; Chaorong Ge; Huaiying Yao. Antimicrobial Peptides from Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) as Potential Antimicrobial Factors Representing an Alternative to Antibiotics in Livestock Farming. Animals 2021, 11, 1937 .
AMA StyleJing Xia, Chaorong Ge, Huaiying Yao. Antimicrobial Peptides from Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) as Potential Antimicrobial Factors Representing an Alternative to Antibiotics in Livestock Farming. Animals. 2021; 11 (7):1937.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJing Xia; Chaorong Ge; Huaiying Yao. 2021. "Antimicrobial Peptides from Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) as Potential Antimicrobial Factors Representing an Alternative to Antibiotics in Livestock Farming." Animals 11, no. 7: 1937.