There has been much discussion among academics on how pupils may be taught online while yet maintaining a high degree of learning efficiency, in part because of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic in the previous two years. Students may have trouble focusing due to a lack of teacher–student interaction, yet online learning has some advantages that are unavailable in traditional classrooms. The architecture of online courses for students is integrated into a system called the Adaptive and Intelligent Education System (AIES). In AIESs, reinforcement learning is often used in conjunction with the development of teaching strategies, and this reinforcement-learning-based system is known as RLATES. As a prerequisite to conducting research in this field, this paper undertakes the consolidation and analysis of existing research, design approaches, and model categories for adaptive and intelligent educational systems, with the hope of serving as a reference for scholars in the same field to help them gain access to the relevant information quickly and easily.

Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by a decrease in pancreatic insulin production. The immune system will be harmed due to this condition, which will raise blood sugar levels. However, early detection of diabetes enables patients to begin treatment on time, therefore reducing or eliminating the risk of severe consequences. One of the most significant challenges in the healthcare unit is disease diagnosis. Traditional techniques of disease diagnosis are manual and prone to inaccuracy. This paper proposed an approach for diagnosing diabetes using the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) based on Pima Indians diabetes dataset (PIDD). The three stages of the proposed approach are pre-processing classification and evaluation. Normalization, imputation, and anomaly detection are part of the pre-processing stage. The pre-processing was done by normalizing the data, replacing the missing values, and using the local outlier factor (LOF) technique. In the classification stage, ANFIS classifiers were trained using the hybrid learning algorithm of the neural network. Finally, the evaluation procedures use the last stage’s sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy metrics. The obtained classification accuracy was 92.77%, and it seemed rather promising compared to the other classification applications for this topic found in the literature.

The reliable forecasting of river flow plays a key role in reducing the risk of floods. Regarding nonlinear and variable characteristics of hydraulic processes, the use of data-driven and hybrid methods has become more noticeable. Thus, this paper proposes a novel hybrid wavelet-neural network (WNN) method with feature extraction to forecast river flow. To do this, initially, the collected data are analyzed by the wavelet method. Then, the number of inputs to the ANN is determined using feature extraction, which is based on energy, standard deviation, and maximum values of the analyzed data. The proposed method has been analyzed by different input and various structures for daily, weekly, and monthly flow forecasting at Ellen Brook river station, western Australia. Furthermore, the mean squares error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), and the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) is used to evaluate the performance of the suggested method. Furthermore, the obtained findings were compared to those of other models and methods in order to examine the performance and efficiency of the feature extraction process. It was discovered that the proposed feature extraction model outperformed their counterparts, especially when it came to long-term forecasting.

As Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) expand and diversify, more and more researchers study recommender systems that take advantage of interaction data to keep students interested and boost their performance. In a typical roadmap, courses and videos are recommended using a graph model, but this does not take into account the user’s learning needs with some particular subjects. However, all existing graph models degrade performances either by ignoring the data sparsity issue caused by a large number of concepts, which may lead to biased recommendations, or by constructing improper contrasting pairs, which may result in graph noise. To overcome both challenges, we propose a gRaph cOntrastive Multi-view framEwork (ROME) from hyperbolic angular space to learn user and concept representations based on user-user and concept-concept relationships. The first step is to use hyperbolic and Euclidean space representations as different views of graph and maximize the mutual information between them. Furthermore, we maximize the angular decision margin in graph contrastive training objects to enhance pairwise discriminative power. Our experiments on a large-scale real-world MOOC dataset show that the proposed approach outperforms several baselines and state-of-the-art methods for predicting and recommending concepts of interest to users.

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have demonstrated applicability and effectiveness in several domains, including classification tasks. Significant emphasis has been given to the training techniques of ANNs in identifying appropriate weights and biases. Conventional training techniques such as Gradient Descent (GD) and Backpropagation (BP), while thorough, have several disadvantages such as early convergence, being highly dependent on the initial parameters, and quickly getting stuck in local optima. Conversely, meta-heuristic algorithms show great potential as effective approaches for training ANNs with high computational efficiency, high quality, and global search capabilities. The literature has proposed several such techniques; hence, this paper offers a thorough examination of current advancements in training a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural network using meta-heuristic algorithms, with a focus on classification benchmark datasets. The study was conducted over a period of ten years, from the year 2014 to 2024. The research papers were specifically chosen from four widely used databases: ScienceDirect, Scopus, Springer, and IEEE Xplore. Through the use of a research methodology that incorporates specific criteria for including and excluding articles, and by thorough examination of more than 53 publications, we present a comprehensive study of meta-heuristic methods for training MLPs. Our main focus is on discovering trends across these tools. The analysis has been conducted utilizing relevant factors such as evaluation metrics for classification models, fitness functions, comparing approaches, datasets, and observed outcomes. The present work serves as a significant asset for researchers, facilitating the identification of suitable optimization methodologies for various application areas.