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Sanitary landfill leachate (LL) composition varies according to climate variables variation, solid waste characteristics and composition, and landfill age. Leachate treatment is essentially carried out trough biological and physicochemical processes, which have showed variability in efficiency and appear a costly solution for the management authorities. Electrocoagulation (EC) seems a suitable solution for leachate treatment taking into account the characteristics of the liquor. One of the problems of EC is the electrode passivation, which affects the longevity of the process. One solution to this problem could be the replacement of the electrode by one made of recyclable material, which would make it possible to change it frequently and at a lower cost. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the removal of heavy metals (As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni, Se and Zn) and coliforms from a LL by EC using electrodes made from steel swarf (SfE) up to 8 h. Removal efficiencies of detected heavy metals were 51%(Cr), 59%(As), 71%(Cd), 72%(Zn), 92%(Ba), 95%(Ni) and >99%(Pb). The microbial load of coliforms in leachate was reduced from 10.76 × 104 CFU/mL (raw leachate) to less than 1 CFU/mL (after treatment with SfE) (i.e., approximately 100% reduction). The use of SfE in EC of LL is very effective in removing heavy metals and coliforms and can be used as alternative treatment solution for such effluents.
Mayk de Oliveira; Ieda Torres; Humberto Ruggeri; Paulo Scalize; Antonio Albuquerque; Eric Gil. Application of Electrocoagulation with a New Steel-Swarf-Based Electrode for the Removal of Heavy Metals and Total Coliforms from Sanitary Landfill Leachate. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 5009 .
AMA StyleMayk de Oliveira, Ieda Torres, Humberto Ruggeri, Paulo Scalize, Antonio Albuquerque, Eric Gil. Application of Electrocoagulation with a New Steel-Swarf-Based Electrode for the Removal of Heavy Metals and Total Coliforms from Sanitary Landfill Leachate. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (11):5009.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMayk de Oliveira; Ieda Torres; Humberto Ruggeri; Paulo Scalize; Antonio Albuquerque; Eric Gil. 2021. "Application of Electrocoagulation with a New Steel-Swarf-Based Electrode for the Removal of Heavy Metals and Total Coliforms from Sanitary Landfill Leachate." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11: 5009.
Sterility tests described in official compendia are carried out by membrane filtration or by direct inoculation into suitable culture media. About 14 days are needed to provide results and release products for sale, so speed is of the essence in rapid microbiological methods. Solid phase cytometry is a fast innovative method for testing the sterility of injectable medications. It is based on the detection of viable cells by using reagent viability markers which permeate the cell membrane, and are cleaved by non-specific sterases to form fluorochrome, which is detected by a Chem Scan RDI®. This study set out to evaluate this technology when applied to the sterility test in a 0.9% sodium chloride injection solution, using Chem Scan RDI® equipment. Microorganisms recommended by the official compendia Clostridium sporogenes NCTC12935 (ATCC 11437), Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC12924 (ATCC 9027), Staphylococcus aureus NCTC10788 (ATCC 6538), Bacillus subtilis NCTC10400(ATCC 6633), Aspergillus brasiliensis NCPF2275 (ATCC16404) and Candida albicans NCPF3179(ATCC 10231), and two “in house” microorganisms, Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, obtained from monitoring the pre-sterilization bioburden, were evaluated in order to validate the proposed method. When the solid phase cytometry method was compared to the traditional membrane filtration sterility test for all the microorganisms tested, it was found to be significantly faster in that it reduced analysis time from 14 days to approximately 3 h. Key words: Solid phase cytometry, sterility test by membrane filtration, validation.
Badauy Lauria Silva Gisele; Morais Da Silva Cleiton; Zaiden Carvalho Martins De S Aacute Luisa; Lavorenti Rocha Matheus; Eric De Sousa Gil; Farias Alves Virg Iacute Nia; Maria Sapateiro Torres Ieda; Gisele Badauy Lauria Silva; Luisa Zaiden Carvalho Martins De Sá; Matheus Lavorenti Rocha; Virgínia Farias Alves; Ieda Maria Sapateiro Torres. Solid phase cytometry applied to sterility tests for injecting 0.9% sodium chloride. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2015, 9, 1051 -1061.
AMA StyleBadauy Lauria Silva Gisele, Morais Da Silva Cleiton, Zaiden Carvalho Martins De S Aacute Luisa, Lavorenti Rocha Matheus, Eric De Sousa Gil, Farias Alves Virg Iacute Nia, Maria Sapateiro Torres Ieda, Gisele Badauy Lauria Silva, Luisa Zaiden Carvalho Martins De Sá, Matheus Lavorenti Rocha, Virgínia Farias Alves, Ieda Maria Sapateiro Torres. Solid phase cytometry applied to sterility tests for injecting 0.9% sodium chloride. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 2015; 9 (45):1051-1061.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBadauy Lauria Silva Gisele; Morais Da Silva Cleiton; Zaiden Carvalho Martins De S Aacute Luisa; Lavorenti Rocha Matheus; Eric De Sousa Gil; Farias Alves Virg Iacute Nia; Maria Sapateiro Torres Ieda; Gisele Badauy Lauria Silva; Luisa Zaiden Carvalho Martins De Sá; Matheus Lavorenti Rocha; Virgínia Farias Alves; Ieda Maria Sapateiro Torres. 2015. "Solid phase cytometry applied to sterility tests for injecting 0.9% sodium chloride." African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 9, no. 45: 1051-1061.