The biogenic manufacture of nanoparticles utilising endophytic fungus is an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and secure alternative to constructing chemical methods. The prime focus of the study was to fabricate ZnONPs using the biomass filtrate of endophytic Xylaria arbuscula isolated from Blumea axillaris Linn. and to evaluate their biological properties. The characterisation of the biosynthesized ZnO-NPs was done utilising both spectroscopic and microscopic methods. The bioinspired NPs showed a surface plasmon peak at 370 nm; SEM and TEM micrographs illustrated the hexagonal organisation; XRD spectra proved the crystalline phase as hexagonal wurtzite; EDX analysis confirmed the presence of zinc and oxygen atoms; and the zeta potential analysis proved the stability of ZnONPs. In addition, they also demonstrated significant concentration-dependent inhibition of antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic potential in comparison with the reference drugs. In vitro cytotoxicity and wound healing potential of ZnONPs were examined in L929 cell lines, illustrating that they accelerated the wound healing process by roughly 95.37 ± 1.12% after a 24-h exposure to ZnONPs. The photocatalytic activity of the ZnONPs was examined by degrading the methylene blue dye under solar irradiation. In conclusion, our outcomes showed that mycosynthesized ZnONPs possessed potent bioactivity and could be an excellent choice for biomedical applications.

The main aim of the study, green route to the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is a new technique that has recently gained popularity due to several advantages over conventional chemical methods. The objective of the study was focused on the green synthesis of AgNPs using Barleria buxifolia leaf extract via a rapid and eco-friendly ultrasonic-assisted technique. The obtained AgNPs were characterized using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectrum of the organically reduced silver showed a surface plasmon peak at 435 nm, characteristic for silver colloidal solutions. UV–Vis absorption spectrum, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis showed that the obtained AgNPs were dispersed spheres with a uniform size of 80 nm. Furthermore, the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that the surface of the obtained AgNPs was covered with organic molecules in plant extracts. Green synthesized AgNPs showed the highest antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity than a plant extract. In vitro anticancer assay demonstrated half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values of 31.42, 30.67, 51.07 and 56.26 µg/mL against MCF-7, HeLa and HepG2 cancer cell lines, respectively, which confirms its potent anticancer action. The biocompatibility of green synthesized AgNPs is confirmed by their lack of cytotoxicity against normal human cells. The potent bioactivity exhibited by the green synthesized AgNPs leads towards the multiple use as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-biofilm and cytotoxic agent.

A simple and eco-friendly method for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by ultrasound-assisted strategy using Barleria buxifolia leaf extract as a reducing and capping agent was established in this study. The obtained AgNPs were characterized. UV-vis spectrum, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analyzer (EDX), X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis showed that the obtained AgNPs were mono dispersed spheres with uniform size of 80 nm. UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, and XRD analysis indicated that the surface of the obtained AgNPs was covered with organic molecules in plant extracts. The results of ABTS assays showed that high antioxidant activity was seen in the obtained AgNPs. Green synthesized AgNPs showed potent antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity against tested pathogens. Cytotoxicity assay showed that the obtained AgNPs were significantly cytotoxic to cancer cell line (MCF-7). In addition, the AgNPs synthesized in this paper can also photo catalytically degrade methylene blue dye under visible light. The potent bioactivity exhibited by the green synthesized silver nanoparticles leads towards the multiple use as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-biofilm, cytotoxic as well as photo catalytic agent.