The biogenic manufacture of nanoparticles utilising endophytic fungus is an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and secure alternative to constructing chemical methods. The prime focus of the study was to fabricate ZnONPs using the biomass filtrate of endophytic Xylaria arbuscula isolated from Blumea axillaris Linn. and to evaluate their biological properties. The characterisation of the biosynthesized ZnO-NPs was done utilising both spectroscopic and microscopic methods. The bioinspired NPs showed a surface plasmon peak at 370 nm; SEM and TEM micrographs illustrated the hexagonal organisation; XRD spectra proved the crystalline phase as hexagonal wurtzite; EDX analysis confirmed the presence of zinc and oxygen atoms; and the zeta potential analysis proved the stability of ZnONPs. In addition, they also demonstrated significant concentration-dependent inhibition of antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic potential in comparison with the reference drugs. In vitro cytotoxicity and wound healing potential of ZnONPs were examined in L929 cell lines, illustrating that they accelerated the wound healing process by roughly 95.37 ± 1.12% after a 24-h exposure to ZnONPs. The photocatalytic activity of the ZnONPs was examined by degrading the methylene blue dye under solar irradiation. In conclusion, our outcomes showed that mycosynthesized ZnONPs possessed potent bioactivity and could be an excellent choice for biomedical applications.

Nowadays, there is an imperative need of synthesising nanomaterials from industrial wastes in an eco-friendly manner. In this concern, Cu and CuO nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully synthesised from copper scrap using plasma arc discharge method under N₂ and air atmosphere. The synthesised NPs were confirmed using X-ray diffraction, UV-visible spectrophotometer and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy was carried out to study the morphology and average particle size of synthesised NPs. The results revealed that the particles exhibit spherical and distorted sphere morphology with average particle size of 78 nm and 67 nm for Cu and CuO NPs, respectively. The antibacterial activity has been examined against different gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The highest zone of inhibition was measured as 32 mm and 28 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria which indicates the potent of synthesised NPs in various biomedical applications that can be explored in future.