The role of worry and rumination in eating disorders (EDs) is controversial. This meta-analysis of the literature is aimed at clarifying the relationship between repetitive negative thinking (RNT) and EDs. In accordance with the PRISMA criteria, a comprehensive search of the literature was conducted on PubMed and PsycInfo from inception to March 2021. Search terms: “eating disorder/anorexia/bulimia/binge eating disorder” AND “worry/rumination/brooding/repetitive thinking”. A manual search of reference lists was also run. Forty-three studies were included. RNT was found to be associated with anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating disorder. A moderating effect was found for “presence/absence ED diagnosis” and “subtype of ED symptom”. ED patients showed higher RNT than the general population. No differences were observed for age or between worry and rumination in the magnitude of their association with EDs.

Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are interrelated chronic conditions whose global prevalence continues to rise, posing significant clinical and socioeconomic challenges. Their pathophysiological intersection—commonly referred to as “diabesity”—is sustained by a complex interplay of mechanisms, including visceral adipose tissue inflammation, macrophage polarization, disrupted insulin signaling, and adipokine imbalance. These processes contribute to chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, impair pancreatic β-cell function, and exacerbate glucose intolerance. This review critically explores the mechanistic connections between obesity and T2DM, with a focus on recent advances in pharmacological therapies—such as GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors, and dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists—alongside evidence-based lifestyle modifications and bariatric procedures. By integrating current translational and clinical findings, we aim to provide a comprehensive perspective to support the development of more effective and individualized treatment strategies for diabesity.

This study aimed to conduct a systematic review on the effects of available treatments for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID).