Ganoderma lucidum is a traditional Chinese medicine with a variety of active compounds and possesses adequate lipid-lowering and anti-atherosclerotic effects. However, its main active components and potential mechanisms still remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of the adenosine extract from Ganoderma lucidum (AEGL) in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemic ApoE^−/− mice and explored the underlying biological mechanism by multi-omics analysis. Treatment with AEGL for 8 weeks significantly decreased the serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) by 45.59%, 41.22%, and 39.02%, respectively, as well as reduced liver TC and TG by 44.15% and 76.23%, compared with the HFD-only group. We also observed significant amelioration of hepatic steatosis without liver and kidney damage after AEGL treatment. Regulating the expression and acetylation/crotonylation of proteins involved in the PPAR signaling pathway may be one of the potential mechanisms involved in the observed lipid-lowering effects of AEGL.

During early neurodevelopment of infant, myelination plays an essential role in brain connectivity and emergence of behavioral and cognitive function. Early life nutrition is an important factor to shape myelination and consequently cognitive appearance. To analyze the effects of additive nutrients, including 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), osteopontin (OPN), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on neurocognitive function and brain structure, the current study evaluated the effects of different composition of breast milk nutrients on oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) myelination with a neural primary cell model in vitro. The study showed that the three nutrients promoted the proliferation, maturation and differentiation of OPCs into mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) in each phage of the cell growth, and the effect of the nutrients blend is obviously stronger than that of the nutrient treatment alone, showing a synergistic effect in promotion of OPCs. The results of this experiment clarified the effects of 2′-FL OPN and DHA to promote myelination development of neural cells, and laid an experimental basis for further optimization of infant formula.

Dietary preferences were closely associated with the pathogenesis of numbers of metabolic disorders, in particularly, obesity. Dietary fiber was shown to be capable of preventing weight gain and excessive food intake mainly through stimulating chewing and saliva secretion, and promote satiety signals. In this study, we characterized the "Vitamin World^® Vegan Meal" Formula of Feihe, a novel protein‐enriched fiber dietary supplement contained potato protease inhibitor II (PI2) that developed. And we demonstrated that this particular fiber formula was effective in preventing weight gain, increasing satiety signals, and reducing food intake in rats in a dosage‐dependent manner. Our study provides lines of evidence and would further bolster the use of this nutritious vegan meal in regulating satiety and food intake in clinics.

Since infant formula (IF) manufacturers aim to produce a product as close to breast milk as possible, fortified nutrients are usually added. Generally, an IF is produced by adjusting the types and proportions of vitamins and minerals. This study comparatively examined the content of the six nutrients in different compound forms in vivo and evaluated the effect of different nutrient pack groups on immunity and growth. The results indicated that the simulated-human milk nutrients [minerals zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), and vitamins A, E, and B₁] were more easily absorbed by the body while effectively regulating immunity. This study provides a scientific foundation for developing, manufacturing, and applying imitation-breast formula milk powder.