This pilot investigation aimed to examine the impact of different concentrations of indigo naturalis on the cellular viability of human periodontal ligament fibroblast (hPDLF) cells. For experimental application on cells, indigo naturalis solutions were prepared at seven varying concentrations (0.025, 0.0375, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, 0.1125 and 0.15 µg/mL) for the purpose of cellular treatment. To evaluate cell viability, cells were seeded in 96-well plates in triplicate for each concentration. Following a 24-hour treatment period with indigo naturalis, cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SPSS software, with a P-value of less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. The MTT assay revealed no significant difference in the viability of hPDLF cells between the control group and the indigo naturalis-treated groups (P>0.05). While indigo naturalis did not affect cell viability in this study, it provides important insights into the interactions between herbal compounds and hPDLF cells. This study is limited by the use of a single assay and a 24-hour observation period, which may restrict the generalisability of the findings. Further research is needed to explore the molecular mechanisms behind these interactions, investigate potential synergistic effects, and evaluate longer-term impacts on periodontal conditions.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) related cancers account for a large percentage of cancers. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex structure and contributes significantly to tumor development, progression, and invasion. The TME is particularly pronounced in HPV-related cancers and HPV is known to influence the TME. In cancer research, there is an urgent need for new models to deepen our understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease and to facilitate the development of innovative therapies. In this context, 3D cell culture has emerged as a promising method in cancer research, that offers significant potential compared to conventional approaches. 3D modelling can produce results that are more consistent with clinical outcomes without the ethical concerns and problems of animal models. In this review, our aim is to discuss the tumor microenvironment in HPV-related cancers and demonstrate the importance of advancing 3D cell culture models for this purpose.

Objective: In this in vitro research, it was aimed to examine the viability levels of human periodontal ligament fibroblast (hPDLF) cells by applying different concentrations of Indigo naturalis (IN). Materials and Methods: Within the scope of our study, IN was dissolved in DMSO and three different concentrations were prepared:, 5 µg/ml, 10 µg/ml and 15 µg/ml. In order to evaluate cell viability, cells were seeded in 96-well plates, repeated 4 times for each concentration. Indigo Naturalis was applied to the cells for 24 hours. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2-5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) experimental protocol was followed for viability assessment. Statistical analyzes of the data were evaluated using the SPSS package program. Statistical significance was accepted as p<0.05. Results: While it was observed that there was no significant change in the test groups with IN application compared to the control group, a significant difference was detected between 15 μg/ml and 5 μg/ml concentration. Conclusion: The findings obtained within the limits of this study reveal that IN has similar effects at different concentrations on the viability of hPDLF cells. There is a need for studies in which IN is investigated by preparing it in different concentrations and monitoring it for longer periods of time.

Objective: The objective of this research is to analyze the potential advantages of Indigo naturalis (IN) in periodontal wound healing via investigating its impact on human osteoblast (hOB) and human gingival fibroblast (hGF) cells.Methods: Doses of 5, 10, and 15 μg/mL IN extract were administered to hGF and hOB cells for 24 hours then viability of the cells was evaluated via MTT assay. The expression levels of axis inhibition protein 2 (AXIN2), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and type I collagen (COL1) were assessed in hOB cells using ELISA.Results: IN treatment did not demonstrate a significant difference on the viability of hOB and hGF cell lines (p> .05). IN extract showed antimicrobial and antifungal properties. The IN-treated hOB cells had significantly increased expressions of AXIN2, COL1 and BMP2 compared to the control group (p < .05, p < .05, and p < .05 respectively).Conclusion: IN may have positive impact on periodontal wound healing and bone repair as it increases the protein expression in hOB cells, possibly regulated via activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. However, further research is required to reveal the effects of IN under a range of varying concentrations and extended observation periods.

European Journal of Research in Dentistry | Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Background: The aim of this pilot research was to assess the cell viability activity of different concentrations of aqueous okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) extracts on human periodontal ligament fibroblast (hPDLF) cells. Methods: Aqueous okra extract was prepared for the experiments, and the content of the extract was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). For the purpose of treating cells, the aqueous okra extract was prepared in 7 different concentrations (0.125, 0.187, 0.25, 0.375, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 mg/mL). To assess cell viability, cells were seeded in 96-well plates on 4 occasions for each concentration. The cells were treated with aqueous okra extract for a period of 24 hours. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay protocol was employed for the purpose of evaluating cell viability. The data were subjected to statistical analysis using the GraphPad Prism statistical software. A P-value of less than .05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Analysis using HPLC showed the existence of rutin, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and syringic acid in the extract. The MTT test revealed no significant difference in the viability of hPDLF cells between the control and aqueous okra extract-treated groups (P > .05). Conclusion: The outcomes of this research demonstrate that aqueous okra extract has a similar effect on the viability of hPDLF cells at different concentrations. This suggests the need for further studies in which okra is prepared at varying concentrations, dissolved in different solvents, and followed over longer time intervals.Cite this article as: Tosun UU, Aydın ST, Baykara D, et al. The effect of aqueous okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) extract on human periodontal ligament fibroblast cells viability: A pilot study. Essent Dent. 2025, 4, 0033, doi: 10.5152/EssentDent.2025.25033.