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This study shows the energy potential of pine wood waste for the production of solid biofuels, and was carried out in an indigenous community in the state of Michoacán. One of the main economic activities of this community is the production of handcrafted furniture, which generates a large amount of wood waste. The most relevant results obtained in this research show that the community generates approximately 2268 kg of sawdust and 5418 kg of shavings per week, and the estimated energy potential per year for both sawdust is 1.94 PJ and for shaving is 4.65 PJ. Based on the particle size observed, the wood residue can be used to generate pellets or briquettes. Other average results in sawdust and (shavings) are the following: initial moisture content 15.3% (16.8%), apparent density 169.23 kg/m3 (49.25 kg/m3), ash 0.43% (0.42%), volatile material 84.9% (83.60%), fixed carbon 14.65% (15.96%), hemicelluloses 12.89% (10.68%), cellulose 52.68% (52.82%), lignin 26.73% (25.98%), extractives 7.69% (10.51%), calorific value 17.6 MJ/kg (17.9 MJ/kg). The major chemical elements in the ash were Al, K. Fe, Ca, P, Na, and Mg. Finally, the results obtained indicate that this biomass can be used to generate pellets or briquettes in this indigenous community.
Mario Morales-Máximo; Carlos García; Luis Pintor-Ibarra; José Alvarado-Flores; Borja Velázquez-Martí; José Rutiaga-Quiñones. Evaluation and Characterization of Timber Residues of Pinus spp. as an Energy Resource for the Production of Solid Biofuels in an Indigenous Community in Mexico. Forests 2021, 12, 977 .
AMA StyleMario Morales-Máximo, Carlos García, Luis Pintor-Ibarra, José Alvarado-Flores, Borja Velázquez-Martí, José Rutiaga-Quiñones. Evaluation and Characterization of Timber Residues of Pinus spp. as an Energy Resource for the Production of Solid Biofuels in an Indigenous Community in Mexico. Forests. 2021; 12 (8):977.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMario Morales-Máximo; Carlos García; Luis Pintor-Ibarra; José Alvarado-Flores; Borja Velázquez-Martí; José Rutiaga-Quiñones. 2021. "Evaluation and Characterization of Timber Residues of Pinus spp. as an Energy Resource for the Production of Solid Biofuels in an Indigenous Community in Mexico." Forests 12, no. 8: 977.
The objective of this research is to experimentally evaluate the anaerobic co-digestion of slaughterhouse residues in the city of Guaranda with straw residues from agriculture, such as: amaranth, quinoa and wheat. The study was carried out on a laboratory scale using 311 ml biodigesters under mesophilic conditions of 37 °C. Anaerobic co-digestion resulted in methane yields of 407 ml CH4/g VS, with a methane content in the biogas of 77% for the mixture of slaughterhouse waste and quinoa (RM-QU (25:75)). The increase in inoculum in the mixtures composed of slaughterhouse residues and quinoa increased the biodegradability between 17 and 22%. However, in the mixtures of slaughterhouse waste and amaranth (RM-AM (0:100)), a further increase in inoculum decreased biodegradability by 5%. To predict and simulate methane production, 5 kinetic models were used: modified Gompertz, logistic equation, transfer, cone and Richards. The cone model was the one that best adjusted the experimental values with those predicted with an R2 of 0.982 to 0.999 and RMSE of 0.61 to 6.92 ml CH4/g VS. The calculation of the theoretical yield was carried out by stoichiometry and elemental analysis of the samples. Theoretical yields ranged between 480-564 ml CH4/g VS for all mixtures of RM with agricultural residues.
Orlando Washington Meneses Quelal; Borja Velázquez Martí; Juan Gaibor Chávez; Zulay Niño Ruiz; Andrés Ferrer Gisbert. Anaerobic Codigestion of Slaughter Residues with Agricultural Waste of Amaranth Quinoa and Wheat. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleOrlando Washington Meneses Quelal, Borja Velázquez Martí, Juan Gaibor Chávez, Zulay Niño Ruiz, Andrés Ferrer Gisbert. Anaerobic Codigestion of Slaughter Residues with Agricultural Waste of Amaranth Quinoa and Wheat. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOrlando Washington Meneses Quelal; Borja Velázquez Martí; Juan Gaibor Chávez; Zulay Niño Ruiz; Andrés Ferrer Gisbert. 2021. "Anaerobic Codigestion of Slaughter Residues with Agricultural Waste of Amaranth Quinoa and Wheat." , no. : 1.
Rice straw is a residue that causes significant environmental problems, as burning it causes CO2 and ash emissions, while buried waste can cause issues associated with eutrophication. The extraction of straw from fields for alternative uses may contribute to solving these problems, but research into its economic viability is necessary. The straw can be used for crop mulching, biofuel, bedding for livestock, and so on. In this study, we analyse the work carried out by straw harvesting machines (rakes, balers, bundlers, and loaders) and calculate the costs of packing, road-siding, and transportation of the straw from the rice fields to stockage points in the producer area, as well as to locations outside of the rice production area, in order to assess the viability. The costs of all elemental operations were calculated. The costs of all the operations included between raking and unloading in the producer area stocking point ranged between 28.1 and 51 EUR t−1. These costs were compared with the price of rain-fed cereal straw (wheat and barley), which is the most abundant, noting that the years in which rain-fed cereal straw reached high prices, rice straw could serve as a competitive product; however, in years when the former is cheap, it would be necessary to subsidise the harvesting of rice straw.
Antonio Torregrosa; Juan Giner; Borja Velázquez-Martí. Equipment Performance, Costs and Constraints of Packaging and Transporting Rice Straw for Alternative Uses to Burning in the “Parc Natural l’Albufera de València” (Spain). Agriculture 2021, 11, 570 .
AMA StyleAntonio Torregrosa, Juan Giner, Borja Velázquez-Martí. Equipment Performance, Costs and Constraints of Packaging and Transporting Rice Straw for Alternative Uses to Burning in the “Parc Natural l’Albufera de València” (Spain). Agriculture. 2021; 11 (6):570.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonio Torregrosa; Juan Giner; Borja Velázquez-Martí. 2021. "Equipment Performance, Costs and Constraints of Packaging and Transporting Rice Straw for Alternative Uses to Burning in the “Parc Natural l’Albufera de València” (Spain)." Agriculture 11, no. 6: 570.
The main objective of this research is to separate virgin polymers (PA, PC, PP, HDPE; PS and ABS) and post-consumer plastic waste from municipal solid waste (MSW) using the sinking-flotation technique. The separation was carried out on a pilot scale in a container of 800 l of useful volume with agitation of 160 rpm for one hour. Tap water, ethanol solutions and sodium chloride at different concentrations were used as the densification medium. The virgin polymers were separated into two groups, that is, a group of low-density polymers (HDPE and PP) and a group of high-density polymers (PS, ABS, PA, and PC). Polymers whose density was less than that of the medium solution floated to the surface, while those whose density was greater than that of the medium solution sank to the bottom. The experimental results showed that the complete separation of HDPE from PP was achieved at 23% v/v of ethanol. For the separation of the high-density polymers, up to 40% w / v sodium chloride was used. The recoveries of the polymers ranged from 70 to 99.70%. In post-consumer recycled plastic waste, fractions of 29.6% polyolefins, 37.54% PS, 11% ABS, 8% PA and 12% PC, PET and PVC were obtained. Finally, cast plates were made of the post-consumer waste to improve the identification of the type of polymer present in the separated fractions.
Orlando Washinton Meneses Quelal; Borja Velázquez-Martí; Andrés Ferrer Gisbert. Separation of virgin plastic polymers and post-consumer mixed plastic waste by sinking-flotation technique. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleOrlando Washinton Meneses Quelal, Borja Velázquez-Martí, Andrés Ferrer Gisbert. Separation of virgin plastic polymers and post-consumer mixed plastic waste by sinking-flotation technique. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOrlando Washinton Meneses Quelal; Borja Velázquez-Martí; Andrés Ferrer Gisbert. 2021. "Separation of virgin plastic polymers and post-consumer mixed plastic waste by sinking-flotation technique." , no. : 1.
The objective of this research was to evaluate the anaerobic co-digestion of guinea pig manure (CY) with Andean agricultural residues such as amaranth (AM), quinoa (QU) and wheat (TR) in batch biodigesters under mesophilic conditions (37⁰C) for 40 days. As microbial inoculum, sewage treatment sludge was used in two inoculum/substrate ratios (ISR of 1 and 2). In terms of methane production, the best results occurred in the treatments that contained AM and QU as co-substrate and an ISR of 2. Thus, the highest methane production occurred in the CY:AM biodigesters (25:75) and CY:QU (25:75) with 341.86 mlCH4/g VS and 341.05 mlCH4/g VS, respectively. On the other hand, the results showed that methane production with an ISR of 2 was more feasible for guinea pig waste, where the methane fraction of the biogas generated was in a range of 57 and 69%. The kinetics of methane production from these raw materials was studied using five kinetic models: modified Gompertz, logistic equation, transfer, cone, and Richards. The cone model was the one that best adjusted the experimental values with those observed with an r2 of 0.999 and an RMSE of 1.16 mlCH4/g VS. Finally, the highest biodegradability was obtained in the CY-AM biodigesters (25:75) with 67.92%.
Orlando Washinton Meneses Quelal; Borja Velázquez-Martí; Juan Gaibor Chavez; Zulay Niño Ruiz; Andrés Ferrer Gisbert. Evaluation of methane production from the anaerobic co-digestion of manure of guinea pig with lignocellulosic Andeans residues. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleOrlando Washinton Meneses Quelal, Borja Velázquez-Martí, Juan Gaibor Chavez, Zulay Niño Ruiz, Andrés Ferrer Gisbert. Evaluation of methane production from the anaerobic co-digestion of manure of guinea pig with lignocellulosic Andeans residues. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOrlando Washinton Meneses Quelal; Borja Velázquez-Martí; Juan Gaibor Chavez; Zulay Niño Ruiz; Andrés Ferrer Gisbert. 2021. "Evaluation of methane production from the anaerobic co-digestion of manure of guinea pig with lignocellulosic Andeans residues." , no. : 1.
The objective of this research is to experimentally evaluate the anaerobic co-digestion of slaughterhouse residues in the city of Guaranda with straw residues from agriculture, such as: amaranth, quinoa and wheat. The study was carried out on a laboratory scale using 311 ml biodigesters under mesophilic conditions of 37°C. Anaerobic co-digestion resulted in methane yields of 407 ml CH4/g VS, with a methane content in the biogas of 77% for the mixture of slaughterhouse waste and quinoa (RM-QU (25:75)). The increase in inoculum in the mixtures composed of slaughterhouse residues and quinoa increased the biodegradability between 17 and 22%. However, in the mixtures of slaughterhouse waste and amaranth (RM-AM (0:100)), a further increase in inoculum decreased biodegradability by 5%. To predict and simulate methane production, 5 kinetic models were used: modified Gompertz, logistic equation, transfer, cone and Richards. The cone model was the one that best adjusted the experimental values with those predicted with an R2 of 0.982 to 0.999 and RMSE of 0.61 to 6.92 ml CH4/g VS. The calculation of the theoretical yield was carried out by stoichiometry and elemental analysis of the samples. Theoretical yields ranged between 480–564 ml CH4/g VS for all mixtures of RM with agricultural residues.
Orlando Washinton Meneses-Quelal; Borja Velázquez-Martí; Juan Gaibor-Chávez; Zulay Niño-Ruiz; Andrés Ferrer Gisbert. Anaerobic codigestion of slaughter residues with agricultural waste of amaranth quinoa and wheat. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleOrlando Washinton Meneses-Quelal, Borja Velázquez-Martí, Juan Gaibor-Chávez, Zulay Niño-Ruiz, Andrés Ferrer Gisbert. Anaerobic codigestion of slaughter residues with agricultural waste of amaranth quinoa and wheat. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOrlando Washinton Meneses-Quelal; Borja Velázquez-Martí; Juan Gaibor-Chávez; Zulay Niño-Ruiz; Andrés Ferrer Gisbert. 2021. "Anaerobic codigestion of slaughter residues with agricultural waste of amaranth quinoa and wheat." , no. : 1.
This study aims to evaluate the effects of the co‐digestion of agricultural residues with manure from camelids from the Andean zone. Different combinations of llama manure (LM) and vicuñas (VM) were made with amaranth (AS), quinoa (QS), and wheat (WS) residues. They were fermented using sewage sludge as inoculum. The co‐digestion was evaluated under mesophilic conditions for 40 days. The ratios of volatile substances of substrate / co‐substrate evaluated were 0:100; 25:75; 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0. Two substrate / inoculum ratios (SIR 1:1 and SIR1:2) were also evaluated. The results indicate that the maximum methane accumulation rate is obtained in SIR 1:1 for a VM‐AS ratio (25:75) with 540 mL/g volatile solid (VS). In general, the results did not increase with the increase in inoculum; rather, the tendency to improve methane yield is associated with an increase in the amount of agricultural residues, mainly AS. Regarding the kinetic modeling, the transfer model is the one that best adjusted the predicted values to those observed with an r2 between 0.991 and 0.999, and an RMSE value between 2.06 and 13.62 mL/g (volatile solid) VS. Finally, all the trials presented synergistic effects in their co‐digestion except the digesters formed by LM‐AS, LM‐QS and LM‐WS of SIR 1:2. These presented antagonistic effects in which the addition of the co‐substrate generated competition with the substrates, reducing methane production. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Orlando Meneses‐Quelal; Borja Velázquez‐Martí; Juan Gaibor‐Chávez; Zulay Niño‐Ruiz. Effect of the co‐digestion of agricultural lignocellulosic residues with manure from South American camelids. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining 2021, 15, 525 -544.
AMA StyleOrlando Meneses‐Quelal, Borja Velázquez‐Martí, Juan Gaibor‐Chávez, Zulay Niño‐Ruiz. Effect of the co‐digestion of agricultural lignocellulosic residues with manure from South American camelids. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining. 2021; 15 (2):525-544.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOrlando Meneses‐Quelal; Borja Velázquez‐Martí; Juan Gaibor‐Chávez; Zulay Niño‐Ruiz. 2021. "Effect of the co‐digestion of agricultural lignocellulosic residues with manure from South American camelids." Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining 15, no. 2: 525-544.
This paper evaluates the anaerobic digestion of agricultural waste, manure and slaughterhouse residues of species typical of the Andes, such as llama, vicuña and guinea pig; quinoa, amaranth and wheat straw in order to be able to use them as a renewable energy source and boost rural development in the region. Has been used sludge from a WWTP as inoculum, evaluating the effect of two relationships between the substrate and inoculum (RSI) for both livestock and agricultural waste. The highest cumulative maximum methane production rate was obtained for the residues of flame manure and quinoa straw for an RSI of 1:2 with productions of 376.08 ml CH4/g SV and 377.02 ml CH4/g SV respectively. In these materials an RSI of 1:2 obtained increases of 22.56% and 37.54% compared to the RSI 1:1. Also, the kinetic analysis showed that the modified Gompertz model is the one that best fits performance, with constant differences of 7.06% between the experimental and predicted values. On the other hand, the modified Gompertz model was adjusted to the experimental results with an r2 of (0.998) and an RMSE of 4.09 ml/g SV at 17.12 ml/g SV.
W.O. Meneses-Quelal; B. Velázquez-Martí; J. Gaibor-Chávez; Z. Niño-Ruiz. Biochemical potential of methane (BMP) of camelid waste and the Andean region agricultural crops. Renewable Energy 2020, 168, 406 -415.
AMA StyleW.O. Meneses-Quelal, B. Velázquez-Martí, J. Gaibor-Chávez, Z. Niño-Ruiz. Biochemical potential of methane (BMP) of camelid waste and the Andean region agricultural crops. Renewable Energy. 2020; 168 ():406-415.
Chicago/Turabian StyleW.O. Meneses-Quelal; B. Velázquez-Martí; J. Gaibor-Chávez; Z. Niño-Ruiz. 2020. "Biochemical potential of methane (BMP) of camelid waste and the Andean region agricultural crops." Renewable Energy 168, no. : 406-415.
Actualmente en las asignaturas de origen agrario es totalmente necesario utilizar técnicas prácticas. Se ha comprobado a lo largo de los años que son necesarios enfoques que permitan disponer de más horas prácticas para aplicar, con más rapidez y fiabilidad, cualquier técnica agraria que estemos estudiando en las aulas, como también queda reflejado en los procesos de renovación docente de las enseñanzas universitarias, necesaria para producir el cambio educativo. Con estas tertulias se trata de continuar la construcción del conocimiento a partir del diálogo que inició el autor al escribir su obra, primero de una forma individual, para pasar después a enriquecerlo aún más a través de un diálogo colectiv, diálogo que debe facilitar un conocimiento no adquirido, a la vezque con un sistema participativo y nuevas dinámicas de grupo, conseguiremos que el alumno adquiera conocimientos y los afiance. Las tertulias fueron desarrolladas en asignaturas diferentes y aunque las tenían un claro perfil agrario y se encontraban incluidas en un mismo plan de estudios. Permitió establecer resultados diferentes dado que la temática de las asignaturas lo permitía. Las asignaturas elegidas son de diferentes cultivos, leñosos y herbáceos, así como de su manejo Todas ellas en la misma titulación y en diferentes centros. Realizando por lo tanto en distintos enfoques de alumnado y contextos muy diversos, tanto formal como no formal. Los alumnos obtuvieron mejores resultados cuando la temática era tratada mediante tertulia dialógica dado que conseguía emular las condiciones prácticas con la búsqueda de información a través de la lectura.
Isabel López Cortés; Domingo M Salazar; Borja Velázquez-Martí; Javier Estornell-Cremades; Juan Martínez-Tomé. Uso de tertulias dialógicas. Resultados en los exámenes de ciencia agraria. Proceedings INNODOCT/20. International Conference on Innovation, Documentation and Education 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleIsabel López Cortés, Domingo M Salazar, Borja Velázquez-Martí, Javier Estornell-Cremades, Juan Martínez-Tomé. Uso de tertulias dialógicas. Resultados en los exámenes de ciencia agraria. Proceedings INNODOCT/20. International Conference on Innovation, Documentation and Education. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsabel López Cortés; Domingo M Salazar; Borja Velázquez-Martí; Javier Estornell-Cremades; Juan Martínez-Tomé. 2020. "Uso de tertulias dialógicas. Resultados en los exámenes de ciencia agraria." Proceedings INNODOCT/20. International Conference on Innovation, Documentation and Education , no. : 1.
En este trabajo se presenta la experiencia de la aplicación de una metodología de enseñanza-aprendizaje basada en prácticas en asignaturas de temática agrícola y agroindustrial. Ésta consistió en dedicar un 70% de las horas a prácticas de campo y laboratorio, y un 30% de contenidos teóricos. Los contenidos teóricos fueron dirigidos a lecturas de bibliografía que después se exponen en foros antes de la aplicación de la práctica. Las practicas se centraron en experimentar procesos propios de cada cultivo, tales como diferenciación de especies, técnicas de siembra y plantación, reconocimiento de plagas y enfermedades, técnicas de poda, realización de injertos etc. En las asignaturas de agroindustria, tales como aprovechamiento energético de la biomasa, las practicas se orientaron a ejercicios de laboratorio para calcular proiedades de la materia biocombustibles, tales como el poder calorífico, composición de CHN, cenizas etc. La evaluación se realiza de forma tradicional, mediante exámenes parciales y final. También se evalúan las memorias de prácticas. Los resultados obtenidos durante dos años mostraron un aumento de la puntuación de la valoración de la asignatura en las encuestas institucionales. El nivel de aprobados por curso aumentó alrededor de un 10%. Además se realizaron entrevistas para indagar en los aspectos relevantes de la técnica, realizando los alumnos análisis DAFO (Debilidades, Amenazas, Fortalezas, Oportunidades). Entre las debilidades más relevantes se muestra la exigencia de ir a clase para seguir bien el método diseñado de aprendizaje.
Isabel López Cortés; Borja Velázquez-Martí; Viviana Vanesa Vinueza-Villares; Domingo M Salazar Herbabdez. Aprendizaje mediante el ejercicio práctico de actividades en asignaturas de ciencias agrarias. Proceedings INNODOCT/20. International Conference on Innovation, Documentation and Education 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleIsabel López Cortés, Borja Velázquez-Martí, Viviana Vanesa Vinueza-Villares, Domingo M Salazar Herbabdez. Aprendizaje mediante el ejercicio práctico de actividades en asignaturas de ciencias agrarias. Proceedings INNODOCT/20. International Conference on Innovation, Documentation and Education. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsabel López Cortés; Borja Velázquez-Martí; Viviana Vanesa Vinueza-Villares; Domingo M Salazar Herbabdez. 2020. "Aprendizaje mediante el ejercicio práctico de actividades en asignaturas de ciencias agrarias." Proceedings INNODOCT/20. International Conference on Innovation, Documentation and Education , no. : 1.
Drying is considered one of the industrial processes that requires more energy than other processes, being a topic of much interest to the agricultural sector, especially the evaluation of energy consumption for rice and corn dryers. To meet this goal, an overview survey matrix and protocols for temperature measurements of dryers were developed. The study evaluated 49 rice dryers and 14 yellow corn dryers. As a result, it was determined that the oversizing of the fan/extractor and the dryer engine generates a high energy consumption, added to the lack of insulation in the heat ducts. Therefore, the drying productivity index is very low in dryers using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) being 0.14 dollar/quintal for rice and 0.27 dollar/quintal for corn and using biomass reaches 1.4 dollars/quintal. In relation to energy losses, these account for more than 55%. Inadequate energy management in drying processes directly influences the marketing chain of products, the losses of which are caused by fluctuations in the price of rice and corn on the domestic market, with the agricultural sector having to generate an energy efficiency plan.
Emérita Delgado-Plaza; Miguel Quilambaqui; Juan Peralta-Jaramillo; Hector Apolo; Borja Velázquez-Martí. Estimation of the Energy Consumption of the Rice and Corn Drying Process in the Equatorial Zone. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 7497 .
AMA StyleEmérita Delgado-Plaza, Miguel Quilambaqui, Juan Peralta-Jaramillo, Hector Apolo, Borja Velázquez-Martí. Estimation of the Energy Consumption of the Rice and Corn Drying Process in the Equatorial Zone. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (21):7497.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmérita Delgado-Plaza; Miguel Quilambaqui; Juan Peralta-Jaramillo; Hector Apolo; Borja Velázquez-Martí. 2020. "Estimation of the Energy Consumption of the Rice and Corn Drying Process in the Equatorial Zone." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21: 7497.
The unique perspective that microalgae biomass presents for bioenergy production is currently being strongly considered. This type of biomass production involves large amounts of nutrients, due to nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers, which impose production limitations. A viable alternative to fertilizers is wastewater, rich in essential nutrients (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium). Therefore, Arthrospira platensis was cultivated in 150 mL photobioreactors with 70% (v/v) with the wastewater from a dairy industry, under a regime of light:dark cycles (12 h:12 h), with an irradiance of 140 μmol m−2 s−1 photon. The discontinuous cultures were inoculated with an average concentration of chlorophyll-a of 13.19 ± 0.19 mg L−1. High biomass productivity was achieved in the cultures with wastewater from the dairy industry (1.1 ± 0.02 g L−1 d−1). This biomass was subjected to thermal and physical treatments, to be used in co-digestion with cattle manure. Co-digestion was carried out in a mesophilic regime (35 °C) with a C: N ratio of 19:1, reaching a high methane yield of 482.54 ± 8.27 mL of CH4 g−1 volatile solids (VS), compared with control (cattle manure). The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the use of cyanobacterial biomass grown in wastewater to obtain bioenergy.
Xavier Álvarez; Olga Arévalo; Miriam Salvador; Ingrid Mercado; Borja Velásquez-Martí. Cyanobacterial Biomass Produced in the Wastewater of the Dairy Industry and Its Evaluation in Anaerobic Co-Digestion with Cattle Manure for Enhanced Methane Production. Processes 2020, 8, 1 -17.
AMA StyleXavier Álvarez, Olga Arévalo, Miriam Salvador, Ingrid Mercado, Borja Velásquez-Martí. Cyanobacterial Biomass Produced in the Wastewater of the Dairy Industry and Its Evaluation in Anaerobic Co-Digestion with Cattle Manure for Enhanced Methane Production. Processes. 2020; 8 (10):1-17.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXavier Álvarez; Olga Arévalo; Miriam Salvador; Ingrid Mercado; Borja Velásquez-Martí. 2020. "Cyanobacterial Biomass Produced in the Wastewater of the Dairy Industry and Its Evaluation in Anaerobic Co-Digestion with Cattle Manure for Enhanced Methane Production." Processes 8, no. 10: 1-17.
Three lactic acid strains were isolated from feces of the native Zungo Pelado breed of pigs (n = 5) and presumably identified as belonging to the Lactobacillaceae family by morphological techniques showing that they were Gram-positive/rod-shaped and catalase- and oxidase-negative. They were then identified by biochemical tests using API 50CHL as Lactobacillus plantarum (CAM6), Lactobacillus brevis (CAM7), and Lactobacillus acidophilus (CL4). However, 16S rRNA identification showed that all three strains were Lactobacillus plantarum. Additionally, all three isolates were able to grow in pH 3 and 4. Interestingly, the growth of the CAM7 strain decreased at pH 5.6 compared to that of the CAM6 strain (p < 0.05), and the growth of the CL4 strain was reduced at pH 7(p < 0.05). All three candidates showed good growth on bile salts (≥0.15%), and CAM6 and CAM7 showed better tolerance at higher concentrations (0.30%). Similarly, all strains tolerated sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations from 2 to 10%. These strains also grew well at all temperatures tested (30, 37, and 42 °C). The CAM6 strain showed in vitro antibacterial activity against selected enteropathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli strain NBRC 102203 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium 4.5.12) and commensal bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC BAA-1705D-5 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442) and resistance to all antibiotics except amoxicillin. Further studies to evaluate the effects of these probiotic candidate strains in commercial pigs are currently underway.
César Betancur; Yordan Martínez; Guillermo Tellez-Isaias; Mavir Carolina Avellaneda; Borja Velázquez-Martí. In Vitro Characterization of Indigenous Probiotic Strains Isolated from Colombian Creole Pigs. Animals 2020, 10, 1204 .
AMA StyleCésar Betancur, Yordan Martínez, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias, Mavir Carolina Avellaneda, Borja Velázquez-Martí. In Vitro Characterization of Indigenous Probiotic Strains Isolated from Colombian Creole Pigs. Animals. 2020; 10 (7):1204.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCésar Betancur; Yordan Martínez; Guillermo Tellez-Isaias; Mavir Carolina Avellaneda; Borja Velázquez-Martí. 2020. "In Vitro Characterization of Indigenous Probiotic Strains Isolated from Colombian Creole Pigs." Animals 10, no. 7: 1204.
The objective of this research is to present a review of the current technologies and pretreatments used in the fermentation of cow, pig and poultry manure. Pretreatment techniques were classified into physical, chemical, physicochemical, and biological groups. Various aspects of these different pretreatment approaches are discussed in this review. The advantages and disadvantages of its applicability are highlighted since the effects of pretreatments are complex and generally depend on the characteristics of the animal manure and the operational parameters. Biological pretreatments were shown to improve methane production from animal manure by 74%, chemical pretreatments by 45%, heat pretreatments by 41% and physical pretreatments by 30%. In general, pretreatments improve anaerobic digestion of the lignocellulosic content of animal manure and, therefore, increase methane yield.
Orlando Meneses-Quela; Borja Velázquez-Martí. Pretreatment of Animal Manure Biomass to Improve Biogas Production: A Review. Energies 2020, 13, 3573 .
AMA StyleOrlando Meneses-Quela, Borja Velázquez-Martí. Pretreatment of Animal Manure Biomass to Improve Biogas Production: A Review. Energies. 2020; 13 (14):3573.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOrlando Meneses-Quela; Borja Velázquez-Martí. 2020. "Pretreatment of Animal Manure Biomass to Improve Biogas Production: A Review." Energies 13, no. 14: 3573.
This work presents three models for the linking of fruit tree plots which are receptors of rice straw that is applied as mulch, with other straw suppliers plots, whose straw is a byproduct of cultivating cereal. The mulch is applied to fruit tree plots in order to save irrigation water, to reduce the incidence of weeds and to reduce erosion. In other words, they intend to assign a set of supplier plots to each straw receiving plot. Each model solves the problem in one scenario. The first one considers the direct application of straw to a single plot which must be supplied to apply the mulch from several plots. Therefore, these must be selected from a set that act as suppliers. It is not considered prior storage or collection. The second scenario also involves a direct application but in several receiving target plots from several source supplier plots without storage or intermediate storage. The third scenario develops a model that groups provider plots with different collection points; It offers a system that selects the location of the storage points and associates each storage point with a group of receiving plots.
Borja Velázquez Martí; Antonio Torregrosa Mira. Logistic models for distribution of straw in crops of fruit tree plots where mulch is applied. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 2020, 175, 105604 .
AMA StyleBorja Velázquez Martí, Antonio Torregrosa Mira. Logistic models for distribution of straw in crops of fruit tree plots where mulch is applied. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 2020; 175 ():105604.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBorja Velázquez Martí; Antonio Torregrosa Mira. 2020. "Logistic models for distribution of straw in crops of fruit tree plots where mulch is applied." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 175, no. : 105604.
The process of drying at the agroindustry level is considered the most important stage for the storage and conservation of food, but an inadequate sizing of the systems can generate an excessive consumption of fuel and energy. In the case of the agricultural sector, especially in small and medium producers in Ecuador, they tend to dry cereals outdoors, spreading the product over black plastics, asphalt floors, or cements called “tendal”. This process depends on the weather conditions of the area and can take between one or four days of drying, tending to damage the product by fungi. On the other hand, certain producers build dryers empirically, using as the main fuel gas for domestic use, diesel, or firewood. Among the problems presented for these types of dryers are heat losses in the drying chamber as it is not thermally insolated, a lack of temperature control (above 60 °C) and drying speed, excessive fuel use, and 10% burned product, which are essential to control to obtain a quality product and savings in the energy consumption of the dryer. With regard to the problem raised above, the design and construction of a hybrid dryer that worked with 80% of thermal solar and low enthalpy aerogeothermal energy and 20% with electric power was conducted to optimize the drying process and ensure a quality dry product. The work proposes the dimensioning of each component of the dryer. As a result, it was found that the efficiency of the equipment was around 60%, reaching a maximum operating temperature of 52 °C, with a stabilization time of the system in the first hour within 40 min. It should be noted that the design of the prototype is easy to adapt and replicate.
Emérita Delgado-Plaza; Juan Peralta Jaramillo; Miguel Quilambaqui; Olga Gonzalez; José Reinoso-Tigre; Anthony Arevalo; Mirari Arancibia; Mayra Paucar; Borja Velázquez-Martí. Thermal Evaluation of a Hybrid Dryer with Solar and Geothermal Energy for Agroindustry Application. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 4079 .
AMA StyleEmérita Delgado-Plaza, Juan Peralta Jaramillo, Miguel Quilambaqui, Olga Gonzalez, José Reinoso-Tigre, Anthony Arevalo, Mirari Arancibia, Mayra Paucar, Borja Velázquez-Martí. Thermal Evaluation of a Hybrid Dryer with Solar and Geothermal Energy for Agroindustry Application. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (19):4079.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmérita Delgado-Plaza; Juan Peralta Jaramillo; Miguel Quilambaqui; Olga Gonzalez; José Reinoso-Tigre; Anthony Arevalo; Mirari Arancibia; Mayra Paucar; Borja Velázquez-Martí. 2019. "Thermal Evaluation of a Hybrid Dryer with Solar and Geothermal Energy for Agroindustry Application." Applied Sciences 9, no. 19: 4079.
Within the city of Guayaquil, the Protector Prosperina Forest is located, which protects an area rich in biodiversity. To prevent visitors from damaging the forest, the Polytechnic community has established a tourism intervention plan based on sustainability criteria, generating responsible and ecological tourism. Therefore, the project aims to improvement of spaces, signage, and construction of energy systems using renewable energy for lighting and loading of electronic devices, will also, serve as logistical technical support for the operation of the sensor network and information acquisition for the monitoring of diversity forest through audio and video, especially for the protection of those species that are in danger of extinction. In this initiative to raise awareness and promote the protection of the forest and the sustainable use of its resources, autonomous photovoltaic stations have been installed in 5 strategic locations for the development of the aforementioned activities.
Emérita Delgado-Plaza; Gabriel Intriago; Juan Peralta-Jaramillo; Paolo Piedrahita; Borja Velázquez-Martí; Delgado- Plaza; Peralta- Jaramillo; Velázquez- Martí. Autonomous Installations for Monitoring the “Protector Prosperina“ Forest. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 4034 .
AMA StyleEmérita Delgado-Plaza, Gabriel Intriago, Juan Peralta-Jaramillo, Paolo Piedrahita, Borja Velázquez-Martí, Delgado- Plaza, Peralta- Jaramillo, Velázquez- Martí. Autonomous Installations for Monitoring the “Protector Prosperina“ Forest. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (19):4034.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmérita Delgado-Plaza; Gabriel Intriago; Juan Peralta-Jaramillo; Paolo Piedrahita; Borja Velázquez-Martí; Delgado- Plaza; Peralta- Jaramillo; Velázquez- Martí. 2019. "Autonomous Installations for Monitoring the “Protector Prosperina“ Forest." Applied Sciences 9, no. 19: 4034.
Julián Alberto Sabattini; Rafael Alberto Sabattini; Alicia Florencia Urteaga‐Omar; Borja Velázquez‐Martí. Classification of successional stages in native forests of the Argentine Spinal through neural networks. Land Degradation & Development 2019, 30, 2064 -2072.
AMA StyleJulián Alberto Sabattini, Rafael Alberto Sabattini, Alicia Florencia Urteaga‐Omar, Borja Velázquez‐Martí. Classification of successional stages in native forests of the Argentine Spinal through neural networks. Land Degradation & Development. 2019; 30 (17):2064-2072.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulián Alberto Sabattini; Rafael Alberto Sabattini; Alicia Florencia Urteaga‐Omar; Borja Velázquez‐Martí. 2019. "Classification of successional stages in native forests of the Argentine Spinal through neural networks." Land Degradation & Development 30, no. 17: 2064-2072.
Pruning agroforestry areas generates significant amounts of lignocellulosic biomass every year. The energy production potential of this biomass is unclear. The aim of this research was to quantify the amount of pruning residues generated from Teak (Tectona grandis), which are composed by mixtures of wood and leaves. An equation from a regression model has been proposed to quantify these residues with a adjusted coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.73. On the other hand, mixtures with different wood/leaf ratios of Teak were characterized by its higher heating value (HHV), elemental composition, structural and proximate analysis. This analysis allowed for further development of indirect HHV prediction models that are economically attractive and less time consuming than direct measurements. These models presented high coefficients of determination (r2 0.66–0.77). It has been determined that teak has the highest mean HHV of 17,373.7 kJ kg−1 dry. Elemental analysis showed the highest carbon content was about 46.2%. Mean hydrogen content was 7.5%. Leaf content has influenced on ash and nitrogen percentages. Nevertheless, the amount of nitrogen did not reach 1% for mixtures with leaf ratio lower than 50%. It is concluded that the proposed model can be used to predict the biomass of teak pruning grown in Aw climatic conditions. From the characterization of these pruned materials, the energy, residues and emissions can be estimated.
Juan José Pérez Arévalo; Borja Velázquez Martí. Characterization of teak pruning waste as an energy resource. Agroforestry Systems 2019, 94, 241 -250.
AMA StyleJuan José Pérez Arévalo, Borja Velázquez Martí. Characterization of teak pruning waste as an energy resource. Agroforestry Systems. 2019; 94 (1):241-250.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan José Pérez Arévalo; Borja Velázquez Martí. 2019. "Characterization of teak pruning waste as an energy resource." Agroforestry Systems 94, no. 1: 241-250.
A dendrometric and energetic characterisation of Tamarix africana L. was carried out in this study. This is an indigenous plant species in the Mediterranean area, and it can survive in semi-arid areas with saline soils and occasional floods. Owing to these characteristics, this species is a good candidate for its use in the restoration of several environments, such as the marshes. This opens up the possibility of improving the management of biomass, which can be used for obtaining economic benefits from its energetic use. For the stems, biomass volume functions were determined from their diameter and length with r2 of 0.96. For the whole plant, biomass volume functions were determined from the diameter of the projected area in the soil and the height of the plant with r2 of 0.95. For energetic characterisation, the density, higher heat value, and the composition of this wood were measured in terms of following elements: carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulphur and chlorine, volatiles and ash. The determination of its composition in C allows us to evaluate the CO2 fixed by the plant during its growth. The average catchment was estimated to be 2.58 kg/plant.
Borja Velázquez Martí; Juan Ramón Torres Sánchez; Ángel-Jesús Callejón-Ferre; Isabel López Cortés. Dendrometric analysis of Tamarix africana L.,species of river and wetlands of the Mediterranean area. Characterisation of biomass. Biomass and Bioenergy 2018, 120, 426 -432.
AMA StyleBorja Velázquez Martí, Juan Ramón Torres Sánchez, Ángel-Jesús Callejón-Ferre, Isabel López Cortés. Dendrometric analysis of Tamarix africana L.,species of river and wetlands of the Mediterranean area. Characterisation of biomass. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2018; 120 ():426-432.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBorja Velázquez Martí; Juan Ramón Torres Sánchez; Ángel-Jesús Callejón-Ferre; Isabel López Cortés. 2018. "Dendrometric analysis of Tamarix africana L.,species of river and wetlands of the Mediterranean area. Characterisation of biomass." Biomass and Bioenergy 120, no. : 426-432.