Short-term load forecast (STLF) plays an important role in power system operations. This paper proposes a spline bases-assisted Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) for STLF with a semi-parametric model being adopted to determine the suitable spline bases for constructing the RNN model. To reduce the exposure to real-time uncertainties, interpolation is achieved by an adapted mean adjustment and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) scheme for finer time interval forecast adjustment. To circumvent the effects of forecasted apparent temperature bias, the forecasted temperatures issued by the weather bureau are adjusted using the average of the forecast errors over the preceding 28 days. The proposed RNN model is trained using 15-min interval load data from the Taiwan Power Company (TPC) and has been used by system operators since 2019. Forecast results show that the spline bases-assisted RNN-STLF method accurately predicts the short-term variations in power demand over the studied time period. The proposed real-time short-term load calibration scheme can help accommodate unexpected changes in load patterns and shows great potential for real-time applications.

Information on age and growth is essential to modern stock assessment and the development of management plans for fish resources. To provide quality otolith-based estimates of growth parameters, this study performed five types of analyses on the two important croakers that were under high fishing pressure in southwestern Taiwan: Pennahia macrocephalus (big-head pennah croaker) and Atrobucca nibe (blackmouth croaker): (1) Estimation of length–weight relationships (LWR) with discussion on the differences with previous studies; (2) validation of the periodicity of ring formation using edge analysis; (3) examination of three age determination methods (integral, quartile and back-calculation methods) and selection of the most appropriate one using a k-fold cross-validation simulation; (4) determination of the representative growth models from four candidate models using a multimodel inference approach; and, (5) compilation of growth parameters for all Pennahia and Atrobucca species published globally for reviewing the clusters of estimates using auximetric plots of logged growth parameters. The study observed that features of samples affected the LWR estimates. Edge analysis supported the growth rings were formed annually, and the cross-validation study supported the quartile method (age was determined as the number of opaque bands on otolith plus the quartile of the width of the marginal translucent band) provided more appropriate estimates of age. The multimodel inference approach suggested the von Bertalanffy growth model as the optimal model for P. macrocephalus and logistic growth model for A. nibe, with asymptotic lengths and relative growth rates of 18.0 cm TL and 0.789 year⁻¹ and 55.21 cm, 0.374 year⁻¹, respectively. Auximetric plots of global estimates showed a downward trend with clusters by species. Growth rates of the two species were higher than in previous studies using the same aging structure (otolith) and from similar locations conducted a decade ago, suggesting a possible effect of increased fishing pressure and the need to establish a management framework. This study adds updated information to the global literature and provides an overview of growth parameters for the two important croakers.

In this article, vertical interconnection implemented as capacitive-based chip-to-chip differential signaling offers crosstalk noise reduction in three-dimensional (3-D) die stacking. To investigate the effects of signal transmission reliability on the 3-D stacked die structure, this article aims at providing the parametric models. The signal and noise properties of capacitively coupled channels are studied using a 3-D electromagnetic field solver to extract the mixed-mode scattering parameters of the differential signal pads. Corner differential arrangements are considered, and their abilities to reject noise are investigated through the proposed parametric models. The exponential decay and generalized exponential decay models are formulated and estimated with the simulated data to assess the transmission quality of the signal. It is observed that there is a nonlinear pattern of the signal-to-noise ratio values related to differential frequency responses for the given pad overlap and the pitch size. The performances of the two models are compared through the root-mean-square error and the mean absolute percentage error for sample fitting as well as for extrapolation prediction. The characteristics of the generalized exponential decay models are also presented and illustrated. The proposed design methodology can be applied to expedite the optimized implementation of capacitive coupling interconnection for a specific operating frequency band.

In this article, vertical interconnection implemented as capacitive-based chip-to-chip differential signaling offers crosstalk noise reduction in three-dimensional (3-D) die stacking. To investigate the effects of signal transmission reliability on the 3-D stacked die structure, this article aims at providing the semi-parametric models. The signal and noise properties of capacitively coupled channels are studied using a 3-D electromagnetic field solver to extract the mixed-mode scattering parameters of the differential signal pads. Corner differential arrangements are considered, and their abilities for frequency-aware placement design are investigated through the proposed semi-parametric models.