This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.

Unclaimed
Farshad Moradi Kashkooli
Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 19967-15433, Iran

Basic Info

Basic Info is private.

Honors and Awards

The user has no records in this section


Career Timeline

The user has no records in this section.


Short Biography

The user biography is not available.
Following
Followers
Co Authors
The list of users this user is following is empty.
Following: 0 users

Feed

Review
Published: 19 May 2021 in Polymers
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are a type of material with specific features of polymers and of liquid crystals. They exhibit interesting behaviors, i.e., they are able to change their physical properties when met with external stimuli, including heat, light, electric, and magnetic fields. This behavior makes LCEs a suitable candidate for a variety of applications, including, but not limited to, artificial muscles, optical devices, microscopy and imaging systems, biosensor devices, and optimization of solar energy collectors. Due to the wide range of applicability, numerical models are needed not only to further our understanding of the underlining mechanics governing LCE behavior, but also to enable the predictive modeling of their behavior under different circumstances for different applications. Given that several mainstream methods are used for LCE modeling, viz. finite element method, Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics, and the growing interest and reliance on computer modeling for predicting the opto-mechanical behavior of complex structures in real world applications, there is a need to gain a better understanding regarding their strengths and weaknesses so that the best method can be utilized for the specific application at hand. Therefore, this investigation aims to not only to present a multitude of examples on numerical studies conducted on LCEs, but also attempts at offering a concise categorization of different methods based on the desired application to act as a guide for current and future research in this field.

ACS Style

Madjid Soltani; Kaamran Raahemifar; Arman Nokhosteen; Farshad Kashkooli; Elham Zoudani. Numerical Methods in Studies of Liquid Crystal Elastomers. Polymers 2021, 13, 1650 .

AMA Style

Madjid Soltani, Kaamran Raahemifar, Arman Nokhosteen, Farshad Kashkooli, Elham Zoudani. Numerical Methods in Studies of Liquid Crystal Elastomers. Polymers. 2021; 13 (10):1650.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Madjid Soltani; Kaamran Raahemifar; Arman Nokhosteen; Farshad Kashkooli; Elham Zoudani. 2021. "Numerical Methods in Studies of Liquid Crystal Elastomers." Polymers 13, no. 10: 1650.

Review
Published: 19 May 2021 in Cancers
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Application of drugs in high doses has been required due to the limitations of no specificity, short circulation half-lives, as well as low bioavailability and solubility. Higher toxicity is the result of high dosage administration of drug molecules that increase the side effects of the drugs. Recently, nanomedicine, that is the utilization of nanotechnology in healthcare with clinical applications, has made many advancements in the areas of cancer diagnosis and therapy. To overcome the challenge of patient-specificity as well as time- and dose-dependency of drug administration, artificial intelligence (AI) can be significantly beneficial for optimization of nanomedicine and combinatorial nanotherapy. AI has become a tool for researchers to manage complicated and big data, ranging from achieving complementary results to routine statistical analyses. AI enhances the prediction precision of treatment impact in cancer patients and specify estimation outcomes. Application of AI in nanotechnology leads to a new field of study, i.e., nanoinformatics. Besides, AI can be coupled with nanorobots, as an emerging technology, to develop targeted drug delivery systems. Furthermore, by the advancements in the nanomedicine field, AI-based combination therapy can facilitate the understanding of diagnosis and therapy of the cancer patients. The main objectives of this review are to discuss the current developments, possibilities, and future visions in naoinformatics, for providing more effective treatment for cancer patients.

ACS Style

Madjid Soltani; Farshad Moradi Kashkooli; Mohammad Souri; Samaneh Zare Harofte; Tina Harati; Atefeh Khadem; Mohammad Haeri Pour; Kaamran Raahemifar. Enhancing Clinical Translation of Cancer Using Nanoinformatics. Cancers 2021, 13, 2481 .

AMA Style

Madjid Soltani, Farshad Moradi Kashkooli, Mohammad Souri, Samaneh Zare Harofte, Tina Harati, Atefeh Khadem, Mohammad Haeri Pour, Kaamran Raahemifar. Enhancing Clinical Translation of Cancer Using Nanoinformatics. Cancers. 2021; 13 (10):2481.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Madjid Soltani; Farshad Moradi Kashkooli; Mohammad Souri; Samaneh Zare Harofte; Tina Harati; Atefeh Khadem; Mohammad Haeri Pour; Kaamran Raahemifar. 2021. "Enhancing Clinical Translation of Cancer Using Nanoinformatics." Cancers 13, no. 10: 2481.

Journal article
Published: 22 February 2021 in Energies
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Adaptive and flexible control techniques have recently been examined as methods of controlling flow and reducing the potential noise in vertical axis wind turbines. Two-Dimensional (2D) fluid flow simulation around rod-airfoil is addressed in this study as a simple component of the wind turbine by using Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) equations for prediction of noise using Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) analogy. To control the flow and reduce noise, the active controlling vibration rod method is utilized with a maximum displacement ranging from 0.01 C to 1 C (C: airfoil chord). Acoustic assessment indicates that the leading edge of the blade produces noise, that by applying vibration in cylinder, blade noise in 0.1 C and 1 C decreases by 22 dB and 35 dB, respectively. Applying vibration is aerodynamically helpful since it reduces the fluctuations in the airfoil lift force by approximately 48% and those in the rod by about 46%. Strouhal assessment (frequency) shows that application of control is accompanied by 20% increase. Applying vibration in the rod reduces the flow fluctuations around the blade, thus reduces the wind turbine blade noise. This idea, as a simple example, can be used to study the incoming flow to turbines and their blades that are affected by the upstream flow.

ACS Style

Mohammad Souri; Farshad Moradi Kashkooli; Madjid Soltani; Kaamran Raahemifar. Effect of Upstream Side Flow of Wind Turbine on Aerodynamic Noise: Simulation Using Open-Loop Vibration in the Rod in Rod-Airfoil Configuration. Energies 2021, 14, 1170 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Souri, Farshad Moradi Kashkooli, Madjid Soltani, Kaamran Raahemifar. Effect of Upstream Side Flow of Wind Turbine on Aerodynamic Noise: Simulation Using Open-Loop Vibration in the Rod in Rod-Airfoil Configuration. Energies. 2021; 14 (4):1170.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Souri; Farshad Moradi Kashkooli; Madjid Soltani; Kaamran Raahemifar. 2021. "Effect of Upstream Side Flow of Wind Turbine on Aerodynamic Noise: Simulation Using Open-Loop Vibration in the Rod in Rod-Airfoil Configuration." Energies 14, no. 4: 1170.

Journal article
Published: 16 January 2021 in Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology
Reads 0
Downloads 0

This study uses a multi-scale computational model to assess drug delivery to a solid tumor and to predict the treatment's efficacy. A geometric model of the tumor and the capillary network are obtained by extracting the geometry through processing a real image. Next, the equations related to intravascular and interstitial flows as well as drug transport in the tissue are solved by considering real conditions as well as details such as drug binding to cells and cellular uptake. The study results show values of about 34.71% and 5.27% for the fraction of killed cells (FKCs) for tumor cells and normal tissue cells, respectively. Examining eight different modes for inlet and outlet pressures of parent vessels shows that the difference between the maximum and minimum FKCs is about 7.37%, and the side effects for all modes are almost the same. For this geometry, a comparison of two tumor shapes illustrates that circular tumors are more easily eradicated than elliptical ones. Evaluating tumor treatments based on the fraction of surviving cells (FSCs) shows that after eight sequential treatment stages at 15-day intervals, 7.78% of tumor cells remain, and about 16% of healthy tissue cells have been damaged by the treatment. Reducing the size of larger tumors is found to be much easier than reducing the size of smaller ones; therefore, the best way to eliminate small tumors is to use adjuvant therapy. The proposed approach can help drug designers decide on new drugs by considering treatment outcomes, and can also help oncologists plan the best treatment for each patient by evaluating treatment responses.

ACS Style

Farshad Moradi Kashkooli; M. Soltani; Mohammad Masoud Momeni. Computational modeling of drug delivery to solid tumors: A pilot study based on a real image. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology 2021, 62, 102347 .

AMA Style

Farshad Moradi Kashkooli, M. Soltani, Mohammad Masoud Momeni. Computational modeling of drug delivery to solid tumors: A pilot study based on a real image. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. 2021; 62 ():102347.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Farshad Moradi Kashkooli; M. Soltani; Mohammad Masoud Momeni. 2021. "Computational modeling of drug delivery to solid tumors: A pilot study based on a real image." Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology 62, no. : 102347.

Journal article
Published: 03 January 2021 in Sustainability
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Transmission and spread of exhaled contaminants in the air may cause many airborne infectious diseases. In addition to appropriate ventilation, air cleaner devices are used as one of the most common ways to improve the indoor air quality. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the performance of an air cleaner under different operating conditions. This study mainly concerns investigating the effect of presence or absence of furniture and its displacement on the removal rate of the particles leaving a person’s mouth while coughing in an isolated room. Moreover, the effect of air exit angle of the device on removal rate of contaminated particles and the pattern of their dispersion within a room was studied. To this aim, computational fluid dynamics were employed to examine the mentioned effects by using the Eulerian− Lagrangian method. As the results indicated, when the furniture was placed farther away from the device, more particles were removed by the device. Additionally, the air ejection angle of the air cleaner device significantly affects the removal of particles. Results of the present study could improve use of air cleaner devices for maximum reduction of particles in the indoor environment.

ACS Style

Farshad Moradi Kashkooli; Mostafa Sefidgar; M. Soltani; Shahab Anbari; Seyed-Amir Shahandashti; Bahram Zargar. Numerical Assessment of an Air Cleaner Device under Different Working Conditions in an Indoor Environment. Sustainability 2021, 13, 369 .

AMA Style

Farshad Moradi Kashkooli, Mostafa Sefidgar, M. Soltani, Shahab Anbari, Seyed-Amir Shahandashti, Bahram Zargar. Numerical Assessment of an Air Cleaner Device under Different Working Conditions in an Indoor Environment. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (1):369.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Farshad Moradi Kashkooli; Mostafa Sefidgar; M. Soltani; Shahab Anbari; Seyed-Amir Shahandashti; Bahram Zargar. 2021. "Numerical Assessment of an Air Cleaner Device under Different Working Conditions in an Indoor Environment." Sustainability 13, no. 1: 369.

Journal article
Published: 30 December 2020 in Energies
Reads 0
Downloads 0

In this study, a numerical and empirical scheme for increasing cooling tower performance is developed by combining the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with a neural network and considering the packing’s compaction as an effective factor for higher accuracies. An experimental setup is used to analyze the effects of packing compaction on the performance. The neural network is optimized by the PSO algorithm in order to predict the precise temperature difference, efficiency, and outlet temperature, which are functions of air flow rate, water flow rate, inlet water temperature, inlet air temperature, inlet air relative humidity, and packing compaction. The effects of water flow rate, air flow rate, inlet water temperature, and packing compaction on the performance are examined. A new empirical model for the cooling tower performance and efficiency is also developed. Finally, the optimized performance conditions of the cooling tower are obtained by the presented correlations. The results reveal that cooling tower efficiency is increased by increasing the air flow rate, water flow rate, and packing compaction.

ACS Style

Hasan Alimoradi; Madjid Soltani; Pooriya Shahali; Farshad Moradi Kashkooli; Razieh Larizadeh; Kaamran Raahemifar; Mohammad Adibi; Behzad Ghasemi. Experimental Investigation on Improvement of Wet Cooling Tower Efficiency with Diverse Packing Compaction Using ANN-PSO Algorithm. Energies 2020, 14, 167 .

AMA Style

Hasan Alimoradi, Madjid Soltani, Pooriya Shahali, Farshad Moradi Kashkooli, Razieh Larizadeh, Kaamran Raahemifar, Mohammad Adibi, Behzad Ghasemi. Experimental Investigation on Improvement of Wet Cooling Tower Efficiency with Diverse Packing Compaction Using ANN-PSO Algorithm. Energies. 2020; 14 (1):167.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hasan Alimoradi; Madjid Soltani; Pooriya Shahali; Farshad Moradi Kashkooli; Razieh Larizadeh; Kaamran Raahemifar; Mohammad Adibi; Behzad Ghasemi. 2020. "Experimental Investigation on Improvement of Wet Cooling Tower Efficiency with Diverse Packing Compaction Using ANN-PSO Algorithm." Energies 14, no. 1: 167.

Journal article
Published: 09 December 2020 in Energy Conversion and Management
Reads 0
Downloads 0

One significant obstacle to the adoption of geothermal heat pump (GHP) technology is the installation costs of geothermal heat exchangers (GHE). Cost reduction through optimization of system parameter offers the potential for increased applications. In the current work, five major parameters are considered: length, radius, well numbers, the flow discharge inside the pipe, and the pipe's external radius for optimization using a genetic algorithm (GA) for a residential building in hot climatic conditions. In addition, system optimization is critical in determining values of design parameters for assessing the impact different circulating fluids on the energy consumption of GHP. A ten-year simulation is undertaken to evaluate the capacity of various circulating fluids and their effects on energy consumption reduction. The simulation shows a significant decrease in energy consumption based on varying levels of Ethylene glycol, Methanol, Potassium acetate, Sodium chloride, Freezium™ compared to pure Water in the GHP. The COP of the GHP system is also calculated with different circulating fluids. In addition, the circulating fluid with the highest performance loss during ten years of operation is identified. Based on the results, Ethylene glycol is selected as the preferred solution for use in the GHP. In the present study, we have also established the optimum configuration of GHEs according to a reliable evolutionary algorithm for investigating the effect of various circulating fluids on the system's energy consumption.

ACS Style

M. Soltani; Pooya Farzanehkhameneh; Farshad Moradi Kashkooli; Armughan Al-Haq; Jatin Nathwani. Optimization and energy assessment of geothermal heat exchangers for different circulating fluids. Energy Conversion and Management 2020, 228, 113733 .

AMA Style

M. Soltani, Pooya Farzanehkhameneh, Farshad Moradi Kashkooli, Armughan Al-Haq, Jatin Nathwani. Optimization and energy assessment of geothermal heat exchangers for different circulating fluids. Energy Conversion and Management. 2020; 228 ():113733.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Soltani; Pooya Farzanehkhameneh; Farshad Moradi Kashkooli; Armughan Al-Haq; Jatin Nathwani. 2020. "Optimization and energy assessment of geothermal heat exchangers for different circulating fluids." Energy Conversion and Management 228, no. : 113733.

Journal article
Published: 30 August 2020 in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The high geothermal heat exchanger (GHE) installation cost is the main challenge encountered in the widespread use of geothermal heat pump (GHP) systems, so its optimization is vital for reducing the costs. In the present study, five main parameters ─the radius, length, and the number of wells, the external pipe's radius, and the flow discharge inside the pipe─ are optimized by genetic algorithm (GA) for a residential building in Tehran. Moreover, sensitivity analysis of several design parameters, which are not considered in the objective function, indicates that pipe thermal conductivity, borehole thermal conductivity, soil thermal conductivity, and borehole distance parameters had the highest effects on entropy generation (EG), respectively. Therefore, this approach can help engineers to select the most efficient parameters for improving their design. Eventually, the optimized GHP is investigated by energy and economic viewpoints. One-year energy simulation of these systems is conducted to determine the energy consumption. Simulation results suggest that the annual energy consumption of the GHP with the coefficient of performance (COP) of 5.6 is 10.111 MWh; whereas, the annual consumption of heat pumps with an air-source heat pump equals 42.222 MWh, which is 4.17 times greater than that of the GHP. A simulation over a 10-year period is also performed to consider the drop in performance of the GHE over time. Furthermore, the economic analysis results suggest that the payback period of this system is about 7.4 years, and the energy subsidy paid by the government will be reduced annually to 14, 417, 839 Iranian Rial (IRR).

ACS Style

Pooya Farzanehkhameneh; M. Soltani; Farshad Moradi Kashkooli; Masoud Ziabasharhagh. Optimization and energy-economic assessment of a geothermal heat pump system. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2020, 133, 110282 .

AMA Style

Pooya Farzanehkhameneh, M. Soltani, Farshad Moradi Kashkooli, Masoud Ziabasharhagh. Optimization and energy-economic assessment of a geothermal heat pump system. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2020; 133 ():110282.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pooya Farzanehkhameneh; M. Soltani; Farshad Moradi Kashkooli; Masoud Ziabasharhagh. 2020. "Optimization and energy-economic assessment of a geothermal heat pump system." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 133, no. : 110282.

Journal article
Published: 02 July 2020 in Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Microwave ablation (MWA) is a targeted process that kills malignant cells by heating a tumor region without damaging the surrounding tissue. The microwave heating of tumors can be improved by the injection of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The effectiveness of this technique, evaluated by the dimensions of the ablation zone, is related to the MNPs’ concentration and the MWA input power and frequency. This work investigates how MNP dissipation affects the temperature profile of solid tumors undergoing MWA. The influences of the injection site, diffusion duration, and the size of the particles are investigated. The temperature profile is numerically estimated by solving coupled electromagnetic field and bio-heat transfer equation using the finite element method. Results demonstrate that the injection process has an essential role in temperature distribution, and that the assumption of uniform drug distribution in the tumor is not a prerequisite. Although increasing the diffusion time decreases the maximum temperature difference from 76.7 °C to 62.6 °C, the radius of the ablation zone increases 1.4 times, because MNPs seeping throughout the tumor increase heat penetration. Results also demonstrate that, compared to 20 nm nanoparticles, 10 nm ones increase the area of ablation by 30%, due to their better diffusion in the tumor. This investigation concludes that diffusion of MNPs in a tumor can improve MWA efficiency.

ACS Style

M. Soltani; Masoud H.H. Tehrani; Farshad Moradi Kashkooli; Mohsen Rezaeian. Effects of magnetic nanoparticle diffusion on microwave ablation treatment: A numerical approach. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 2020, 514, 167196 .

AMA Style

M. Soltani, Masoud H.H. Tehrani, Farshad Moradi Kashkooli, Mohsen Rezaeian. Effects of magnetic nanoparticle diffusion on microwave ablation treatment: A numerical approach. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 2020; 514 ():167196.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Soltani; Masoud H.H. Tehrani; Farshad Moradi Kashkooli; Mohsen Rezaeian. 2020. "Effects of magnetic nanoparticle diffusion on microwave ablation treatment: A numerical approach." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 514, no. : 167196.

Journal article
Published: 30 May 2020 in European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The present study examines chemotherapy by incorporating multi-scale mathematical modeling to predict drug delivery and its effects. This approach leads to a more-realistic physiological tumor model than is possible with previous approaches, as it obtains the capillary network geometry from an image, and also considers the tumor's necrotic core, drug binding, and cellular uptake. Modeling of the fluid flow and drug transport is then performed in the extracellular matrix. The results demonstrate a 10% drop in the fraction of killed cancer cells 69% rather than the 79% reported earlier for a tumor of similar geometry a more-accurate value. This study examines how tumor-related parameters including the necrotic core size and tumor size, and also drug-related parameters drug dosage, binding affinity of drug, and drug degradation can affect the delivery of the drug to solid tumors. Results indicate that concentration of drug are high in the tumor, low in normal tissue, and remarkably low in the necrotic core. Results also offer a treatment of tumors with smaller necrotic core. Tumor size, which implies the tumor progression, has a considerable impact on treatment outcomes, so to be more effective, treatment should be applied at a specific size of tumor. It is demonstrated that binding affinity of drugs to cell-surface receptors and drug dosage have significant impact on treatment efficacy, so they should be regulated based on a balanced quantification between maximum treatment efficacy and minimum side effects. On the other hand, considering the effects of drug degradation in the model has not significant effect on treatment efficacy. The findings of the present study provide insight into the mechanism of drug delivery to solid tumors based on analyzing the effective parameters and modeling how their behavior in the tumor microenvironment affects treatment efficacy.

ACS Style

Farshad Moradi Kashkooli; M. Soltani; Mohammad-Hossein Hamedi. Drug delivery to solid tumors with heterogeneous microvascular networks: Novel insights from image-based numerical modeling. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2020, 151, 105399 .

AMA Style

Farshad Moradi Kashkooli, M. Soltani, Mohammad-Hossein Hamedi. Drug delivery to solid tumors with heterogeneous microvascular networks: Novel insights from image-based numerical modeling. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2020; 151 ():105399.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Farshad Moradi Kashkooli; M. Soltani; Mohammad-Hossein Hamedi. 2020. "Drug delivery to solid tumors with heterogeneous microvascular networks: Novel insights from image-based numerical modeling." European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 151, no. : 105399.

Accepted manuscript
Published: 06 April 2020 in Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express
Reads 0
Downloads 0

To treat cancer, knowledge of mechanical parameters can be essential. This study proposes a new approach for estimating hydraulic conductivity (k) and hydraulic conductivity ratio (α) of a living tissue, based on inverse methods, allowing tissue parameter estimation using only a limited set of measurements. First, two population-based algorithms (Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) method and conjugate gradient (CG) method) and two gradient-based algorithms (genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm) are considered, and a comparative study between these different inverse methods is performed to determine which methods have a good performance in terms of convergence rate and stability. CG method is shown to perform well in the case of noise-free input data; however, in the case of noisy input data, it fails to converge. The other three methods (LM, GA, and PSO) converge with estimation errors <10% in both noise-free and noisy input data, suggesting their utility to tackle this problem. In the second part, the effectiveness and good accuracy of these robust algorithms (LM, GA, and PSO) are validated with experimental results. The hydraulic conductivity and hydraulic conductivity ratio of a specific living tumor tissue are then estimated for mammary adenocarcinoma (R3230AC). Moreover, assuming measurement of only one-point interstitial pressure inside the tumor, the effect of the location of this one-point on estimation accuracy of hydraulic conductivity is investigated. We show that estimation errors for points measured near the surface and center of the tumor are greater than at other points.

ACS Style

Madjid Soltani; Muhammad Jabbarifar; Farshad Moradi Kashkooli; Arman Rahmim. Evaluation of inverse methods for estimation of mechanical parameters in solid tumors. Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express 2020, 6, 035027 .

AMA Style

Madjid Soltani, Muhammad Jabbarifar, Farshad Moradi Kashkooli, Arman Rahmim. Evaluation of inverse methods for estimation of mechanical parameters in solid tumors. Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express. 2020; 6 (3):035027.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Madjid Soltani; Muhammad Jabbarifar; Farshad Moradi Kashkooli; Arman Rahmim. 2020. "Evaluation of inverse methods for estimation of mechanical parameters in solid tumors." Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express 6, no. 3: 035027.

Review
Published: 20 August 2019 in International Journal of Green Energy
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Global energy demand is increasing, driven by population rise, technological development, and a desire for a better lifestyle. However, because environmental issues such as fossil-fuel-sourced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are emerging as constraints on the nature of energy sources, using renewable and sustainable energy sources is the appropriate and applicable response. Geothermal energy is one form of renewable and sustainable energy, which has certain advantages such as consistency, a vast amount of untapped potential, availability, and a wide range of possible applications that make it an interesting and viable solution for helping meet the world’s energy needs while reducing GHG emissions (especially CO2). We provide a comprehensive review on the evolution of geothermal energy production from its obscure beginnings to the present time by reporting production data from individual countries and collective data of worldwide production. In addition, we provide an overview of relevant technologies at the industrial level, such as site identification, power production methods, and direct use. Finally, we discuss the geothermal power production prospects for 2050, the classification of production capacity on the technology side, and existing roadmaps for points of interest concerning technological development. We hope this review helps to identify existing gaps, future challenges, and areas needing further attention and investigation.

ACS Style

M. Soltani; F. Moradi Kashkooli; A.R. Dehghani-Sanij; A. Nokhosteen; A. Ahmadi-Joughi; K. Gharali; S.B. Mahbaz; M.B. Dusseault. A comprehensive review of geothermal energy evolution and development. International Journal of Green Energy 2019, 16, 971 -1009.

AMA Style

M. Soltani, F. Moradi Kashkooli, A.R. Dehghani-Sanij, A. Nokhosteen, A. Ahmadi-Joughi, K. Gharali, S.B. Mahbaz, M.B. Dusseault. A comprehensive review of geothermal energy evolution and development. International Journal of Green Energy. 2019; 16 (13):971-1009.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Soltani; F. Moradi Kashkooli; A.R. Dehghani-Sanij; A. Nokhosteen; A. Ahmadi-Joughi; K. Gharali; S.B. Mahbaz; M.B. Dusseault. 2019. "A comprehensive review of geothermal energy evolution and development." International Journal of Green Energy 16, no. 13: 971-1009.

Journal article
Published: 30 April 2018 in Energies
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Passive cooling systems, such as wind towers, can help to reduce energy consumption in buildings and at the same time reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Wind towers can naturally ventilate buildings and also can create enhanced thermal comfort for occupants during the warm months. This study proposes a modern wind tower design with a moistened pad. The new design includes a fixed column, a rotating and movable head, an air opening with a screen, and two windows at the end of the column. The wind tower can be installed on roof-tops to take advantage of ambient airflow. The wind tower’s head can be controlled manually or automatically to capture optimum wind velocity based on desired thermal condition. To maximize its performance, a small pump was considered to circulate and spray water on an evaporative cooling pad. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of airflow around and inside the proposed wind tower is conducted to analyze the ventilation performance of this new design of wind tower. Thereby, the velocity, total pressure, and pressure coefficient distributions around and within the wind tower for different wind velocities are examined. The simulation results illustrate that the new wind tower design with a moistened pad can be a reasonable solution to improve naturally the thermal comfort of buildings in hot and dry climates.

ACS Style

Madjid Soltani; Alireza Dehghani-Sanij; Ahmad Sayadnia; Farshad M. Kashkooli; Kobra Gharali; SeyedBijan Mahbaz; Maurice B. Dusseault. Investigation of Airflow Patterns in a New Design of Wind Tower with a Wetted Surface. Energies 2018, 11, 1100 .

AMA Style

Madjid Soltani, Alireza Dehghani-Sanij, Ahmad Sayadnia, Farshad M. Kashkooli, Kobra Gharali, SeyedBijan Mahbaz, Maurice B. Dusseault. Investigation of Airflow Patterns in a New Design of Wind Tower with a Wetted Surface. Energies. 2018; 11 (5):1100.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Madjid Soltani; Alireza Dehghani-Sanij; Ahmad Sayadnia; Farshad M. Kashkooli; Kobra Gharali; SeyedBijan Mahbaz; Maurice B. Dusseault. 2018. "Investigation of Airflow Patterns in a New Design of Wind Tower with a Wetted Surface." Energies 11, no. 5: 1100.