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This study explores two competing manufacturers’ green investment decisions with different market sizes in selling price- and green-level-differentiated substitutable green products through a retailer. Five game structures are considered in examining the impacts of power structures on the optimal price and green level decisions and the corresponding equilibrium decisions. A two-way revenue-sharing contract is proposed from the perspective of improving the performance of each member. Numerical experiments are conducted to illustrate the results and gain managerial insights for green product manufacturing and selling in a competitive market. The results demonstrate that the two competing manufacturers need to cooperate rather than compete if cross-price elasticity or the difference between market potentials is too high. In this scenario, the equilibrium outcome can outperform the overall green supply chain’s performance compared to those achieved under the Bertrand or Nash game. The retailer also receives benefits. Due to a higher variation in market size and price sensitivity, the retailer may receive higher profits under the manufacturer’s leadership and vice versa. Therefore, the results contradict the common consensus. Although greening levels remain higher if the retailer dominates or the members have equal power, every member can receive suboptimal profits in these scenarios. It is found that a two-way revenue-sharing contract mechanism based on product market sizes can improve the overall green supply chain’s performance and allocate profit surplus arbitrarily.
Subrata Saha; Zbigniew Banaszak; Grzegorz Bocewicz; Izabela Ewa Nielsen. Pricing and quality competition for substitutable green products with a common retailer. Operational Research 2021, 1 -34.
AMA StyleSubrata Saha, Zbigniew Banaszak, Grzegorz Bocewicz, Izabela Ewa Nielsen. Pricing and quality competition for substitutable green products with a common retailer. Operational Research. 2021; ():1-34.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSubrata Saha; Zbigniew Banaszak; Grzegorz Bocewicz; Izabela Ewa Nielsen. 2021. "Pricing and quality competition for substitutable green products with a common retailer." Operational Research , no. : 1-34.
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been used extensively for search and rescue operations, surveillance, disaster monitoring, attacking terrorists, etc. due to their growing advantages of low-cost, high maneuverability, and easy deployability. This study proposes a mixed-integer programming model under a multi-objective optimization framework to design trajectories that enable a set of UAVs to execute surveillance tasks. The first objective maximizes the cumulative probability of target detection to aim for mission planning success. The second objective ensures minimization of cumulative path length to provide a higher resource utilization goal. A two-step variable neighborhood search (VNS) algorithm is offered, which addresses the combinatorial optimization issue for determining the near-optimal sequence for cell visiting to reach the target. Numerical experiments and simulation results are evaluated in numerous benchmark instances. Results demonstrate that the proposed approach can favorably support practical deployability purposes.
Subrata Saha; Alex Vasegaard; Izabela Nielsen; Aneta Hapka; Henryk Budzisz. UAVs Path Planning under a Bi-Objective Optimization Framework for Smart Cities. Electronics 2021, 10, 1193 .
AMA StyleSubrata Saha, Alex Vasegaard, Izabela Nielsen, Aneta Hapka, Henryk Budzisz. UAVs Path Planning under a Bi-Objective Optimization Framework for Smart Cities. Electronics. 2021; 10 (10):1193.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSubrata Saha; Alex Vasegaard; Izabela Nielsen; Aneta Hapka; Henryk Budzisz. 2021. "UAVs Path Planning under a Bi-Objective Optimization Framework for Smart Cities." Electronics 10, no. 10: 1193.
The main objectives of this research were to identify if the presence of the aquatic weed Pistia stratiotes in the medium could influence the growth of the fish Cyprinus carpio when chronically exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of Cu (0.05 and 0.1 mg/L) and Ni (0.5 and 1.0 mg/L) in the presence of the weed and to compare between effects of Cu and Ni. Experiments were conducted in cement tanks for 90 days. Accumulation of Cu and Ni in water, sediment, fish and weed was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer at the end of the experiments. The data were taken as factors to evaluate the interaction between the treatments of metals and weed and their impact on the growth of the fish. Multiple quadratic regression models followed by surface response plots were used to evaluate the interactions and their effects on the growth of C. carpio. The results indicated that the presence of the weed could reduce the accumulation of Cu and Ni in the sediment and fish and thus could ameliorate the ill effects of these metals on the growth of the fish. But there was a difference in growth response between the metals. By using the quadratic polynomial regression model and the surface response plot, it was revealed that Cu produced more deleterious effects on the growth of C. carpio than Ni. The weed interacted better with Cu than Ni, but for both the metals, the weed failed to prevent adverse effects on the growth of fish at a higher concentration of the metals used. The quadratic polynomial regression model followed by the surface response plot is a powerful tool to analyze the interaction between the weed and the treatments of metals and to compare the adverse effects of Cu and Ni on the growth of C. carpio.
Anupam Ghosh; Anilava Kaviraj; Izabela Ewa Nielsen; Subrata Saha. A comparative evaluation of the effects of copper and nickel on the growth of the freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio and amelioration by Pistia stratiotes. Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences 2021, 1 -12.
AMA StyleAnupam Ghosh, Anilava Kaviraj, Izabela Ewa Nielsen, Subrata Saha. A comparative evaluation of the effects of copper and nickel on the growth of the freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio and amelioration by Pistia stratiotes. Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences. 2021; ():1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnupam Ghosh; Anilava Kaviraj; Izabela Ewa Nielsen; Subrata Saha. 2021. "A comparative evaluation of the effects of copper and nickel on the growth of the freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio and amelioration by Pistia stratiotes." Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences , no. : 1-12.
This paper investigates the impact of the subsidy and horizontal strategic cooperation on a green supply chain where two competing manufacturers distribute substitutable green products through exclusive retailers. Models are formulated in three-stage game structures in five different scenarios, where the government organization determines optimal subsidy by pursuing social welfare maximization. Both manufacturers invest in improving green quality levels of products. The study aims to explore the advantage of vertical integration and strategic collusion from the perspective of green supply chain practice in the presence of subsidy. The key contributions from the present study indicate that under competition, members of both supply chains are able to receive higher profits through horizontal collusion, but green quality levels of the product remain suboptimal. If upstream manufacturers cooperate, government subsidy does not necessarily improve product quality level, and the amount of government expenditure increased substantially. By comparing outcomes where members are vertically integrated with scenarios where members make strategic collusion, we found that the former might outperform by later. Cross-price sensitivity appears as a significant parameter affecting supply chain members’ performance and the amount of government expenditure. Cooperation between members at the horizontal level is a more robust strategic measure than vertical integration if consumers are highly price-sensitive.
Subrata Saha; Izabela Nielsen; Shib Sankar Sana. Effect of Optimal Subsidy Rate and Strategic Behaviour of Supply Chain Members under Competition on Green Product Retailing. Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021, 2021, 1 -23.
AMA StyleSubrata Saha, Izabela Nielsen, Shib Sankar Sana. Effect of Optimal Subsidy Rate and Strategic Behaviour of Supply Chain Members under Competition on Green Product Retailing. Mathematical Problems in Engineering. 2021; 2021 ():1-23.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSubrata Saha; Izabela Nielsen; Shib Sankar Sana. 2021. "Effect of Optimal Subsidy Rate and Strategic Behaviour of Supply Chain Members under Competition on Green Product Retailing." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021, no. : 1-23.
This study explores the pricing decisions of substitutable products for two competing supply chains in the presence of an online channel. Each supply chain consisting of a single manufacturer and an exclusive retailer and one of the manufacturers distributes products through the online channel. We examine optimal decisions under five scenarios to explore how the strategic cooperation between two manufacturers at the upstream horizontal level or with the retailer at the vertical level affects product pricing decisions and the performance of two supply chains? The results reveal that decisions for cooperation with competing manufacturers and opening an online channel are correlated. In the absence of an online channel, cooperation with their respective retailer can lead to a higher supply chain profit. However, if a manufacturer opens an online channel, then cooperation with competing manufacturers can lead to a higher supply chain profit. Under the vertical integration, total supply chain profit might be lower compared to a scenario where members in each supply chain remain independent. Consumers also need to pay more for products.
Subrata Saha; Izabela Nielsen. Strategic Integration Decision under Supply Chain Competition in the Presence of Online Channel. Symmetry 2020, 13, 58 .
AMA StyleSubrata Saha, Izabela Nielsen. Strategic Integration Decision under Supply Chain Competition in the Presence of Online Channel. Symmetry. 2020; 13 (1):58.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSubrata Saha; Izabela Nielsen. 2020. "Strategic Integration Decision under Supply Chain Competition in the Presence of Online Channel." Symmetry 13, no. 1: 58.
This study explores the optimal pricing and investment decision for two competing green supply chains, both consisting of a manufacturer and an exclusive retailer. Our focus is to explore, does the strategic integration decision with rivals at the horizontal level or with partners at the vertical level have any effect on green product types? The results reveal the following insights: retailer-retailer strategic integration at downstream level leads to a sub-optimal total supply chain profit and green quality level for a development-intensive green product. Two competing manufacturers can produce products at a higher level if they are vertically integrated with respective retailers. Manufacturer-manufacturer integration at upstream level sometimes leads to higher profits and product quality level if cross price-elasticity of consumers is high. However, an opposite phenomenon is observed while they are selling for a marginal-intensive green product, horizontal integration can improve green quality levels, but supply chain members will receive a lower profit. Therefore, selection of green product types and strategic integration decision are interrelated to achieve the profit maximization goal along with the aim to offer products at a higher green quality level. Vertical integration strategy can outperform horizontal integration strategy, especially if cross-price elastic for green products remain high.
Izabela Nielsen; Sani Majumder; Eryk Szwarc; Subrata Saha. Impact of Strategic Cooperation under Competition on Green Product Manufacturing. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10248 .
AMA StyleIzabela Nielsen, Sani Majumder, Eryk Szwarc, Subrata Saha. Impact of Strategic Cooperation under Competition on Green Product Manufacturing. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (24):10248.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIzabela Nielsen; Sani Majumder; Eryk Szwarc; Subrata Saha. 2020. "Impact of Strategic Cooperation under Competition on Green Product Manufacturing." Sustainability 12, no. 24: 10248.
The dynamic rate of investment in promotion during different price-ranges and the optimum investment in preservation technology are developed for seasonable or fashionable products through their lifespan. An order level inventory model for deteriorating items with promotional price and trapezoidal-type demand rate is used to maximize the profit of a retailer. The deterioration rate is dependent on the preservation technology i.e., more investment in preservation reduces the rate of deterioration. The aim of this study is to obtain the optimum dynamic investment for the promotion. The optimal control theory is employed to obtain the dynamic investment rates. A modified flower pollination Algorithm is applied to find the optimal pricing scheme, preservation technology investment, and replenishment schedule. An illustrated algorithm based numerical experiment is conducted to validate the dynamic behaviour of the investment. Sensitivity analysis has been carried out with respect to the major parameters to prove the novelty of the algorithm and explored the managerial insights of the proposed model. Numerical studies obtain that dynamical investment is really beneficial for the management of stocks.
Subrata Saha; Debajyoti Chatterjee; Biswajit Sarkar. The ramification of dynamic investment on the promotion and preservation technology for inventory management through a modified flower pollination algorithm. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 2020, 58, 102326 .
AMA StyleSubrata Saha, Debajyoti Chatterjee, Biswajit Sarkar. The ramification of dynamic investment on the promotion and preservation technology for inventory management through a modified flower pollination algorithm. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services. 2020; 58 ():102326.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSubrata Saha; Debajyoti Chatterjee; Biswajit Sarkar. 2020. "The ramification of dynamic investment on the promotion and preservation technology for inventory management through a modified flower pollination algorithm." Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 58, no. : 102326.
This paper develops the laden and empty container supply chain model based on three scenarios that differ with regard to tardiness in the return of empty containers and the decision process for the imposition of detention charges with the goal of determining optimal devanning times. The effectiveness of each type of policy - centralized versus decentralized - is determined through computational experiments that produce key performance measures including the on-time return ratio. Useful managerial insights on the implementation of these polices are derived from the results of sensitivity analyses.
Yoonjea Jeong; Subrata Saha; Ilkyeong Moon. Optimal devanning time and detention charges for container supply chains. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 2020, 143, 102055 .
AMA StyleYoonjea Jeong, Subrata Saha, Ilkyeong Moon. Optimal devanning time and detention charges for container supply chains. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review. 2020; 143 ():102055.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoonjea Jeong; Subrata Saha; Ilkyeong Moon. 2020. "Optimal devanning time and detention charges for container supply chains." Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 143, no. : 102055.
Optimum replacement of fishmeal (FM) is a challenge for scientists to develop low-cost feed for fish. In this study five experimental feeds were formulated by replacing 0 (control), 25, 50, 75 and 100% of FM by fermented animal protein blend (FAPB). Fingerlings of Mystus vittatus (average wt. 3.27 g) reared on these feeds for 12 weeks showed a significant reduction in growth and deposition of nutrients and amino acids in muscles in 100% replacement level, but exhibited an anomalous pattern of these parameters in other replacement levels. Multi-Objective Programming based on four growth parameters (weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio) produced optimum fishmeal replacement level (OFRL) as 38.43%, while it changed to 39.67% based on the growth parameters and crude protein (CP) and 51.22% based on the growth parameters, CP and crude lipid together. OFRL for maximum deposition of essential and non-essential amino acids (EAA & NAA) was found 31.54% and 51.32% respectively. Applying structural equation modeling we found that the histidine, lysine (EAA), aspartic acid and glycine (NAA) would produce negative effects on weight gain when FAPB was used as a FM replacer. While histidine was deficient, lysine, aspartic acid and glycine deposited in excess in muscle. It is concluded from this study that FM replacement level by FAPB in the diet of M. vittatus needs to be determined by considering the influence of CP, EAA and NAA to avoid excessive deposition of some amino acids and to obtain a compromise FM based on decision-makers goal.
Ayan Samaddar; Anilava Kaviraj; Izabela Ewa Nielsen; Subrata Saha. Replacement of Fishmeal by Fermented Animal Protein Blend in the Feed of Mystus vittatus: Analysis of Optimality By Programming and Modeling. Proceedings of the Zoological Society 2020, 74, 62 -72.
AMA StyleAyan Samaddar, Anilava Kaviraj, Izabela Ewa Nielsen, Subrata Saha. Replacement of Fishmeal by Fermented Animal Protein Blend in the Feed of Mystus vittatus: Analysis of Optimality By Programming and Modeling. Proceedings of the Zoological Society. 2020; 74 (1):62-72.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAyan Samaddar; Anilava Kaviraj; Izabela Ewa Nielsen; Subrata Saha. 2020. "Replacement of Fishmeal by Fermented Animal Protein Blend in the Feed of Mystus vittatus: Analysis of Optimality By Programming and Modeling." Proceedings of the Zoological Society 74, no. 1: 62-72.
In this study, a mixed-integer programming formulation is developed for a team of homogeneous sensing agents under a bi-objective optimization framework to solve a discrete open-loop centralized multi-agent search and rescue path planning problem. The first objective represents the maximization of probability of target detection to ensure the success of mission planning and the second objective represents minimization of the cumulative path length of all the agents to ensure resource utilization and ensure adequate area coverage. A two-phase fuzzy programming technique is used to find the Pareto optimal solution. Numerical experiments are conducted with CPLEX to evaluate the effectiveness of the solution procedure with varying number of agents, and the impact of the size of a grid-based rectangular map with a sparsely distributed non-cooperative finite number of stationary targets.
Izabela Nielsen; Grzegorz Bocewicz; Subrata Saha. Multi-agent Path Planning Problem Under a Multi-objective Optimization Framework. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Data Engineering and Communication Technology 2020, 5 -14.
AMA StyleIzabela Nielsen, Grzegorz Bocewicz, Subrata Saha. Multi-agent Path Planning Problem Under a Multi-objective Optimization Framework. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Data Engineering and Communication Technology. 2020; ():5-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIzabela Nielsen; Grzegorz Bocewicz; Subrata Saha. 2020. "Multi-agent Path Planning Problem Under a Multi-objective Optimization Framework." Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Data Engineering and Communication Technology , no. : 5-14.
The most effective way to combat β-thalassemias is to prevent the birth of children with thalassemia major. Therefore, a cost-effective screening method is essential to identify β-thalassemia traits (BTT) and differentiate normal individuals from carriers. We considered five hematological parameters to formulate two separate scoring mechanisms, one for BTT detection, and another for joint determination of hemoglobin E (HbE) trait and BTT by employing decision trees, Naïve Bayes classifier, and Artificial neural network frameworks on data collected from the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. We validated both the scores on two different data sets and found 100% sensitivity of both the scores with their respective threshold values. The results revealed the specificity of the screening scores to be 79.25% and 91.74% for BTT and 58.62% and 78.03% for the joint score of HbE and BTT, respectively. A lower Youden’s index was measured for the two scores compared to some existing indices. Therefore, the proposed scores can obviate a large portion of the population from expensive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis during the screening of BTT, and joint determination of BTT and HbE, respectively, thereby saving significant resources and cost currently being utilized for screening purpose.
Reena Das; Saikat Datta; Anilava Kaviraj; Soumendra Nath Sanyal; Peter Nielsen; Izabela Nielsen; Prashant Sharma; Tanmay Sanyal; Kartick Dey; Subrata Saha. A decision support scheme for beta thalassemia and HbE carrier screening. Journal of Advanced Research 2020, 24, 183 -190.
AMA StyleReena Das, Saikat Datta, Anilava Kaviraj, Soumendra Nath Sanyal, Peter Nielsen, Izabela Nielsen, Prashant Sharma, Tanmay Sanyal, Kartick Dey, Subrata Saha. A decision support scheme for beta thalassemia and HbE carrier screening. Journal of Advanced Research. 2020; 24 ():183-190.
Chicago/Turabian StyleReena Das; Saikat Datta; Anilava Kaviraj; Soumendra Nath Sanyal; Peter Nielsen; Izabela Nielsen; Prashant Sharma; Tanmay Sanyal; Kartick Dey; Subrata Saha. 2020. "A decision support scheme for beta thalassemia and HbE carrier screening." Journal of Advanced Research 24, no. : 183-190.
Efficient human resource deployment is one of the key aspects of road traffic management for maintaining the lifelines of any metropolitan city. The problem becomes relevant when collaboration between human resources with different skills in day-to-day operations is necessary to maintain public and commercial transport, manage various social events and emergency situations, and hence reduce congestion, injuries, emissions, etc. This study proposes a two-phase fuzzy multi-objective binary programming model for optimal allocation of five different categories of human resources to minimize the overall operational cost, maximize the allocation to accident-prone road segments, minimize the number of volunteer personnel and maximize the direct contact to reduce emissions and road traffic violations, simultaneously. A binary programming model is formulated to provide an efficient individual manpower allocation schedule for multiple road segments at different shifts. A case study is proposed for model evaluation and to derive managerial implications. The proposed model can be used to draw insights into human resource allocation planning in traffic management to reduce road traffic congestion, injuries and vehicular emissions.
Soumendra Nath Sanyal; Izabela Nielsen; Subrata Saha. Multi-Objective Human Resource Allocation Approach for Sustainable Traffic Management. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 2470 .
AMA StyleSoumendra Nath Sanyal, Izabela Nielsen, Subrata Saha. Multi-Objective Human Resource Allocation Approach for Sustainable Traffic Management. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (7):2470.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSoumendra Nath Sanyal; Izabela Nielsen; Subrata Saha. 2020. "Multi-Objective Human Resource Allocation Approach for Sustainable Traffic Management." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7: 2470.
Wind farms are substantial sources of renewable energy in India; however, their spread across the country potentially present new hazards to local and migratory birds. This study explored the risk of electrocution and collision of birds with wind turbines close to eco-sensitive zones in India, including Bakkhali, a UNESCO World Heritage site. Geographic information system and remote sensing technology were used. The results indicate vulnerability of local bird species such as barn owl, Indian Scops Owl, Blue Rock Pigeon, Asian Koel, House Crow, Common Sandpiper, Common Snipe, Ruddy Shelduck, Lesser Whistling Duck, Cattle Egret, Great Egret, and Pond Herons, as well as migratory species such as Bar-headed Goose, Red-crested Pochard, and American Black Duck. Modification of wind turbine design and location were considered determinant factors to reduce risk of bird collisions.
Himika Deb; Tanmay Sanyal; Anilava Kaviraj; Subrata Saha. Hazards of wind turbines on avifauna - a preliminary appraisal within the Indian context. Journal of Threatened Taxa 2020, 12, 15414 -15425.
AMA StyleHimika Deb, Tanmay Sanyal, Anilava Kaviraj, Subrata Saha. Hazards of wind turbines on avifauna - a preliminary appraisal within the Indian context. Journal of Threatened Taxa. 2020; 12 (4):15414-15425.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHimika Deb; Tanmay Sanyal; Anilava Kaviraj; Subrata Saha. 2020. "Hazards of wind turbines on avifauna - a preliminary appraisal within the Indian context." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 4: 15414-15425.
The multi-satellite image acquisition scheduling problem is traditionally seen as a complex optimization problem containing a generic objective function that represents the priority structure of the satellite operator. However, the majority of literature neglect the collective and contemporary effect of factors associated with the operational goal in the objective function, i.e., uncertainty in cloud cover, customer priority, image quality criteria, etc. Consequently, the focus of the article is to integrate a real-time scoring approach of imaging attempts that considers these aspects. This is accomplished in a multi-satellite planning environment, through the utilization of the multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) models, Elimination and Choice Expressing Reality (ELECTRE-III) and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), and the formulation of a binary linear programming model. The two scoring approaches belong to different model classes of MCDM, respectively an outranking approach and a distance to ideal point approach, and they are compared with a naive approach. Numerical experiments are conducted to validate the models and illustrate the importance of criteria neglected in previous studies. The results demonstrate the customized behaviour allowed by MCDM methods, especially the ELECTRE-III approach.
Alex Elkjær Vasegaard; Mathieu Picard; Florent Hennart; Peter Nielsen; Subrata Saha. Multi Criteria Decision Making for the Multi-Satellite Image Acquisition Scheduling Problem. Sensors 2020, 20, 1242 .
AMA StyleAlex Elkjær Vasegaard, Mathieu Picard, Florent Hennart, Peter Nielsen, Subrata Saha. Multi Criteria Decision Making for the Multi-Satellite Image Acquisition Scheduling Problem. Sensors. 2020; 20 (5):1242.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlex Elkjær Vasegaard; Mathieu Picard; Florent Hennart; Peter Nielsen; Subrata Saha. 2020. "Multi Criteria Decision Making for the Multi-Satellite Image Acquisition Scheduling Problem." Sensors 20, no. 5: 1242.
The pros and cons of government subsidy policies in a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) setting on optimal pricing, investment decisions in improving product quality, and used product collection under social welfare (SW) optimization goal have not been examined comprehensively. This study compares the outcomes of three government policies under manufacturer-Stackelberg (MS) and retailer-Stackelberg (RS), namely (i) direct subsidy to the consumer, (ii) subsidy to the manufacturer to stimulate used product collection, and (iii) subsidy to the manufacturer to improve product quality. Results demonstrate that the greening level, used product collection, and SW are always higher under the RS game, but the rate of a subsidy granted by the government is always higher under the MS game. Profits for the CLSC members and SW are always higher if the government provides a subsidy directly to the consumer, but productivity of investment in the perspective of the manufacturer or government are less. In a second policy, the government organizations grant a subsidy to the manufacturer to stimulate used product collection, but it does not necessarily yield the desired outcome compared to others. In a third policy, the manufacturer receives a subsidy on a research and development (R&D) investment, but it yields a sub-optimal greening level. This study reveals that the outcomes of subsidy policies can bring benefit to consumers and add a degree of complication for CLSC members; government organizations need to inspect carefully among attributes, mainly product type, power of CLSC members, and investment efficiency for the manufacturer, before implementing any subsidy policies so that it can lead to an environmentally and economically viable outcome.
Izabela Ewa Nielsen; Sani Majumder; Subrata Saha. Game-Theoretic Analysis to Examine How Government Subsidy Policies Affect a Closed-Loop Supply Chain Decision. Applied Sciences 2019, 10, 145 .
AMA StyleIzabela Ewa Nielsen, Sani Majumder, Subrata Saha. Game-Theoretic Analysis to Examine How Government Subsidy Policies Affect a Closed-Loop Supply Chain Decision. Applied Sciences. 2019; 10 (1):145.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIzabela Ewa Nielsen; Sani Majumder; Subrata Saha. 2019. "Game-Theoretic Analysis to Examine How Government Subsidy Policies Affect a Closed-Loop Supply Chain Decision." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1: 145.
Subrata Saha; Sani Majumder; Izabela Ewa Nielsen. Is It a Strategic Move to Subsidized Consumers Instead of the Manufacturer? IEEE Access 2019, 7, 169807 -169824.
AMA StyleSubrata Saha, Sani Majumder, Izabela Ewa Nielsen. Is It a Strategic Move to Subsidized Consumers Instead of the Manufacturer? IEEE Access. 2019; 7 ():169807-169824.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSubrata Saha; Sani Majumder; Izabela Ewa Nielsen. 2019. "Is It a Strategic Move to Subsidized Consumers Instead of the Manufacturer?" IEEE Access 7, no. : 169807-169824.
The government organizations grant incentives to promote green product consumption, improve green product quality, boost remanufacturing activities, etc. through various policies. The objective of this study is to highlight pros and cons of two incentive policies, namely (1) incentive on manufacturer’s R&D investment and (2) direct incentive to consumer based on greening level of the product on the optimal pricing and investment decisions in improving used product return and greening level decisions in a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC). Optimal decisions are derived under manufacturer and retailer-Stackelberg games, and results are compared to explore characteristics of optimal decisions, consumer surplus, and environmental improvement under two marketing strategies of a manufacturer. It is found that the greening level and used product return rate in a CLSC are always higher under retailer-Stackelberg game. If the manufacturer sets a target for greening level, the CLSC members may receive higher profits if consumer receives incentive because of higher consumer surplus. However, environmental improvement may be lower. If the manufacturer sets a product return goal, then CLSC members may compromise with consumer surplus or environmental improvement for receiving higher profits. In the presence of direct incentive to consumers, CLSC members can trade with product at lower greening level for higher profits. Moreover, investment in improving used product return is always less compared to the investment in improving greening level.
Subrata Saha; Izabela Ewa Nielsen; Sani Majumder. Dilemma in two game structures for a closed-loop supply chain under the influence of government incentives. Journal of Industrial Engineering International 2019, 15, 291 -308.
AMA StyleSubrata Saha, Izabela Ewa Nielsen, Sani Majumder. Dilemma in two game structures for a closed-loop supply chain under the influence of government incentives. Journal of Industrial Engineering International. 2019; 15 (S1):291-308.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSubrata Saha; Izabela Ewa Nielsen; Sani Majumder. 2019. "Dilemma in two game structures for a closed-loop supply chain under the influence of government incentives." Journal of Industrial Engineering International 15, no. S1: 291-308.
Search for cost-effective, eco-friendly and sustainable plant resources as potential feedstuff to replace fishmeal in the formulation of feed for fish has been in the forefront of aquaculture researches since the last few years. In this study, experiments were conducted to evaluate if replacement of fishmeal by the fermented leaf meal of mulberry (Morus indica) was viable in the formulation of feed for carp fish Labeo rohita and catfish Heteropneustes fossilis. Four iso-proteinous, iso-lipidic and iso-energetic experimental feed were formulated by replacing 0, 25, 50 and 75% of fishmeal by the fermented mulberry leaf meal (FMLM), and both species were grown on these feeds for 8 weeks. Since the results revealed differences in response to fishmeal replacement level between parameters, we determined optimum fishmeal replacement level (OFRL) for each parameter from the polynomial curve equation. While maximum weight gain and specific growth rate and minimum feed conversion ratio was found at 30–32% OFRL for L. rohita and at 52–53% OFRL for H. fossilis, other parameters responded differently in both fish. Therefore, we applied a two-phase fuzzy goal programming technique using all parameters, which showed overall OFRL for L. rohita and H. fossilis as 30.95% and 52%, respectively. We also applied the concept of ‘decision tree’ to identify the key factor behind utilization of FMLM. It was concluded that activity of amylase and subsequent utilization of carbohydrate was the key factor in utilizing FMLM. Interestingly, H. fossilis was found more efficient in utilizing carbohydrate of FMLM than L. rohita.
Saheli Ali; Subrata Saha; Anilava Kaviraj. Fermented mulberry leaf meal as fishmeal replacer in the formulation of feed for carp Labeo rohita and catfish Heteropneustes fossilis—optimization by mathematical programming. Tropical Animal Health and Production 2019, 52, 839 -849.
AMA StyleSaheli Ali, Subrata Saha, Anilava Kaviraj. Fermented mulberry leaf meal as fishmeal replacer in the formulation of feed for carp Labeo rohita and catfish Heteropneustes fossilis—optimization by mathematical programming. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 2019; 52 (2):839-849.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaheli Ali; Subrata Saha; Anilava Kaviraj. 2019. "Fermented mulberry leaf meal as fishmeal replacer in the formulation of feed for carp Labeo rohita and catfish Heteropneustes fossilis—optimization by mathematical programming." Tropical Animal Health and Production 52, no. 2: 839-849.
The Government organizations provide incentives to the manufacturers for adopting green technologies in different ways. The objective of this study is to generate a decision support framework in perspectives of the selection and successful implementation towards environment-friendly products by comparing profits of each member, greening level, consumer surplus and environmental improvement under two different incentive policies. Twelve analytical models are formulated and analyzed by considering the impact of two game structures, single and two-period procurement decisions on the sustainability goals of supply chain members. The objectives of government's social welfare are optimized here. A comprehensive analysis reveals that the manufacturer receives higher profits and the greening level is always at higher end in two-period procurement decision under manufacturer-Stackelberg game. The greening level and profit of the retailer are maximum in single-period procurement decision under retailer-Stackelberg game. As a result, optimal preference is highly sensitive to game structure and procurement decision. When the manufacturer sets a premeditated threshold for greening level, supply chain members receive higher profits under incentive policy on per-unit product because of lower sales price, higher consumer surplus and environmental improvement compared to government incentive policy on total investment in R&D. The greening level is maximum under incentive policy on total investment in R&D that results in higher environmental improvement. Supply chain members can compromise with their sustainable goals to receive higher profits in presence of incentives.
Izabela Ewa Nielsen; Sani Majumder; Shib Sankar Sana; Subrata Saha. Comparative analysis of government incentives and game structures on single and two-period green supply chain. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 235, 1371 -1398.
AMA StyleIzabela Ewa Nielsen, Sani Majumder, Shib Sankar Sana, Subrata Saha. Comparative analysis of government incentives and game structures on single and two-period green supply chain. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 235 ():1371-1398.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIzabela Ewa Nielsen; Sani Majumder; Shib Sankar Sana; Subrata Saha. 2019. "Comparative analysis of government incentives and game structures on single and two-period green supply chain." Journal of Cleaner Production 235, no. : 1371-1398.
In many countries, the contribution of unorganized or micro-retailers to the overall economy and sustainability is a topic of increasing importance. Although these retailers are commonly dependent on the intermediaries for trading, there is scarce literature addressing the influence of intermediaries in green supply chain practice. This study explores the repercussions of a dominant intermediary in a three-echelon green supply chain under price and greening level sensitive demand in both single and two-period setting. The results demonstrates that the manufacturer is able to sell maximum amount of products and the retailer receives higher profits if an intermediary dominates the market. A dominant intermediary can urge the manufacturer to promote products with a lower greening level. In such scenario, the unit R&D investment in producing green products is less, but each participant may receive higher profits. A sequential profit-sharing mechanism is proposed from the perspective of the manufacturer that can be employed under leadership of the wholesaler. Under this mechanism, the retailer can maintain strategic inventory, each member can receive higher profits, and most importantly, the manufacturer can promote products at highest greening level to achieve sustainability goals. If consumer takes into account the GL-price ratio, then two-period procurement planning always outperforms single period optimal decision under manufacturer-Stackelberg game. The insights can assist manufacturers to create a foundation for sustainable business practices.
Izabela Ewa Nielsen; Sani Majumder; Subrata Saha. Exploring the intervention of intermediary in a green supply chain. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 233, 1525 -1544.
AMA StyleIzabela Ewa Nielsen, Sani Majumder, Subrata Saha. Exploring the intervention of intermediary in a green supply chain. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 233 ():1525-1544.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIzabela Ewa Nielsen; Sani Majumder; Subrata Saha. 2019. "Exploring the intervention of intermediary in a green supply chain." Journal of Cleaner Production 233, no. : 1525-1544.