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Adiqa Kausar Kiani
Department of Economics, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Islamabad 75300, Pakistan

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Journal article
Published: 25 August 2021 in Sustainability
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Agricultural diversification efforts towards sustainable agriculture generates environmental and economic benefits. Climate change and agricultural production are characterized by a complex cause-effect relationship. In the present study, the primary dataset is collected through an interview-based survey from 410 farmers in 3 districts located in different agro-ecological zones of Punjab, Pakistan. Detailed analysis is conducted by employing the Gaussian treatment effects approach. Results of the study show that the farmers who adopted agricultural diversification to mitigate the impact of climate change were less and insignificantly benefited e.g., on an average of RS 95,260 (US $635) per annum whereas non-adopted farmers lost their farm income on an average of RS 115,750 (US $772) per annum if they had practiced the agricultural diversification. Moreover, determinants of agricultural diversification such as demographic and institutional indicators were significant and larger effects to adopt as compared to social indicators. This study suggests that policies should be designed in the regional context particularly related to the improvement in demographic characteristics and institutional factors such as providing subsidies, training, and awareness to the farmers, particularly to those who practice agricultural diversification. These measures will help to raise the farmers’ adaptive capacity for the adoption of agricultural diversification, and it will enable them to generate tangible benefits by increasing income through adopting sustainable agricultural livelihood.

ACS Style

Adiqa Kausar Kiani; Asif Sardar; Wasim Ullah Khan; Yigang He; Abdulbaki Bilgic; Yasemin Kuslu; Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja. Role of Agricultural Diversification in Improving Resilience to Climate Change: An Empirical Analysis with Gaussian Paradigm. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9539 .

AMA Style

Adiqa Kausar Kiani, Asif Sardar, Wasim Ullah Khan, Yigang He, Abdulbaki Bilgic, Yasemin Kuslu, Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja. Role of Agricultural Diversification in Improving Resilience to Climate Change: An Empirical Analysis with Gaussian Paradigm. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (17):9539.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adiqa Kausar Kiani; Asif Sardar; Wasim Ullah Khan; Yigang He; Abdulbaki Bilgic; Yasemin Kuslu; Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja. 2021. "Role of Agricultural Diversification in Improving Resilience to Climate Change: An Empirical Analysis with Gaussian Paradigm." Sustainability 13, no. 17: 9539.

Journal article
Published: 25 August 2021 in Sustainability
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The research community of environmental economics has had a growing interest for the exploration of artificial intelligence (AI)-based systems to provide enriched efficiencies and strengthened human knacks in daily live maneuvers, business stratagems, and society evolution. In this investigation, AI-based intelligent backpropagation networks of Bayesian regularization (IBNs-BR) were exploited for the numerical treatment of mathematical models representing environmental economic systems (EESs). The governing relations of EESs were presented in the form of differential models representing their fundamental compartments or indicators for economic and environmental parameters. The reference datasets of EESs were assembled using the Adams numerical solver for different EES scenarios and were used as targets of IBNs-BR to find the approximate solutions. Comparative studies based on convergence curves on the mean square error (MSE) and absolute deviation from the reference results were used to verify the correctness of IBNs-BR for solving EESs, i.e., MSE of around 10−9 to 10−10 and absolute error close to 10−5 to 10−7. The endorsement of results was further validated through performance evaluation by means of error histogram analysis, the regression index, and the mean squared deviation-based figure of merit for each EES scenario.

ACS Style

Adiqa Kausar Kiani; Wasim Ullah Khan; Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja; Yigang He; Zulqurnain Sabir; Muhammad Shoaib. Intelligent Backpropagation Networks with Bayesian Regularization for Mathematical Models of Environmental Economic Systems. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9537 .

AMA Style

Adiqa Kausar Kiani, Wasim Ullah Khan, Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja, Yigang He, Zulqurnain Sabir, Muhammad Shoaib. Intelligent Backpropagation Networks with Bayesian Regularization for Mathematical Models of Environmental Economic Systems. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (17):9537.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adiqa Kausar Kiani; Wasim Ullah Khan; Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja; Yigang He; Zulqurnain Sabir; Muhammad Shoaib. 2021. "Intelligent Backpropagation Networks with Bayesian Regularization for Mathematical Models of Environmental Economic Systems." Sustainability 13, no. 17: 9537.