The transition from Building Information Modelling (BIM) to Heritage Building Information Modelling (H-BIM) is intended to pursue an adequate knowledge of the artefact that is to be preserved, progressively replacing the traditional methods of restoration and structural reinforcement projects with new tools for the management of both existing information and new interventions. The aim of the paper is to show the application of the H-BIM method to a stone pavement road located in the Archaeological Site of Pompeii. In detail, starting from a laser scanner-based survey, juxtaposed with coordinated points georeferenced through a total station, point clouds were handled by means of several BIM-based tools to perform the road design process, starting from the digital elevation model (DEM) and proceeding to the corridor representation. Subsequently, a visual programming application based on Python language was adopted to update the corridor information by means of the object property set. As preliminary results, a tool, complete with graphical and non-graphical information, is proposed to be used in conservation, maintenance and restoration projects.

Building information modeling (BIM) is a powerful methodological approach for designers that has revolutionized the field of architecture and construction for some years now, minimizing errors and making the entire design, construction, and management process more efficient. The first results have been so encouraging that many countries, from Europe to the United States to Asian countries, have adopted specific regulations to promote its development and use. BIM models are based on the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard, i.e., an object-based file format with a data model developed by building SMART to facilitate interoperability. Objects are characterized by properties, such as geometry, material, cost, and all related construction process information, such as scheduling or the maintenance process. The 3D modeling of these objects geometric information is parametric, in order to make the design more flexible. This research work offers an insight into the possibilities offered by different BIM-based tools for parametric modeling applied in the railway sector whereby an example of a railway section model is presented. Indeed, the focus will be on the creation of parametric objects representing railway components, as existing BIM object libraries lack them in the IFC2 × 3 standard format.

Representation and modeling using the building information modeling (BIM) methodology of civil works have become the subject of increasing attention in recent years, thanks to the potential offered by Open Infrastructure BIM (I-BIM). However, the complexity of infrastructure works, i.e., the variety of construction and technological systems, makes Open I-BIM very complex and challenging. The lack of systemic knowledge on the subject is another challenging factor. The aim of the following research work is to provide a synoptic overview of the existing scientific research, accompanied by the most recent studies in the field of computer modeling, its applications, and the main opportunities that Open I-BIM offers to the infrastructure sector. After a thorough review of 198 scientific articles published between 2013 and 2023, this study systematically presents a holistic review and critical reflection on the current status of the use of Open BIM in the infrastructure sector, with a focus on the development of the tools and methods used. The outcome of this work constitutes a systematic review of the literature with a bibliometric analysis on Open I-BIM, which is able to provide a knowledge base for identifying research trends, common problems, and the potential of developed methods.

The Infrastructure-BIM is constantly growing in all the main European countries. The focus of this research is the digital twin creation of the Ogliastro-Sapri High-Speed rail in Italy. The entire project was carried out using Bentley Systems® BIM-based tools such as OpenRail Concept Station and OpenRail Designer. The advantages and limitations of the methodology applied to a real railway project are highlighted. As the main result, a specific interoperable asset manager is proposed for maintenance purposes.

The integration of semantic technologies and procedural automation is redefining how infrastructure assets are modeled and managed. Yet, stone-paved roads, common in historical urban centers, remain largely unsupported by existing building information modeling (BIM) standards and tools. This paper presents an innovative, fully automated workflow that bridges this gap by combining a visual programming language (VPL) approach with an ontology-driven semantic framework. Compared to the traditional manual modeling workflow in the BIM-Authoring software Autodesk Civil 3D, which may take several hours, the proposed method generates a complete 3D BIM model by fully automating several modeling operations via a Dynamo graph that takes very short computational times. To achieve this, we developed a parametric modeling pipeline that, based on structured input data, can rapidly generate high-fidelity 3D models of stone-paved roads. To overcome semantic limitations in the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) schema, we introduce the IFC for stone-paved roads (IFC-SPRO) ontology, designed to enrich geometric models with machine-readable knowledge about modular pavement typologies and maintenance strategies. By converting IFC data into resource description framework (RDF) format and querying it via SPARQL and AI-driven interfaces, the model supports advanced information retrieval for asset management and heritage conservation. The proposed approach not only enhances interoperability and reduces modeling time dramatically but also establishes a scalable foundation for integrating historical road infrastructure into modern digital workflows. Received: 14 April 2025 | Revised: 10 September 2025 | Accepted: 25 September 2025 Conflicts of Interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work. Data Availability Statement Data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Author Contribution Statement Mattia Intignano: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Formal analysis, Resources, Writing – original draft,Writing – review & editing, Visualization. Salvatore Antonio Biancardo: Conceptualization, Validation, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition. Sara Guerra de Oliveira: Conceptualization, Validation, Resources, Writing – review & editing,Visualization. Andrej Tibaut: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Resources, Data curation, Writing – review & editing, Supervision. Gianluca Dell'Acqua: Conceptualization, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing – review & editing, Supervision, Project administration.