Cryotherapy as a measurement of sports recovery and treatment has been utilized by more and more athletes and coaches. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different temperature cryotherapies on leg extension performance. Thirty-one male participants from a University volunteered to join two different temperature cryotherapies. The peak power and peak force of right leg extension performance of each participant was measured by Keiser, before and after cryotherapy, respectively. The results of this study show that there was a significant difference in peak power (t = −3.203, p value = 0.003) and peak force (t = −4.662, p value = 0) before and after 0 °C cryotherapy. In addition, there was a significant difference in peak force (t = −4.36, p value = 0) before and after −5 °C cryotherapy. Besides, the changing rates of peak power (3.03%) and peak force (11.51%) in the 0 °C group were higher than those of peak power (2.80%), as well as peak force (7.45%), in the −5 °C group. The PF in the 0 °C and −5 °C groups both significantly increased after cryotherapy. Peak power significantly increased after 0 °C cryotherapy, but did not significantly increase after −5 °C cryotherapy. The changing rates of peak power and peak force in the 0 °C group were both higher than the −5 °C group. A short period of cold treatment at 0 °C may increase the leg extension ability. A 0 °C cold therapy for a short period of time is more suitable than a −5 °C one for athletes to recover during the interval within a competition. Athlete and coach could choose an appropriate temperature to help increase performance of physical level and recovery.

Background Lower limb injuries commonly occur during sudden deceleration movements. Instructing landing with forefoot or rearfoot is hard to answer, especially considering the injury prevention and keep the performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the forefoot and rearfoot landing on the biomechanical risk of lower limb injury prevention and performance during the stop-jumping task. Method Twenty-three male health subjects were recruited for this study. During a stop-jumping task, three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic, and performance data were collected under two conditions: forefoot landing at initial ground contact and rearfoot landing at initial ground contact. Statistical parametric mapping analysis was used to compare the differences between different landing strategies. Result Significant differences were found in ankle internal rotation angle and ankle joint moment at foot initial contact with ground between different landing strategies. Landing with forefoot has shorter stance time compared with landing with rearfoot. In the rearfoot strike, posterior ground reaction force (GRF) and GRF inclination angle were smaller than forefoot strike in 0-14% of the stance phase. Conclusion Landing with forefoot may decrease the risk of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries and have an advancement in quick reaction time, as indicated by decreased stance time, but the risk of lateral ankle sprain may increase for the stop-jump task.

Objective: This study systematically evaluated the effects of insole interventions on peak plantar pressure (PP) redistribution across different foot zones during walking, and preliminarily identified potential compensatory patterns. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we searched seven databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP) from inception through March 15, 2026. Results: Of 4603 articles identified, 16 studies were included. Methodological quality was generally good (56.3% grade A, 43.7% grade B). Meta-analysis showed that insole intervention significantly reduced PP in the forefoot (MD = −30.47, 95% CI [−48.34, −12.61]) and rearfoot (MD = −31.88, 95% CI [−59.06, −4.69]), while significantly increasing PP in the midfoot (MD = 33.96, 95% CI [13.85, 54.07]). The pooled estimate for all three regions indicated a general downward trend in PP (MD = −27.39, 95% CI [−43.59, −11.19]). Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the main findings. Conclusion: During walking, insoles primarily induce regional redistribution of plantar pressure rather than uniform pressure reduction. The typical pattern involves decreased peak pressure in the forefoot and rearfoot with increased peak pressure in the midfoot, yielding an overall downward trend. Current evidence supports a consistent load redistribution effect of insoles during walking. However, given the high heterogeneity among included studies, further high-quality research is warranted to verify the effect magnitude and identify the appropriate target population.