Urban historic parks face the dual challenge of achieving the living preservation of historic buildings while enhancing contemporary visitor satisfaction. In the context of accelerating urbanization and growing demand for immersive cultural experiences, it is increasingly important to conserve historical and cultural values while maintaining relevance and emotional engagement. This study adopts a mixed-methods approach to develop a predictive model for visitor satisfaction within the framework of living preservation, using Yingzhou West Lake in Fuyang City, Anhui Province, as a representative case. Qualitative methods were employed to identify key landscape narrative dimensions, while quantitative data from structured questionnaires highlighted critical experiential elements such as environmental restoration perception, flow experience, and cultural identity. Three machine-learning algorithms—random forest, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and XGBoost—were applied, with the most accurate model used to analyze the relative contribution of each component to visitor satisfaction. The findings revealed that immersive experiential elements play a central role in shaping satisfaction, while physical and cultural elements, particularly historic buildings and their contextual integration, provide essential structural and emotional support. This study offers data-driven insights for the adaptive reuse and interpretive activation of historic architecture, proposing practical strategies to harmonize cultural continuity with visitor engagement in the sustainable management of urban historic parks.

This study is grounded in the global agenda of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), emphasizing the critical role of historic cultural heritage buildings in fostering cultural continuity and long-term engagement. Centered on the living conservation of architectural heritage, the research explores how immersive and embodied interactions shape visitor loyalty. Structural equation modeling (SEM) demonstrates that environmental restoration and flow experience significantly mediate the relationship between embodied experience and loyalty, while cultural identity further strengthens these pathways. To complement the explanatory analysis, deep learning methods were employed, with the multilayer perceptron (MLP) outperforming the gated recurrent unit (GRU) in terms of predictive accuracy. SHAP analysis revealed that technological mediation and physical interaction are the strongest predictors of loyalty, followed by sensory immersion. By integrating explanatory and predictive perspectives, the study refines the embodied experience framework and offers both theoretical insights and practical guidance for the design and conservation of historic cultural heritage buildings. Ultimately, the findings highlight that embodied experience-driven living heritage conservation not only sustains cultural identity but also makes a meaningful contribution to the realization of global sustainable development.

Urban areas attract population influx due to central economic, social, and technological growth. However, living in the city comes with an undesirable cost due to the scarcity of land area. People are forced to live in smaller housing without personal open space and lawns. Future urban population will opt for small living spaces and indirectly increase the need for public open spaces. Unfortunately, the Covid 19 pandemic outbreaks in 2020 have forced the urban community to be confined to their own home later negatively impacting the urban population's physical and mental health. This research aims to identify the possible long-term transformative impact of the covid 19 pandemic from the space and user context. Two types of approaches were adopted by the research, the Systematic Literature Review using the PRISMA method, and the questionnaire survey analysed using SPSS. The findings from SLR are coded and categorised into three themes: transformative impact on user behaviour and perception, the planning and design of space, and the Social-Political impact. Next, the survey was developed based on the themes of transformative impact. One of the most important conclusions is that the urban public space provision and accessibility vary according to the socioeconomic background of the community. By understanding the possible transformative impact of pandemics on urban public space, better policy and guidelines for planning and managing the public space can be made where the urban public space can be fully utilised, functional safely and conveniently and accessible for all in the post-pandemic era.

The efficiency and effectiveness of public bus services are essential for fostering sustainable urban transportation. In Malaysia, despite widespread concerns about lengthy commutes, congestion-related stress, and high traffic fatality rates, private vehicles remain the dominant mode of transport, even among university students. This examines university students' perceptions of public bus service efficiency and effectiveness, aiming to identify areas for improvement to increase public transport usage. A mixed-method approach was adopted to provide a comprehensive analysis of users’ experiences and perceptions. Findings indicate that economic factors significantly influence ridership rates, particularly among young adults who often face financial constraints. At the same time, this demographic is highly mobile, relying on transportation for social, educational, and physical activities. Furthermore, satisfaction with service quality emerges as a critical determinant of public bus loyalty. To enhance efficiency and increase ridership, the study recommends addressing the multifaceted factors influencing public bus service use through a comprehensive strategy. Future research should delve into socioeconomic analyses to better understand these dynamics.

The paper aims to discuss the role of architects in the evolution of three main formal administrative architectures in Malaysia. All these three chosen case studies housed the main seat of the government of the era. The main concern is to outline the evolution of the administrative architecture in Malaysia through understanding the factors that may influence the production of these national buildings. A case study approach as defined by Yin (2011) was applied by using interpretivist approach in order to understand the factors that may have influenced the design of these prominent administrative architecture in Malaysia. The research shows there is a significant tie between the architect as part of the decision-maker and the design of the administrative building, making the selection of the architects for the purpose of building an important national architecture very important. To date, the research on the administration building in Malaysia focuses on design aspects, and none discussed the relationship between the administrative buildings with the architects’ background with reference to societal conditions. The research is of value for clients as patrons of national projects to understand the syntax of ‘administrative architecture’ as these buildings are deemed as meaningful national symbols.

Involuntary migration is the coerced movement of people to a place away from their home of origin. Refugees are protected under international law, and they cross international borders to escape the risk of serious harm in their origin countries (UNHCR, 2019). At the end of 2018, approximately 25 million refugees had crossed international borders. However, there is another type of migrants that is not well defined nor protected by international law, which is the undocumented migrants. UNHCR has reported that refugees and undocumented migrants tend to flee to the nearest neighbouring countries, which are usually low and middle-income countries, rather than first world countries. This paper attempts to examine the effects of involuntary migration on the locals by investigating the widespread impacts that have occurred globally and reflect the situation to South-East Asian countries. A systematic review approach based on the PRISMA Statement was applied in this study. The Web of Science and Scopus scientific databases have identified 34 related studies on the effects of involuntary migrations. Six (6) categories of impacts have been identified, which include i) employment impact, ii) physical and environmental impact, iii) economic impact, iv) social and demographic impacts, v) facilities, welfare and educational impact and lastly vi) safety and security impacts. Reviewing the implications of involuntary migration can be a significant step forward for policymakers to improve their understanding of the issues, opportunity, and challenges faced by host countries in managing its people and resources. Underdeveloped and developing countries in the South-East Asian Region, including Malaysia, can plan to respond and address refugee influx in effective and efficient ways through proper resource planning and regulating legal and administrative framework.   Keywords: involuntary migration, refugee, undocumented migrants, migration impacts, host country, systematic literature review, SLR