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Considering that electronic wastes (e-wastes) have been recently recognized as a potent environmental and human threat, the present study aimed to assess the potential risk of personal computer motherboards (PCMBs) leaching into aquatic media, following a real-life scenario. Specifically, PCMBs were submerged for 30 days in both distilled water (DW) and artificial seawater (ASW). Afterwards, PCMBs leachates were chemically characterized (i.e., total organic carbon, ions, and trace elements) and finally used (a) for culturing freshwater (Chlorococcum sp. and Scenedesmus rubescens) and saltwater (Dunaliella tertiolecta and Tisochrysis lutea) microalgae for 10 days (240 h), (b) as the exposure medium for mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (96 h exposure), and (c) for performing the Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus (CBMN) assay in human lymphocytes cultures. According to the results, PCMBs could mediate both fresh- and marine algae growth rates over time, thus enhancing the cytotoxic, oxidative, and genotoxic effects in the hemocytes of mussels (in terms of lysosomal membrane impairment, lipid peroxidation, and NO content and micronuclei formation, respectively), as well as human lymphocytes (in terms of MN formation and CBPI values, respectively). The current findings clearly revealed that PCMBs leaching into the aquatic media could pose detrimental effects on both aquatic organisms and human cells.
Georgios Kalamaras; Maria Kloukinioti; Maria Antonopoulou; Ioanna Ntaikou; Dimitris Vlastos; Antonios Eleftherianos; Stefanos Dailianis. The Potential Risk of Electronic Waste Disposal into Aquatic Media: The Case of Personal Computer Motherboards. Toxics 2021, 9, 166 .
AMA StyleGeorgios Kalamaras, Maria Kloukinioti, Maria Antonopoulou, Ioanna Ntaikou, Dimitris Vlastos, Antonios Eleftherianos, Stefanos Dailianis. The Potential Risk of Electronic Waste Disposal into Aquatic Media: The Case of Personal Computer Motherboards. Toxics. 2021; 9 (7):166.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeorgios Kalamaras; Maria Kloukinioti; Maria Antonopoulou; Ioanna Ntaikou; Dimitris Vlastos; Antonios Eleftherianos; Stefanos Dailianis. 2021. "The Potential Risk of Electronic Waste Disposal into Aquatic Media: The Case of Personal Computer Motherboards." Toxics 9, no. 7: 166.
Tramadol (TRA) is a widely used human pharmaceutical and a well-established emerging pollutant and its potential genotoxic and cytotoxic effects on humans as well as its fate in aqueous systems demand full investigation. The present study is a multidisciplinary approach and provides important insights on the potential risks of Tramadol on humans accompanied by its photolytic transformation under simulated solar irradiation. The present study revealed that Tramadol can induce genotoxic and cytotoxic effects under the specific experimental conditions, significantly depended on the tested concentration. In addition, the photolytic transformation of Tramadol was investigated in detail under simulated solar irradiation in two different water matrices: ultrapure water (UW) and treated wastewater (WW). Differences in the degradation rates were observed between UW and WW, being slower in WW. The results showed that more than 70% of Tramadol was removed after 240 min in UW ([TRA] = 10 mg L−1, I = 500 W m−2). After this period, TOC removal was found to be about 40%. Transformation of N atoms into NO3− and NH4+ followed a similar trend reaching up to 38% release. Τramadol degraded mainly by HO radicals and 1O2 through a self-sensitizing process while direct photolysis was also significant. Hydroxylation, demethylation and N-oxidation of the parent compound were found to be the main degradation pathways confirming the important role of HO and 1O2 in the photolytic process. Toxicity measurements showed a noticeable increase of the inhibition for Vibrio fischeri at the first stages which coincide with the formation of the major TPs.
Μaria Αntonopoulou; Angeliki Thoma; Foteini Konstantinou; Dimitris Vlastos; Dimitra Hela. Assessing the human risk and the environmental fate of pharmaceutical Tramadol. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 710, 135396 .
AMA StyleΜaria Αntonopoulou, Angeliki Thoma, Foteini Konstantinou, Dimitris Vlastos, Dimitra Hela. Assessing the human risk and the environmental fate of pharmaceutical Tramadol. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 710 ():135396.
Chicago/Turabian StyleΜaria Αntonopoulou; Angeliki Thoma; Foteini Konstantinou; Dimitris Vlastos; Dimitra Hela. 2019. "Assessing the human risk and the environmental fate of pharmaceutical Tramadol." Science of The Total Environment 710, no. : 135396.
Considering the necessity to monitor rainwater quality and the limited existing data regarding wet precipitations' toxic potential, the toxic potential of rainwater (RW) samples collected in three cities of Western Greece (Corfu, Agrinion and Patras) during May, October, November, and December of 2014 were investigated. The relationship of the adverse effects obtained, against cytokinesis block micronucleus (CBMN) and Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence (Microtox) assays with the physicochemical characteristics, the heavy metal concentration levels of rainwater samples and the meteorological parameters governing the climatic conditions in each region, were studied in detail. All samples showed pH values in the range of 5.37–7.17, high concentrations of ΝΗ4+ and the presence of SO42− and NO3−. The metals Al, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sb, Cd, were detected in most of the samples, with maximum concentrations ranging from 0.16 μg L−1 (for Co) to 86.6 μg L−1 (for Fe). The CBMN assay showed statistically significant rainwater cytotoxic activity at 5% (v/v) concentration in all cities during all months studied and at 10% (v/v) in Agrinion and Corfu in May. No genotoxic effect was induced at 5% (v/v) concentration of rainwater, except for Corfu city during November, whereas 10% (v/v) of rainwater led to statistically significant increase in micronuclei frequencies in all three cities. The highest (100%) and the lowest (14%) inhibitory effect exhibited by the rainwater in the Vibrio test were noticed at Corfu city during May and December, respectively. Considering the inter-relations obtained among the abiotic and biotic variables measured in all cases, conductivity, SO42−, NH4+, and total metal burden could be related with both CBMN and Microtox assays data, regardless of the site- and month-specific differences. The multidisciplinary approach presented here showed that the physicochemical profile of rainwater precipitation could be significantly related with the induction of adverse effects on biota.
Dimitris Vlastos; Maria Antonopoulou; Alexia Lavranou; Ioanna Efthimiou; Stefanos Dailianis; Dimitra Hela; Dimitra Lambropoulou; Anastasia K. Paschalidou; Pavlos Kassomenos. Assessment of the toxic potential of rainwater precipitation: First evidence from a case study in three Greek cities. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 648, 1323 -1332.
AMA StyleDimitris Vlastos, Maria Antonopoulou, Alexia Lavranou, Ioanna Efthimiou, Stefanos Dailianis, Dimitra Hela, Dimitra Lambropoulou, Anastasia K. Paschalidou, Pavlos Kassomenos. Assessment of the toxic potential of rainwater precipitation: First evidence from a case study in three Greek cities. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 648 ():1323-1332.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDimitris Vlastos; Maria Antonopoulou; Alexia Lavranou; Ioanna Efthimiou; Stefanos Dailianis; Dimitra Hela; Dimitra Lambropoulou; Anastasia K. Paschalidou; Pavlos Kassomenos. 2018. "Assessment of the toxic potential of rainwater precipitation: First evidence from a case study in three Greek cities." Science of The Total Environment 648, no. : 1323-1332.