The trends of sustainable development and green agenda transform the production processes, leading industries, and regional markets, and reveal objective contradictions in ensuring the ecological safety of certain territories. This study aims to develop a methodology and assess ecological safety at aggregated system levels, taking into account natural and socioeconomic factors as well as the factor of human capital development with specification of the place of ecological safety in the concept of sustainable development. The objects of empirical research are the EAEU and CIS countries for the period 2010–2019, as well as 85 Russian regions. The scientific research toolkit is based on the methods of structural-logical, economical-statistical, and comparative analyses, and expert judgments. The concepts of sustainable development and human capital and the theory of the national school of ecological safety are analyzed using the systematic approach. The mixed methodological approach showed the interconnection of four approaches of assessing ecological safety (technogenic, environmental, institutional, resource-based). The authors developed a method for assessing ecological safety taking into account the contribution of human capital. The assessment results are typologized and grouped according to the dynamic trend. For the majority of the considered countries, changes in the level of ecological safety correlate with changes in socioeconomic indicators. The same trend is observed when considering the Russian regional formations. The contribution of human capital was recorded to a lesser extent. For several regions, the increased number of objects polluting the environment is accompanied by a decreased volume of polluting emissions into the atmosphere.

The relevance of the study is due to the need to generalize research in the field of human capital development as a factor of economic growth and identify the causes of weak influence on economic growth. The analyzed theoretical and empirical work in this area allowed us to systematize the concept of human capital and its impact on economic growth. The reasons for the lack of an unambiguous relationship between the value of human capital and wages are revealed. In the context of human capital reproduction the role of financial security of human capital is considered on the basis of the analysis of researches on financial security. Threats of financial safety of the person in aspect of formation of the human capital are systematized. The empirical analysis of the level of threats to financial security is carried out. The problem of methodological and empirical problems of income differentiation and poverty is considered. The results of the study led to the conclusion about possible solutions to the identified problems that limit the development of human capital primarily at the state level.