Conducting polymer hydrogels have been extensively explored toward diverse applications like bioelectronics and soft robotics. However, the fabrication resolution of conducting polymer hydrogels by typical techniques, including ink‐jet printing, 3D‐printing, etc., has been generally limited to >10 µm, significantly restricting rapid innovations and broad applications of conducting polymer hydrogels. To address this issue, a photosensitive biphasic conducting polymer hydrogel (PB‐CH) is rationally designed and synthesized, comprising poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as the conductive phase and a light‐sensitive matrix as the mechanical phase. The formation of phase‐separated structures within PB‐CH preserves the integrity of the conductive channels during the photoinitiated cross‐linking. This minimizes the conductivity loss, a common limitation in similar materials. Remarkably, the resultant PB‐CH exhibits a combination of excellent electrical conductivity (≈30 S cm⁻¹), robust mechanical performance (tensile strain up to 50%), and high photopatternability. A detailed investigation of the photolithography process identifies key technological parameters that enable high‐resolution patterning of 5 µm. By simultaneously maintaining processability, conductivity, and mechanical flexibility, this PB‐CH represents an ideal candidate for advanced flexible electronic applications, offering a new technique to fabricating high‐performance conducting polymer hydrogels.

Piezoelectric nanogenerators with excellent electromechanical coupling effects are in great demand for self-powered Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices. In this work, a novel solid–liquid nanocomposite-based piezoelectric nanogenerator (SL-PENG) with unprecedented properties was developed by employing 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (FDTS) droplets as liquid fillers. Through the combination of solvent selection and solvent evaporation protocols, highly deformable FDTS nanodroplets with a controllable droplet size were uniformly distributed in a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix, thereby improving the toughness of the polymer matrix. FDTS nanodroplets form strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds with PVDF chains to promote the transformation of α-phase to polar β-phase, while stabilizing the liquid phase that prevents FDTS nanodroplets from fracture and exudation to a polymer network. The synergistic contribution of the β-phase content and stress transfer ability significantly improves the output performance of SL-PENG, which is proved by the experimental results and COMSOL simulation. Remarkably, this SL-PENG generates a maximum peak-to-peak voltage and current as high as 62 V and 3.2 μA, respectively, corresponding to a power density of 35 μW cm⁻², which demonstrates remarkable superiority to other PENGs. Moreover, this SL-PENG is demonstrated as part of a monitoring device for the wireless sensor network, realizing the detection and response of physiological signals, and showing broad potential application prospects in the field of IoT.

Self-polarized piezoelectric devices have attracted significant interest owing to their fabrication processes with low energy consumption. Herein, novel poling-free piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) based on self-polarized polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) induced by the incorporation of different surface-modified barium titanate nanoparticles (BTO NPs) were prepared via a fully printing process. To reveal the effect of intermolecular interactions between PVDF and NP surface groups, BTO NPs were modified with hydrophilic polydopamine (PDA) and hydrophobic 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFDTES) to yield PDA-BTO and PFD-BTO, respectively. This study demonstrates that the stronger hydrogen bonding interactions existed in PFD-BTO/PVDF composite film comparative to the PDA-BTO/PVDF composite film induced the higher β-phase formation (90%), which was evidenced by the XRD, FTIR and DSC results, as well as led to a better dispersion of NPs and improved mechanical properties of composite films. Consequently, PFD-BTO/PVDF-based PENGs without electric poling exhibited a significantly improved output voltage of 5.9 V and power density of 102 μW cm⁻³, which was 1.8 and 2.9 times higher than that of PDA-BTO/PVDF-based PENGs, respectively. This study provides a promising approach for advancing the search for high-performance, self-polarized PENGs in next-generation electric and electronic industries.

Piezoelectric energy harvesters are appealing for the improvement of wearable electronics, owing to their excellent mechanical and electrical properties. Herein, screen-printed piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) are developed from triethoxy(octyl)silane-coated barium titanate/polyvinylidene fluoride (TOS-BTO/PVDF) nanocomposites with excellent performance based on the important link between material, structure, and performance. In order to minimize the effect of nanofiller agglomeration, TOS-coated BTO nanoparticles are anchored onto PVDF. Thus, composites with well-distributed TOS-BTO nanoparticles exhibit fewer defects, resulting in reduced charge annihilation during charge transfer from inorganic nanoparticles to the polymer. Consequently, the screen-printed TOS-BTO/PVDF PENG exhibits a significantly enhanced output voltage of 20 V, even after 7500 cycles, and a higher power density of 15.6 μW cm⁻², which is 200 and 150% higher than those of pristine BTO/PVDF PENGs, respectively. The increased performance of TOS-BTO/PVDF PENGs is due to the enhanced compatibility between nanofillers and polymers and the resulting improvement in dielectric response. Furthermore, as-printed devices could actively adapt to human movements and displayed excellent detection capability. The screen-printed process offers excellent potential for developing flexible and high-performance piezoelectric devices in a cost-effective and sustainable way.

The realization of optimal performance in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)‐based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) is fundamentally linked to the enhancement of the β‐phase content of PVDF (β‐PVDF), which is crucial for improving dielectric properties and surface charge density. Among various strategies, the incorporation of semiconducting perovskite nanofillers has been particularly effective in achieving the desired β‐PVDF phase for TENG applications. Herein, PVDF dielectric films are embedded with polymorphic formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI₃) perovskite nanofillers and fabricated using a cost‐effective 3D direct‐ink writing setup. The phase transformation of FAPbI₃ nanofillers within the PVDF matrix, in response to varying annealing temperatures, resulted in the formation of PVDF‐FAPbI₃(δ) and PVDF‐FAPbI₃(α) composite films, each exhibiting distinct morphology and dielectric characteristics. The incorporation of δ‐FAPbI₃ nanofillers rendered the composite film porous and increased the β‐PVDF content from ≈45% to ≈83%. By converting the δ‐FAPbI₃ into the α‐FAPbI₃ through post‐annealing, the composite film transitioned into a mesoporous structure with enhanced tribo‐positive properties. This modification substantially improved the output performance of the TENG, achieving a peak‐to‐peak voltage (V_p‐p) of 392 Vand a power density of 2587 µW cm⁻². This work highlights the significant impact of perovskite polymorphism on the performance of TENG devices.