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The purpose of this study, which contains historical data recorded over a period of 40 years, was to identify the main factors that influence and control the level of wood mass production. The main reason was to optimize the management of forest areas and was driven by the necessity to identify factors that can influence most of the volume produced by coniferous forests located in southeast Europe. The data was collected between1980 and 2005 at the National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry, for forests located in the Southern Carpathians, Romania. The studied data refer to the parameters that model forest structure for spruce, fir, pine, and larch. These are the main resinous species found in the Southern Carpathians. The total area covered by these forests is 143,431 ha. At the forest species level, the analysis consists of 16,162 records (corresponding to the elements of the trees), covering an area of 45,008 ha for fir, 4711 ha for larch, 81,995 ha for spruce, and 11,717 ha for pine. The aim of this research has been to investigate and to assess the impact and magnitude of abiotic factors such as altitude and field aspect on forest structures from the main resinous stands located in the Southern Carpathians. Taking into account the size of the database as well as the duration for collecting data, a complete statistical and systematic approach was considered optimum. This resulted from our wish to emphasize and evaluate the influence of each analysed factor on the wood mass production level. The relationship between abiotic factors and forest structure has been analysed by using a systematic statistical approach in order to provide a useful theoretical reference for the improvement of forest management practices in the context of multiple climatic, environmental, and socio-economic challenges. These common characteristics have been found by applying ANOVA and multivariate statistical methods such as PCA and FA methods. A series of parameters were considered in this investigation, namely altitude (ALT), forest site type (TS), forest type (TP), consistency (CONS) etc. In order to obtain a complete image, we have also applied multivariate analysis methods that emphasize the effect size for each database parameter. At such a level of recorded data, the statistical approach ensures a factor level of p <0.001 while the accuracy in evaluating effect size is increased. As such, they influence the spreading and structure of the studied resinous stands to a higher degree, regardless of species.
Gabriel Murariu; Lucian Dinca; Nicu Tudose; Vlad Crisan; Lucian Georgescu; Dan Munteanu; Mihai Dragu; Bogdan Rosu; George Mocanu. Structural Characteristics of the Main Resinous Stands from Southern Carpathians, Romania. Forests 2021, 12, 1029 .
AMA StyleGabriel Murariu, Lucian Dinca, Nicu Tudose, Vlad Crisan, Lucian Georgescu, Dan Munteanu, Mihai Dragu, Bogdan Rosu, George Mocanu. Structural Characteristics of the Main Resinous Stands from Southern Carpathians, Romania. Forests. 2021; 12 (8):1029.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGabriel Murariu; Lucian Dinca; Nicu Tudose; Vlad Crisan; Lucian Georgescu; Dan Munteanu; Mihai Dragu; Bogdan Rosu; George Mocanu. 2021. "Structural Characteristics of the Main Resinous Stands from Southern Carpathians, Romania." Forests 12, no. 8: 1029.
The paper identifies the perceptions of first-year undergraduate students from the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports in Galati on online teaching activities, dominant and needful in the current pandemic context. The questionnaire used contains 23 items and was structured based on four distinctive factors, namely attractiveness, accessibility, motivation and efficiency; it was applied after the winter session of the academic year 2020–2021. The values of the internal consistency coefficient Cronbach’s alpha indicate for the four mentioned factors a high fidelity for the measurements of the investigated features. The results of the 147 completed questionnaires allowed the definition of the independent variables sex (boys and girls) and environment of origin (rural and urban) the identification of their influence on the scores of each item (dependent variables) by using the statistical technique MANOVA (multivariate and univariate analysis), besides the values of F and the corresponding significance thresholds; the magnitude of the effect, expressed by partial eta squared (η2p), was also calculated. Even if the averages of item scores differ between sexes and backgrounds, the differences noted are in few cases significant: attractiveness and socialization for those in urban areas; participation in activities and effective involvement for girls; technical deficiencies, platform logging and weak computer skills for those in rural areas; and an increase in free time for girls and students in urban areas. The study undertaken allows the identification of the favorable aspects and the shortcomings of online teaching activities, these being the premises for optimizing the teaching process in the following stages.
George Mocanu; Gabriel Murariu; Lucian Georgescu; Ion Sandu. Investigating the Attitudes of First-Year Students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports of Galati towards Online Teaching Activities during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 6328 .
AMA StyleGeorge Mocanu, Gabriel Murariu, Lucian Georgescu, Ion Sandu. Investigating the Attitudes of First-Year Students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports of Galati towards Online Teaching Activities during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (14):6328.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeorge Mocanu; Gabriel Murariu; Lucian Georgescu; Ion Sandu. 2021. "Investigating the Attitudes of First-Year Students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports of Galati towards Online Teaching Activities during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14: 6328.
Currently, there are many different interpretations in the literature of what a circular economy is and how it functions. As cities are still facing challenges to become fully sustainable, the need for a comprehensive analysis of how the circular economy can be implemented in urban areas is increasing. This article aims at outlining circular cities by their key characteristics and to further explore and provide a framework for fostering circularity at the city level. In order to achieve this goal, we performed a systematic review and analyzed key papers published in the field of circular economy to determine how circular economy practices form circular cities. We discovered that cities play a focal role in facilitating the transition towards circularity through the closing of the loops, recirculation, technical innovation, policy elaboration and citizens’ support. However, city policymakers are still uncertain about how a circular city looks like and what its purpose is, as views are ranging from a strategic ambition to a niche concept of a smart city. Such uncertainty brings challenges, especially in the transition phase that many cities are in at the moment. This further implies that circular economy applied at the urban level still needs effort and innovation to successfully pass the transition phase from the linear economy. Therefore, lastly, we developed a framework model that can be adapted in other cities to facilitate their transition to circular cities.
Elena Lakatos; Geng Yong; Andrea Szilagyi; Dan Clinci; Lucian Georgescu; Catalina Iticescu; Lucian-Ionel Cioca. Conceptualizing Core Aspects on Circular Economy in Cities. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7549 .
AMA StyleElena Lakatos, Geng Yong, Andrea Szilagyi, Dan Clinci, Lucian Georgescu, Catalina Iticescu, Lucian-Ionel Cioca. Conceptualizing Core Aspects on Circular Economy in Cities. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):7549.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElena Lakatos; Geng Yong; Andrea Szilagyi; Dan Clinci; Lucian Georgescu; Catalina Iticescu; Lucian-Ionel Cioca. 2021. "Conceptualizing Core Aspects on Circular Economy in Cities." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 7549.
It is a well–known fact that heavy metal pollution in sediments causes serious problems not only in the Danube basin, but also in the large and small adjacent river streams. A suitable method for assessing the level of heavy metals and their toxicity in sediments is the calculation of pollution indices. The present research aims to assess heavy metal pollution in the Lower Danube surface sediments collected along the Danube course (between 180 and 60 km) up to the point where the Danube River flows into the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve (a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization—UNESCO, protected area). In addition, this monitored area is one of the largest European hydrographic basins. Five heavy metals (Cd, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cu) were analyzed in two different seasons, i.e., the autumn of 2018 and the spring of 2019, using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP– MS) technique. Our assessment of heavy metal pollution revealed two correlated aspects: 1. a determination of the potential risks of heavy metals in sediments by calculating the Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI), and 2. an evaluation of the influence of anthropogenic activities on the level of heavy metal contamination in the surface sediments, using three specific pollution indices, namely, the Geo–Accumulation Index (Igeo), the Contamination Factor (CF), and the Pollution Load Index (PLI). The results of this pioneering research activity in the region highlighted the presence of moderate metal (Ni and Cd) pollution and a low potential ecological risk for the aquatic environment.
Valentina Calmuc; Madalina Calmuc; Maxim Arseni; Catalina Topa; Mihaela Timofti; Adrian Burada; Catalina Iticescu; Lucian Georgescu. Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution Levels in Sediments and of Ecological Risk by Quality Indices, Applying a Case Study: The Lower Danube River, Romania. Water 2021, 13, 1801 .
AMA StyleValentina Calmuc, Madalina Calmuc, Maxim Arseni, Catalina Topa, Mihaela Timofti, Adrian Burada, Catalina Iticescu, Lucian Georgescu. Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution Levels in Sediments and of Ecological Risk by Quality Indices, Applying a Case Study: The Lower Danube River, Romania. Water. 2021; 13 (13):1801.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValentina Calmuc; Madalina Calmuc; Maxim Arseni; Catalina Topa; Mihaela Timofti; Adrian Burada; Catalina Iticescu; Lucian Georgescu. 2021. "Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution Levels in Sediments and of Ecological Risk by Quality Indices, Applying a Case Study: The Lower Danube River, Romania." Water 13, no. 13: 1801.
The use of sewage sludge in agriculture decreases the pressure on landfills. In Romania, massive investments have been made in wastewater treatment stations, which have resulted in the accumulation of important quantities of sewage sludge. The presence of these sewage sludges coincides with large areas of degraded agricultural land. The aim of the present article is to identify the best technological combinations meant to solve these problems simultaneously. Adapting the quality and parameters of the sludge to the specificity of the land solves the possible compatibility problems, thus reducing the impact on the environment. The physico-chemical characteristics of the fermented sludge were monitored and optimal solutions for their treatment were suggested so as to allow that the sludge could be used in agriculture according to the characteristics of the soils. The content of heavy metals in the sewage sludge was closely monitored because the use of sewage sludge as a fertilizer does not allow for any increases in the concentrations of these in soils. The article identifies those agricultural areas which are suitable for the use of sludge, as well as ways of correcting some parameters (e.g., pH), which allow the improvement of soil quality and obtained higher agricultural production.
Catalina Iticescu; Puiu-Lucian Georgescu; Maxim Arseni; Adrian Rosu; Mihaela Timofti; Gabriel Carp; Lucian-Ionel Cioca. Optimal Solutions for the Use of Sewage Sludge on Agricultural Lands. Water 2021, 13, 585 .
AMA StyleCatalina Iticescu, Puiu-Lucian Georgescu, Maxim Arseni, Adrian Rosu, Mihaela Timofti, Gabriel Carp, Lucian-Ionel Cioca. Optimal Solutions for the Use of Sewage Sludge on Agricultural Lands. Water. 2021; 13 (5):585.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCatalina Iticescu; Puiu-Lucian Georgescu; Maxim Arseni; Adrian Rosu; Mihaela Timofti; Gabriel Carp; Lucian-Ionel Cioca. 2021. "Optimal Solutions for the Use of Sewage Sludge on Agricultural Lands." Water 13, no. 5: 585.
This study investigates changes in pollution associated with the lockdown period caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in Galati (45.43° N, 28.03° E), a Romanian city located in the southeast of Romania. The study is focused on nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a trace gas which can be related to emissions from industrial activities, heating, and transportation. The investigation is based on in situ observations from local Air Quality Monitoring Stations (AQMS) and mobile remote sensing observations by Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) technique. We also show results of the NO2 vertical column measured by TROPOMI (TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument), a space instrument onboard of satellite mission Sentinel-5P, to complement local ground-based measurements. For in situ observations, the lockdown interval (23 March 2020–15 May 2020) was separated from normal periods. The decrease in local NO2 concentration during lockdown, measured in situ, is rather small, of about 10–40% at the most, is observed only at some stations, and is better seen during workdays than during weekends. We conclude that the decrease in NO2 content over Galati city during lockdown is relatively small and may be attributed to the reduction in local traffic, a consequence of special measures and restrictions imposed during the COVID-19 lockdown by the Romanian authorities.
Adrian Roșu; Daniel-Eduard Constantin; Mirela Voiculescu; Maxim Arseni; Bogdan Roșu; Alexis Merlaud; Michel Van Roozendael; Puiu Lucian Georgescu. Assessment of NO2 Pollution Level during the COVID-19 Lockdown in a Romanian City. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 544 .
AMA StyleAdrian Roșu, Daniel-Eduard Constantin, Mirela Voiculescu, Maxim Arseni, Bogdan Roșu, Alexis Merlaud, Michel Van Roozendael, Puiu Lucian Georgescu. Assessment of NO2 Pollution Level during the COVID-19 Lockdown in a Romanian City. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (2):544.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdrian Roșu; Daniel-Eduard Constantin; Mirela Voiculescu; Maxim Arseni; Bogdan Roșu; Alexis Merlaud; Michel Van Roozendael; Puiu Lucian Georgescu. 2021. "Assessment of NO2 Pollution Level during the COVID-19 Lockdown in a Romanian City." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2: 544.
The present work is focused on the analysis of flood scenarios for the settlements near the Danube discharge area into the Black Sea. From this perspective, the aim of the research is the development of flood extension maps for localities in the Danube Delta. The emphasis is on collecting the data and information needed for the entire analysis process, such as hydrological data on Danube flows and water levels (which were analyzed for 51 years), topo-bathymetric data (where 1685 cross sections were processed, measured on an 87-km section of the Danube), a digital terrain model (DTM), and others. Two methods of flood scenario analysis for the localities targeted were used in this paper. The first method was an analysis of the flood scenarios by modeling a real scenario, where it was supposed that a 20 m breach appeared in the dam which protects the localities and remained present for 24 h. The second method consisted of a Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis (static from a hydraulic point of view), where the maximum water level was superimposed over the DTM. This corresponded to a scenario in which the breach in the flood-control levee remains present for a longer period. The validated results show that the dynamic method is more efficient than the static method, both in terms of estimated flooded surfaces and in terms of simulation accuracy (taking into account more input parameters than the static method). Thus, from the obtained simulations it was observed that applying the dynamic method resulted in smaller flooded surfaces in the settlements analyzed than when considering the static method. In some cases, the differences between the flooded surfaces reached up to about 22%. This information is important and of general interest since it can be used in various fields of work, such as flood defense strategies, and investment promotion activities in the Danube discharge area or similar locations.
Alexandru Banescu; Maxim Arseni; Lucian Puiu Georgescu; Eugen Rusu; Catalina Iticescu. Evaluation of Different Simulation Methods for Analyzing Flood Scenarios in the Danube Delta. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 8327 .
AMA StyleAlexandru Banescu, Maxim Arseni, Lucian Puiu Georgescu, Eugen Rusu, Catalina Iticescu. Evaluation of Different Simulation Methods for Analyzing Flood Scenarios in the Danube Delta. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (23):8327.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexandru Banescu; Maxim Arseni; Lucian Puiu Georgescu; Eugen Rusu; Catalina Iticescu. 2020. "Evaluation of Different Simulation Methods for Analyzing Flood Scenarios in the Danube Delta." Applied Sciences 10, no. 23: 8327.
Water quality indices are suitable tools used for assessing water quality because of their capacity to reduce a large number of water quality indicators into one value which defines the water quality class. In this study, Water Quality Index (WQI), Water Pollution Index (WPI) and Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME-WQI) were applied in order to evaluate the seasonal and spatial variation of the water quality in the Romanian Lower Danube sector. Fourteen physico-chemical parameters, i.e., pH, DO, BOD5, COD, N-NH4+, N-NO3−, N-NO2−, N-total, P-total, SO42−, Cl−, Fe-total, Zn2+ and Cr-total, were monitored along the Danube course (on a distance of about 120 km), during the four seasons between the autumn of 2018 and the summer of 2019 in order to calculate the three indices mentioned above. Indices results showed that the water analysed was ranked into different water quality classes, although the same dataset was used. These differences were due to the contribution of each parameter taken into account in the calculation formula. Thus, the WQI scores were mostly influenced by those parameters whose maximum allowable concentration was low (e.g., heavy metals, N-NO2−), while the WPI and CCME-WQI scores were influenced by those parameters which exceeded the maximum allowable concentration (BOD5, DO, COD, N-NO3−, N-NO2−). Based on the WQI results, the water was ranked into quality classes II and III. WPI and CCME-WQI assessed water only in quality class II, with one exception in the case of CCME-WQI when water was ranked into quality class III. The temporal assessment identified the seasons in which the water quality was lower, namely summer and autumn. The variation of the indices values between the sampling stations demonstrates the existence of pollution sources in the study area. Moreover, the indices results illustrated the contribution of the main tributaries (Rivers Siret and Prut) to the Danube River water quality. The appropriate applicability of the three indices was also discussed in this study.
Madalina Calmuc; Valentina Calmuc; Maxim Arseni; Catalina Topa; Mihaela Timofti; Lucian Georgescu; Catalina Iticescu. A Comparative Approach to a Series of Physico-Chemical Quality Indices Used in Assessing Water Quality in the Lower Danube. Water 2020, 12, 3239 .
AMA StyleMadalina Calmuc, Valentina Calmuc, Maxim Arseni, Catalina Topa, Mihaela Timofti, Lucian Georgescu, Catalina Iticescu. A Comparative Approach to a Series of Physico-Chemical Quality Indices Used in Assessing Water Quality in the Lower Danube. Water. 2020; 12 (11):3239.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMadalina Calmuc; Valentina Calmuc; Maxim Arseni; Catalina Topa; Mihaela Timofti; Lucian Georgescu; Catalina Iticescu. 2020. "A Comparative Approach to a Series of Physico-Chemical Quality Indices Used in Assessing Water Quality in the Lower Danube." Water 12, no. 11: 3239.
The Siret River is one of the most important tributaries of the Danube River in the Romanian territory. With a total length of 596 km in this territory, the confluence section of the Siret River with the Danube represents an area where major floods have occurred over time. In the last 50 years, over 20 floods have been recorded in the lower area of the Siret River; and the most recent important flood, which happened in 2010, had a negative impact on the local population, the environment, and the economy. Although it is a buffer zone, the Danube River has a significant impact on the discharge rate of the Siret River. Since few studies have been conducted on the prediction of flooding in the lower area of the Siret River, the present study aims at presenting the most important steps to be taken for designing risk and hazard maps for floods, which could be further applied to other rivers. The confluence of the Siret River with the Danube, a distance of 35 km upstream, was chosen as a study area. Techniques of topographic and bathymetric measurements were combined in order to design the risk and hazard maps for floods in this area and to improve the digital terrain model of the minor riverbed for the studied river area. The 1D hydrodynamic model of the HEC-RAS software was used in this research for developing the flood risk and flood hazard maps. The hazard and risk maps were generated based on 10%, 5%, and 1% flood scenarios, which are in accordance with Floods Directive 2007/60/EC; no historical data were available for the 0.1% scenarios. Thus, in a flood scenario that can occur every 100 years, about 9500 inhabitants are vulnerable at a medium flood risk. In this scenario, over 19.5 km of road infrastructure, about 16.5 km of railways, eight cultural heritage indicators, and three environmental indicators may be affected.
Maxim Arseni; Adrian Rosu; Madalina Calmuc; Valentina Andreea Calmuc; Catalina Iticescu; Lucian Puiu Georgescu. Development of Flood Risk and Hazard Maps for the Lower Course of the Siret River, Romania. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6588 .
AMA StyleMaxim Arseni, Adrian Rosu, Madalina Calmuc, Valentina Andreea Calmuc, Catalina Iticescu, Lucian Puiu Georgescu. Development of Flood Risk and Hazard Maps for the Lower Course of the Siret River, Romania. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (16):6588.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaxim Arseni; Adrian Rosu; Madalina Calmuc; Valentina Andreea Calmuc; Catalina Iticescu; Lucian Puiu Georgescu. 2020. "Development of Flood Risk and Hazard Maps for the Lower Course of the Siret River, Romania." Sustainability 12, no. 16: 6588.
The aim of this paper is to investigate the evolution of SO2 and NOx emissions of ten very large combustion plants (LCPs >500 MW) located in the European Union (EU) during 2005–2015. The evolution of NOx and SO2 emissions were analyzed against the EU Directives in force during 2005–2015. The investigation was performed using space-borne observations and estimated emissions collected from the EEA (European Environment Agency) inventory of air pollutant emissions. The power plants were chosen according to their capacity and emissions, located in various parts of Europe, to give an overall picture of atmospheric pollution with NOx and SO2 associated with the activity of very large LCPs in Europe. Satellite observations from OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) are compared with calculated emissions in order to assess whether satellite observations can be used to monitor air quality, as a standard procedure, by governmental or nongovernmental institutions. Our results show that both space observations and estimated emissions of NOx and SO2 atmospheric content have a descending trend until 2010, complying with the EU Directives. The financial and economic crisis during 2007–2009 played an important role in reducing emissions.
Daniel-Eduard Constantin; Corina Bocăneala; Mirela Voiculescu; Adrian Roşu; Alexis Merlaud; Michel Van Roozendael; Puiu Lucian Georgescu. Evolution of SO2 and NOx Emissions from Several Large Combustion Plants in Europe during 2005–2015. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 3630 .
AMA StyleDaniel-Eduard Constantin, Corina Bocăneala, Mirela Voiculescu, Adrian Roşu, Alexis Merlaud, Michel Van Roozendael, Puiu Lucian Georgescu. Evolution of SO2 and NOx Emissions from Several Large Combustion Plants in Europe during 2005–2015. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (10):3630.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel-Eduard Constantin; Corina Bocăneala; Mirela Voiculescu; Adrian Roşu; Alexis Merlaud; Michel Van Roozendael; Puiu Lucian Georgescu. 2020. "Evolution of SO2 and NOx Emissions from Several Large Combustion Plants in Europe during 2005–2015." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10: 3630.
Bathymetric measurements play an important role in assessing the sedimentation rate, deposition of pollutants, erosion rate, or monitoring of morphological changes in a river, lake, or accumulation basin. In order to create a coherent and continuous digital elevation model (DEM) of a river bed, various data interpolation methods are used, especially when single-beam bathymetric measurements do not cover the entire area and when there are areas which are not measured. Interpolation methods are based on numerical models applied to natural landscapes (e.g., meandering river) by taking into account various morphometric and morphologies and a wide range of scales. Obviously, each interpolation method, used in standard or customised form, yields different results. This study aims at testing four interpolation methods in order to determine the most appropriate method which will give an accurate description of the riverbed, based on single-beam bathymetric measurements. The four interpolation methods selected in the present research are: inverse distance weighting (IDW), radial basis function (RBF) with completely regularized spline (CRS) which uses deterministic interpolation, simple kriging (KRG) which is a geo-statistical method, and Topo to Raster (TopoR), a particular method specifically designed for creating continuous surfaces from various elevation points, contour, or polygon data, suitable for creating surfaces for hydrologic analysis. Digital elevation models (DEM’s) were statistically analyzed and precision and errors were evaluated. The single-beam bathymetric measurements were made on the Siret River, between 0 and 35 km. To check and validate the methods, the experiment was repeated for five randomly selected cross-sections in a 1500 m section of the river. The results were then compared with the data extracted from each elevation model generated with each of the four interpolation methods. Our results show that: 1) TopoR is the most accurate technique, and 2) the two deterministic methods give large errors in bank areas, for the entire river channel and for the particular cross-sections.
Maxim Arseni; Mirela Voiculescu; Lucian Puiu Georgescu; Catalina Iticescu; Adrian Rosu. Testing Different Interpolation Methods Based on Single Beam Echosounder River Surveying. Case Study: Siret River. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2019, 8, 507 .
AMA StyleMaxim Arseni, Mirela Voiculescu, Lucian Puiu Georgescu, Catalina Iticescu, Adrian Rosu. Testing Different Interpolation Methods Based on Single Beam Echosounder River Surveying. Case Study: Siret River. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2019; 8 (11):507.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaxim Arseni; Mirela Voiculescu; Lucian Puiu Georgescu; Catalina Iticescu; Adrian Rosu. 2019. "Testing Different Interpolation Methods Based on Single Beam Echosounder River Surveying. Case Study: Siret River." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 11: 507.
At present, the value of channel roughness represents the most important parameter of hydraulic model calibration for flood mapping and flood forecasting. In practice, the roughness coefficient (Manning’s “n” value) cannot be determined from in situ surveying, but it can be automatically extracted from alternative sources, like pedological maps, ortophotomaps by digitizing each polygon associated with “n” value or using satellite images LANDSAT. For calibration of Manning’s “n” values, it was used the data from 2005, when a major flood occurred in this study area. To verify the performance of the calibrated HEC-RAS model, it was analyzed the flood peaks of observed and simulated values, and computation of root mean square error for the used hydrograph station on the lower Siret River. The study aims to present an efficient calibration method for flood mapping using HEC-RAS model.
Maxim Arseni; Adrian Roșu; Gabriel Murariu; Lucian Puiu Georgescu; Cătălina Iticescu; Mădălina Calmuc; Valentina Calmuc; Dunarea de Jos". The role of river channel roughness for water level modeling during the 2005 year flood on Siret river using HEC-RAS model. Annals of the ”Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle II, Mathematics, Physics, Theoretical Mechanics 2019, 42, 68 -76.
AMA StyleMaxim Arseni, Adrian Roșu, Gabriel Murariu, Lucian Puiu Georgescu, Cătălina Iticescu, Mădălina Calmuc, Valentina Calmuc, Dunarea de Jos". The role of river channel roughness for water level modeling during the 2005 year flood on Siret river using HEC-RAS model. Annals of the ”Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle II, Mathematics, Physics, Theoretical Mechanics. 2019; 42 (1):68-76.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaxim Arseni; Adrian Roșu; Gabriel Murariu; Lucian Puiu Georgescu; Cătălina Iticescu; Mădălina Calmuc; Valentina Calmuc; Dunarea de Jos". 2019. "The role of river channel roughness for water level modeling during the 2005 year flood on Siret river using HEC-RAS model." Annals of the ”Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle II, Mathematics, Physics, Theoretical Mechanics 42, no. 1: 68-76.
Floods are phenomena that occur quite often in the deltaic space, with an increased impact on the environment, localities on the water course, human health and economic activity. This paper presents flood risk analysis using GIS specialization programs for a vulnerable area in the Danube Delta. The target area of this study is shown in Figure 1. The results show the areas where water can reach quickly in the event of heavy precipitations from rains or behind the protection dam failure caused by a strong flash flood. The results are presented as digital maps processed in GIS software that shows the vulnerable flood areas in Mila 23 locality. The general information base used in the processing of all data is the digital terrain model with a meaningful content of land configuration information. Flood risk is a subject of great concern to researchers, in recent decades the Danube Delta has been beset by numerous natural hazards, of these the floods are the ones that most often manifest.
Alexandru Banescu; Lucian Puiu Georgescu; Cătălina Iticescu; Eugen Rusu; Dunarea de Jos". Use of GIS technology in flood risk analysis. Case study Mila 23 locality from the Danube Delta. Annals of the ”Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle II, Mathematics, Physics, Theoretical Mechanics 2019, 42, 77 -84.
AMA StyleAlexandru Banescu, Lucian Puiu Georgescu, Cătălina Iticescu, Eugen Rusu, Dunarea de Jos". Use of GIS technology in flood risk analysis. Case study Mila 23 locality from the Danube Delta. Annals of the ”Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle II, Mathematics, Physics, Theoretical Mechanics. 2019; 42 (1):77-84.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexandru Banescu; Lucian Puiu Georgescu; Cătălina Iticescu; Eugen Rusu; Dunarea de Jos". 2019. "Use of GIS technology in flood risk analysis. Case study Mila 23 locality from the Danube Delta." Annals of the ”Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle II, Mathematics, Physics, Theoretical Mechanics 42, no. 1: 77-84.
This paper presents an analysis of various sources of errors for measurements of atmospheric trace gases concentrations, based on DOAS (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy). The error analysis is based on measurements done in Galati city on 11 October 2018. The spectral window was 425-490 nm which is used for NO2 detection in the lower atmosphere. Two sets of reference spectra were used: one recorded during a measurement campaign of the project DANS in Galati city and one recorded in May 2015 in a remote area at high altitudes, where NO2 sources are scarce. This investigation will provide a more reliable method of reducing the errors in NO2 DOAS spectral analysis by selecting appropriate reference spectra.
Adrian Roșu; Daniel-Eduard Constantin; Bogdan Roșu; Maxim Arseni; Mirela Voiculescu; Cătălina Iticescu; Lucian Puiu Georgescu; Dunarea de Jos". Impact of selecting different reference spectra on errors in doas analysis. Annals of the ”Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle II, Mathematics, Physics, Theoretical Mechanics 2019, 42, 109 -116.
AMA StyleAdrian Roșu, Daniel-Eduard Constantin, Bogdan Roșu, Maxim Arseni, Mirela Voiculescu, Cătălina Iticescu, Lucian Puiu Georgescu, Dunarea de Jos". Impact of selecting different reference spectra on errors in doas analysis. Annals of the ”Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle II, Mathematics, Physics, Theoretical Mechanics. 2019; 42 (1):109-116.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdrian Roșu; Daniel-Eduard Constantin; Bogdan Roșu; Maxim Arseni; Mirela Voiculescu; Cătălina Iticescu; Lucian Puiu Georgescu; Dunarea de Jos". 2019. "Impact of selecting different reference spectra on errors in doas analysis." Annals of the ”Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle II, Mathematics, Physics, Theoretical Mechanics 42, no. 1: 109-116.
The aim of the present paper is to quantify water quality in the Lower Danube Region by using a series of multivariate techniques and the Water Quality Index (WQI). In this paper were measured 18 parameters upstream and downstream the city of Galati along the Danube River, namely: pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), N-NH4+, N-NO2−, N-NO3−, N total, P-PO43−, SO42−, Cl−, Fe-total, Cr-total, Pb2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, As2+, in the interval winter 2013–winter 2016. The samples were either analyzed on the field, or sent for testing to the laboratory. The physicochemical parameters mentioned above were analyzed in accordance with the Romanian and International standards in force. The WQI was calculated according to Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index Method. The interdependencies between the selected physicochemical parameters were used for determining potential sources of pollution. Monitoring water quality dynamics in the period mentioned above favoured a series of relevant conclusions about the anthropic influence on water quality. Water quality was assessed by processing the measurements results, by calculating the water quality index (WQI), and by using the principal component analyses (PCA) and the response surface method (RSM) with the aim of correlating the indices for the physico-chemical parameters.
Catalina Iticescu; Lucian P. Georgescu; Gabriel Murariu; Catalina Topa; Mihaela Timofti; Violeta Pintilie; Maxim Arseni; Mihaela Timofti. Lower Danube Water Quality Quantified through WQI and Multivariate Analysis. Water 2019, 11, 1305 .
AMA StyleCatalina Iticescu, Lucian P. Georgescu, Gabriel Murariu, Catalina Topa, Mihaela Timofti, Violeta Pintilie, Maxim Arseni, Mihaela Timofti. Lower Danube Water Quality Quantified through WQI and Multivariate Analysis. Water. 2019; 11 (6):1305.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCatalina Iticescu; Lucian P. Georgescu; Gabriel Murariu; Catalina Topa; Mihaela Timofti; Violeta Pintilie; Maxim Arseni; Mihaela Timofti. 2019. "Lower Danube Water Quality Quantified through WQI and Multivariate Analysis." Water 11, no. 6: 1305.
The present paper describes the development of a multisensory system for the analysis of the natural water in the Danube, water collected in the neighboring area of Galati City. The multisensory system consists of a sensor array made up of six screen-printed sensors based on electroactive compounds (Cobalt phthalocyanine, Meldola's Blue, Prussian Blue) and nanomaterials (Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes, Multi-Walled Graphene, Gold Nanoparticles). The measurements with the sensors array were performed by using cyclic voltammetry. The cyclic voltammograms recorded in the Danube natural water show redox processes related to the electrochemical activity of the compounds in the water samples or of the electro-active compounds in the sensors detector element. These processes are strongly influenced by the composition and physico-chemical properties of the water samples, such as the ionic strength or the pH. The multivariate data analysis was performed by using the principal component analysis (PCA) and the discriminant factor analysis (DFA), the water samples being discriminated according to the collection point. In order to confirm the observed classes, the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method was used. The classification of the samples according to the collection point could be made accurately and with very few errors. The correlations established between the voltammetric data and the results of the physico-chemical analyses by using the PLS1 method were very good, the correlation coefficients exceeding 0.9. Moreover, the predictive capacity of the multisensory system is very good, the differences between the measured and the predicted values being less than 3%. The multisensory system based on voltammetric sensors and on multivariate data analysis methods is a viable and useful tool for natural water analysis.
Constantin Apetrei; Catalina Iticescu; Lucian Puiu Georgescu. Multisensory System Used for the Analysis of the Water in the Lower Area of River Danube. Nanomaterials 2019, 9, 891 .
AMA StyleConstantin Apetrei, Catalina Iticescu, Lucian Puiu Georgescu. Multisensory System Used for the Analysis of the Water in the Lower Area of River Danube. Nanomaterials. 2019; 9 (6):891.
Chicago/Turabian StyleConstantin Apetrei; Catalina Iticescu; Lucian Puiu Georgescu. 2019. "Multisensory System Used for the Analysis of the Water in the Lower Area of River Danube." Nanomaterials 9, no. 6: 891.
The presented paper shows a combination of different methods and techniques for high precision depth measurements. The results show the procedures for collecting field data from the bathymetric measurement campaign of August 2018, developed along the lower course of the Danube. Measurements were made over a total distance of 20 km. The main purpose of the measurements is to create bathymetric maps and to generate depth maps. To achieve the main purpose of this research paper, single beam bathymetric measurements were made, and they were combined with GPS RTK mode determination, in local Stereo 70 coordinate system. Repeated measurements in different quarters of the year will determine the morphometric changes in time of the riverbed on this study area. Furthermore, based on the bathymetric maps, in the future, a coherent river terrain model can be created, and it can be used for other purposes, like 1D/2D or 3D hydrodynamic modeling and flood inundation mapping.
Maxim Arseni; Adrian Roșu; Cătălina Iticescu; Lucian Puiu Georgescu; Mihaela Timofti; Violeta Pintilie; Mădălina Călmuc; Octavian Roman; Dunarea de Jos". "A review of bathymetric measurements from August 2018 campaign on the lower course of the Danube ". Annals of the ”Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle II, Mathematics, Physics, Theoretical Mechanics 2018, 41, 212 -219.
AMA StyleMaxim Arseni, Adrian Roșu, Cătălina Iticescu, Lucian Puiu Georgescu, Mihaela Timofti, Violeta Pintilie, Mădălina Călmuc, Octavian Roman, Dunarea de Jos". "A review of bathymetric measurements from August 2018 campaign on the lower course of the Danube ". Annals of the ”Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle II, Mathematics, Physics, Theoretical Mechanics. 2018; 41 (1):212-219.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaxim Arseni; Adrian Roșu; Cătălina Iticescu; Lucian Puiu Georgescu; Mihaela Timofti; Violeta Pintilie; Mădălina Călmuc; Octavian Roman; Dunarea de Jos". 2018. ""A review of bathymetric measurements from August 2018 campaign on the lower course of the Danube "." Annals of the ”Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle II, Mathematics, Physics, Theoretical Mechanics 41, no. 1: 212-219.
The aim of this paper is to quantify the NO2 level in the lower Danube basin area based on measurements using a mobile DOAS (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) system. The DOAS system used in this study is composed of an UV-Vis spectrometer for recording the sunlight spectra mounted on a car, as mobile platform. Mobile DOAS measurements were performed in October 2018 around and inside the cities of Galati, Braila, Tulcea, in rural areas and remote areas that are far from cities and other major sources of nitrogen oxide, in order to observe how the pollution level varies in the case of these zones. The measurement tracks show the NO2 distribution in different zones of the lower Danube basin. The values of the NO2 tropospheric densities are extracted from measurements of the mobile DOAS system by using a simple approach. Thus, all the measurements were performed at noon, when the sunlight path is almost perpendicular to the ground surface and therefore, the performed measurements are more sensitive in detecting the vertical column densities (VCD) of trace gases from the troposphere. A GIS (Geographic Information System) software was used to plot the results of the measurements as spatial distribution maps for each track.
Adrian Roșu; Bogdan Roșu; Daniel Eduard Constantin; Mirela Voiculescu; Maxim Arseni; Valentina Călmuc; Cătălina Iticescu; Lucian-Puiu Georgescu; Dunarea de Jos". "Overview of NO2 pollution level in the lower Danube basin during DANS measurements campaign ". Annals of the ”Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle II, Mathematics, Physics, Theoretical Mechanics 2018, 41, 163 -170.
AMA StyleAdrian Roșu, Bogdan Roșu, Daniel Eduard Constantin, Mirela Voiculescu, Maxim Arseni, Valentina Călmuc, Cătălina Iticescu, Lucian-Puiu Georgescu, Dunarea de Jos". "Overview of NO2 pollution level in the lower Danube basin during DANS measurements campaign ". Annals of the ”Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle II, Mathematics, Physics, Theoretical Mechanics. 2018; 41 (1):163-170.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdrian Roșu; Bogdan Roșu; Daniel Eduard Constantin; Mirela Voiculescu; Maxim Arseni; Valentina Călmuc; Cătălina Iticescu; Lucian-Puiu Georgescu; Dunarea de Jos". 2018. ""Overview of NO2 pollution level in the lower Danube basin during DANS measurements campaign "." Annals of the ”Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle II, Mathematics, Physics, Theoretical Mechanics 41, no. 1: 163-170.
The main goal of The Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC is to define the state of all bodies of water in the terms of an ecological category according to the 5 classes of quality. Due to the fact that the Danube is the second longest river in Europe, the evaluation of its water quality has always been a very debated topic in domain specific studies. The water ecological status may be established by calculating various quality indices which embrace both physico-chemical parameters and biological ones. The aim of this paper is to synthesize the previous research studies on the assessment and monitoring of water quality in the Danube River basin. According to these studies, the quality of the Danube water was included in various classes throughout the entire stream. This was due to both the anthropogenic and natural influences on the Danube water quality.
Mădălina Călmuc; Valentina Andreea Călmuc; Maria Cătălina Țopa; Mihaela Timofti; Cătălina Ilticescu; Lucian Puiu Georgescu; Dunarea de Jos". Review on water quality assessment in the Danube river basin. Annals of the ”Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle II, Mathematics, Physics, Theoretical Mechanics 2018, 41, 189 -195.
AMA StyleMădălina Călmuc, Valentina Andreea Călmuc, Maria Cătălina Țopa, Mihaela Timofti, Cătălina Ilticescu, Lucian Puiu Georgescu, Dunarea de Jos". Review on water quality assessment in the Danube river basin. Annals of the ”Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle II, Mathematics, Physics, Theoretical Mechanics. 2018; 41 (1):189-195.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMădălina Călmuc; Valentina Andreea Călmuc; Maria Cătălina Țopa; Mihaela Timofti; Cătălina Ilticescu; Lucian Puiu Georgescu; Dunarea de Jos". 2018. "Review on water quality assessment in the Danube river basin." Annals of the ”Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle II, Mathematics, Physics, Theoretical Mechanics 41, no. 1: 189-195.
This paper aims at monitoring the water quality and the pollution degree on a relevant sector from the Lower Danube using the levels of nutrients, minerals, organic matters and the oxygen conditions as the specific indicators. For this study, water samples were taken from 5 different sampling stations: Priza Dunarii, the confluence of the Danube with the Siret and the Prut, Dunare-Liberatatea, and Cotul Pisicii. In order to determine the pollution degree of the Danube water in the adjacent area of Galati city, nine chemical parameters were analysed: total nitrogen, nitrates, nitrates, ammonia, total phosphorus, chlorides, sulphate ions, total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The results obtained were used to assess and classify the quality of the Lower Danube water into quality classes according to the Water Framework Directive transposed in Order 161/2006.
Ionela Cotloguț; Maria Cătălina Țopa; Mihaela Timofti; Gabriel Murariu; Maxim Arseni; Cătălina Iticescu; Lucian Puiu Georgescu; Dunarea de Jos". Assessment of chemical parameters in the lower Danube. Annals of the ”Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle II, Mathematics, Physics, Theoretical Mechanics 2018, 41, 196 -203.
AMA StyleIonela Cotloguț, Maria Cătălina Țopa, Mihaela Timofti, Gabriel Murariu, Maxim Arseni, Cătălina Iticescu, Lucian Puiu Georgescu, Dunarea de Jos". Assessment of chemical parameters in the lower Danube. Annals of the ”Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle II, Mathematics, Physics, Theoretical Mechanics. 2018; 41 (1):196-203.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIonela Cotloguț; Maria Cătălina Țopa; Mihaela Timofti; Gabriel Murariu; Maxim Arseni; Cătălina Iticescu; Lucian Puiu Georgescu; Dunarea de Jos". 2018. "Assessment of chemical parameters in the lower Danube." Annals of the ”Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle II, Mathematics, Physics, Theoretical Mechanics 41, no. 1: 196-203.