Novel intelligent systems to assist energy transition and improve sustainability can be deployed at different scales, ranging from a house to an entire region. University campuses are an interesting intermediate size (big enough to matter and small enough to be tractable) for research, development, test and training on the integration of smartness at all levels, which has led to the emergence of the concept of “smart campus” over the last few years. This review article proposes an extensive analysis of the scientific literature on smart campuses from the last decade (2010-2020). The 182 selected publications are distributed into seven categories of smartness: smart building, smart environment, smart mobility, smart living, smart people, smart governance and smart data. The main open questions and challenges regarding smart campuses are presented at the end of the review and deal with sustainability and energy transition, acceptability and ethics, learning models, open data policies and interoperability. The present work was carried out within the framework of the Energy Network of the Regional Leaders Summit (RLS-Energy) as part of its multilateral research efforts on smart regions.

O objetivo deste trabalho é definir a natureza jurídica da geração distribuída de energia elétrica, tal como regulada pela Lei nº 14.300/2022 e pela Resolução Normativa (REN) nº 482/2012 da Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL), sendo possível, então, identificar o regime jurídico aplicável à atividade, em especial, a possibilidade de sua prática pelos particulares, matéria essa jamais discutida pela doutrina, até onde se tem notícia. Para tanto, utilizar-se-á da metodologia de pesquisa jurídico-dogmática, através da investigação do conjunto normativo brasileiro aplicável à atividade, buscando assim inferir os princípios e características que a regem, e os comparando às espécies doutrinárias de atividade econômica categorizadas pela doutrina de Direito Administrativo e Econômico. Assim, o artigo se inicia com a exposição da relevância do tema para o desenvolvimento sustentável do país, seguido de um breve histórico recente do setor elétrico e da análise das normas aplicáveis à atividade. Após, busca-se responder diretamente à questão tema do trabalho, examinando o cabimento das categorias de atividade econômica à Geração Distribuída. Por fim, identifica-se se tratar de atividade econômica em sentido estrito, havendo plena possibilidade de ser exercida por particulares, ante expressa autorização (em lato sensu) constitucional.

One of the challenges faced by Brazilian distribution utilities to enable the connection and operation of microgrids (MGs) is the absence of a solid set of technical standards in the country. An alternative has been to use and adapt existing standards applied to micro- and mini-distributed generation. In this context, this paper presents an analysis of the development status of norms, standards, and general requirements for the connection and operation of microgrids, as well as a proposal for the regulation and structuring of technical and operational requirements related to the implementation of microgrid projects. Some critical points highlighted in the paper include: the modes of operation, the minimum requirements for the different modes of operation, interoperability of systems, a conceptual model with attribution of responsible actors for the decentralized management of microgrids adapted to the institutional standards of the Brazilian sectorial model, a proposal for a standard connection structure considering the point of connection (PoC) implanted using multifunctional relay and recloser, procedures for technical feasibility assessment (operational studies) of MGs connection, and, finally, a discussion of operational issues of storage systems in a microgrid environment.

This paper presents an alternative methodology to obtain the precise amount of shunt reactive power compensation in order to simultaneously reduce the total reactive power losses, improve the voltage profile and increase the loading margin of power systems. The amount of shunt reactive power compensation to be allocated is determined based on the curve of the total reactive power losses versus the voltage magnitude of a chosen bus. The best places for shunt reactive compensation are defined by the load bus participation factors of the critical mode provided by the static modal analysis. Simulation results employing shunt capacitors obtained with the new approach for the IEEE test systems (14, 57 and 300 buses) show that the procedure leads to a reduction in total reactive and active power losses and simultaneously improves the voltage profile and loading margin.