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Kerstin D. Wydra
Plant Production and Climate Change, Erfurt University of Applied Sciences, Erfurt, Germany

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Original article
Published: 26 May 2021 in Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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The estimated annual worldwide production of jackfruit peelings (JP) and jackfruit seeds is 2.96 million tonnes. This study assesses the suitability of this jackfruit waste from soft and firm jackfruit varieties as potential feedstocks for anaerobic digestion and slow pyrolysis. Proximate, ultimate, calorific values, thermogravimetric, compositional and lignocellulosic analyses were conducted. The volatile matter, fixed carbon, hydrogen and carbon content of soft and firm jackfruit waste (peelings and seeds) ranged between 76.81 and 78.83%, 18.28 and 19.42%, 5.43 and 7.13% and 43.89 and 48.08%, respectively. The higher heating values (HHV) of soft and firm jackfruit waste ranged between 17.42 and 19.81 MJ/kg. The ash content of jackfruit waste from both varieties varied within the recommended range of less than 8%. The starch content of jackfruit peelings and seeds from both soft and firm varieties ranged between 29.05 and 59.54% while the sugar content of jackfruit peelings and seeds from soft and firm varieties ranged from 2.04 to 68.8%. The maximum weight degradation rate for the jackfruit waste for both jackfruit varieties occurred in the temperature range of 450–550 °C which is within the slow pyrolysis regime. Generally, cellulose formed the biggest proportions of the lignocellulosic composition followed by hemicellulose and lignin. Jackfruit waste from both soft and firm varieties is a potential feed stock for slow pyrolysis while soft variety jackfruit waste is more suitable for biogas production compared to the firm jackfruit wastes.

ACS Style

Denis Nsubuga; Noble Banadda; Isa Kabenge; Kerstin D. Wydra. Potential of Jackfruit Waste as Anaerobic Digestion and Slow Pyrolysis Feedstock. Journal of Biosystems Engineering 2021, 46, 163 -172.

AMA Style

Denis Nsubuga, Noble Banadda, Isa Kabenge, Kerstin D. Wydra. Potential of Jackfruit Waste as Anaerobic Digestion and Slow Pyrolysis Feedstock. Journal of Biosystems Engineering. 2021; 46 (2):163-172.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Denis Nsubuga; Noble Banadda; Isa Kabenge; Kerstin D. Wydra. 2021. "Potential of Jackfruit Waste as Anaerobic Digestion and Slow Pyrolysis Feedstock." Journal of Biosystems Engineering 46, no. 2: 163-172.

Review
Published: 18 September 2019 in Journal of Photonics for Energy
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Although many international events tackle either the question of energy, specifically the growing importance of renewable energy (RE) for global development, or the development of water efficient technologies and practices that will help conserve our world’s scarce and dwindling resources, the two spheres are rarely considered in their specific interconnections that are so important for holistic development approaches. In addition to these linkages, a framework of economic and governance conditions that determine the success of such technologies, specifically in rural areas with their complex problems, needs to be considered for a sustainable rural development. Egypt is a country that is particularly vulnerable to many of the sustainability challenges and climate change effects to which all countries around the world are struggling to respond. The MENA population is expected to double to 720 million by 2050,1 and the Egyptian population of around 93 million grows by a million people every 6 to 10 months,2,3 a growth rate of 2.56%,4 further increasing poverty and the already high youth unemployment. Since the country’s landmass consists of 96% desert, 98% of Egypt’s population lives on only around 4% of the landmass, mainly on the green sliver of land along the Nile River and in the Nile Delta, and population densities are comparable to those of Indian megacities. This population distribution also means that residents of villages and cities that are located far away from the River Nile constitute minorities that are often not well connected to the services concentrated in the most populated parts of Egypt. The vast distances that lie between Egypt’s urban centers and the residents of some of its remote rural areas pose a challenge to the transportation of public services, such as 24-h electricity and improved drinking water. The geographical distances and the remote location of some rural communities that may, at times, consist of only a handful of households, lend themselves to stand-alone, off-grid solutions to service power generation based on solar photovoltaic (PV).

ACS Style

Kerstin Wydra; Martina Jaskolski; Lukas Wagner; Essam Sh. Mohamed. Nexus approach to solar technology for energy and water supply for sustainable rural development in Egypt: a review. Journal of Photonics for Energy 2019, 9, 043108 .

AMA Style

Kerstin Wydra, Martina Jaskolski, Lukas Wagner, Essam Sh. Mohamed. Nexus approach to solar technology for energy and water supply for sustainable rural development in Egypt: a review. Journal of Photonics for Energy. 2019; 9 (4):043108.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kerstin Wydra; Martina Jaskolski; Lukas Wagner; Essam Sh. Mohamed. 2019. "Nexus approach to solar technology for energy and water supply for sustainable rural development in Egypt: a review." Journal of Photonics for Energy 9, no. 4: 043108.

Concept paper
Published: 12 July 2017 in Sustainability
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Metallic iron (Fe0)-based filtration systems have the potential to significantly contribute to the achievement of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of substantially improving the human condition by 2030 through the provision of clean water. Recent knowledge on Fe0-based safe drinking water filters is addressed herein. They are categorized into two types: Household and community filters. Design criteria are recalled and operational details are given. Scientists are invited to co-develop knowledge enabling the exploitation of the great potential of Fe0 filters for sustainable safe drinking water provision (and sanitation).

ACS Style

Elham Naseri; Arnaud Igor Ndé-Tchoupé; Hezron T. Mwakabona; Charles Péguy Nanseu-Njiki; Chicgoua Noubactep; Karoli N. Njau; Kerstin D. Wydra. Making Fe0-Based Filters a Universal Solution for Safe Drinking Water Provision. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1224 .

AMA Style

Elham Naseri, Arnaud Igor Ndé-Tchoupé, Hezron T. Mwakabona, Charles Péguy Nanseu-Njiki, Chicgoua Noubactep, Karoli N. Njau, Kerstin D. Wydra. Making Fe0-Based Filters a Universal Solution for Safe Drinking Water Provision. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (7):1224.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elham Naseri; Arnaud Igor Ndé-Tchoupé; Hezron T. Mwakabona; Charles Péguy Nanseu-Njiki; Chicgoua Noubactep; Karoli N. Njau; Kerstin D. Wydra. 2017. "Making Fe0-Based Filters a Universal Solution for Safe Drinking Water Provision." Sustainability 9, no. 7: 1224.

Research article
Published: 01 February 2016 in Plant Disease
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Rice bacterial blight (BB) is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and is responsible for substantial yield loss worldwide. Host resistance remains the most feasible control measure. However, pathogen variability leads to the failure of certain resistance genes to control the disease, and climate change with high amplitudes of heat predisposes the host plant to pathogen invasion. Due to pressure in natural selection, landrace species often carry a wide range of unique traits conferring tolerance of stress. Therefore, exploring their genetic background for host resistance could enable the identification of broad-spectrum resistance to combined abiotic and biotic stresses. Nineteen Oryza glaberrima accessions and O. sativa rice variety SUPA were evaluated for BB resistance under high temperature (35 and 31°C day and night, respectively) using 14 X. oryzae pv. oryzae strains originated from the Philippines. Under normal temperature, most of the accessions showed resistance to 9 strains (64.3%) and accession TOG6007 showed broad-spectrum resistance to 12 strains (85.7%). Under high temperature, most accessions showed a reduction in BB disease, whereas, accession TOG5620 showed disease reduction from all the X. oryzae pv. oryzae strains under high temperature. Molecular characterization using gene-based and linked markers for BB resistance genes Xa4, xa5, Xa7, xa13, and Xa21 revealed the susceptible alleles of Xa4, xa5, xa13, and Xa21 in O. glaberrima. However, no allele of Xa7 was detected among O. glaberrima accessions. Our results suggest that O. glaberrima accessions contain a BB resistance different from the Xa gene type. Genome-wide association mapping could be used to identify quantitative trait loci that are associated with BB resistance or combined BB resistance and high-temperature tolerance.

ACS Style

Gerbert Sylvestre Dossa; Ricardo Oliva; Edgar Maiss; Casiana Vera Cruz; Kerstin Wydra. High Temperature Enhances the Resistance of Cultivated African Rice, Oryza glaberrima, to Bacterial Blight. Plant Disease 2016, 100, 380 -387.

AMA Style

Gerbert Sylvestre Dossa, Ricardo Oliva, Edgar Maiss, Casiana Vera Cruz, Kerstin Wydra. High Temperature Enhances the Resistance of Cultivated African Rice, Oryza glaberrima, to Bacterial Blight. Plant Disease. 2016; 100 (2):380-387.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gerbert Sylvestre Dossa; Ricardo Oliva; Edgar Maiss; Casiana Vera Cruz; Kerstin Wydra. 2016. "High Temperature Enhances the Resistance of Cultivated African Rice, Oryza glaberrima, to Bacterial Blight." Plant Disease 100, no. 2: 380-387.

Journal article
Published: 31 December 2014 in International Journal of Phytopathology
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The cassava landrace BEN 86052, susceptible to cassava bacterial blight (CBB), was chosen for the field experiments conducted in the forest savannah transition zone at Abomey-Calavi, Benin Republic. One month old plants were spray-inoculated with Xanthomona axonopodiss pv. manihotis (Xam) strain GSPB 2506 to achieve a homogenous infection across all plots. Disease development and cassava growth parameters were monitored over 12 months. Diseased leaves were removed four times at an interval of three weeks. A detailed symptom evaluation of percentage of spots, blight, wilt and dieback revealed significant reduction of blight and wilt symptoms in removed leaves plots. Disease severity was reduced by 71% in plots with leaf removal compared to non-removed leaves plots. Growth parameters leaf, stem and root weight at 6 and 12 months after planting were not significantly different between removed leaves and non-removed leaves plots. In fact, removal of infected leaves had no significant effect on root yield and reduced the epidemic potential of cassava bacterial blight in the field in the same season and the transfer of the infection by contaminated cuttings to the next season. Removal of diseased leaves should be highly effective in cassava fields with low disease incidence and specifically recommended for moderately resistant or resistant cultivars as part of an integrated management to control the cassava bacterial blight.

ACS Style

Andre A. Fanou; Kerstin Wydra. Removal of Symptomatic Cassava Leaves as Cultural Practice to Control Cassava Bacterial Blight. International Journal of Phytopathology 2014, 3, 117 -124.

AMA Style

Andre A. Fanou, Kerstin Wydra. Removal of Symptomatic Cassava Leaves as Cultural Practice to Control Cassava Bacterial Blight. International Journal of Phytopathology. 2014; 3 (3):117-124.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andre A. Fanou; Kerstin Wydra. 2014. "Removal of Symptomatic Cassava Leaves as Cultural Practice to Control Cassava Bacterial Blight." International Journal of Phytopathology 3, no. 3: 117-124.