This study aims to examine the asymmetric relationship between trade openness and FDI (foreign direct investment) inflows to Vietnam by using NARDL (nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag) during the period from 1997 to 2019. Our findings show that the influence of FDI on trade openness is asymmetric in the short-run and long-run. But the influence of trade openness on FDI is symmetric in the short-run and asymmetric in the long run.

Given the context of the COVID-19 pandemic disrupting global logistics, coupled with the Russia–Ukraine war causing global energy price changes, examining both the linear and nonlinear associations between shipping cost and oil price is crucial in a global context. This study empirically exhibits the association among Global Commodity Prices Index (GPI), Oil Price (OP), Gold Future Price (GFP), and Baltic Dry Index (BDI) by employing Linear Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) as well as Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributive Lag (Nonlinear ARDL) from January 2003 to January 2023. The findings indicate that the influence of OP on BDI has a negative impact in the long run and a positive impact in the short run. Furthermore, the OP has an asymmetric effect on BDI in both the long and short terms. Finally, the predictive performance of the NARDL model outperforms the ARDL model in forecasting OP and BDI. The empirical findings derived from the ARDL and NARDL algorithms offer valuable insights for policymakers in designing public policies and for investors in portfolio construction.