Reverse engineering and the creation of digital twins are advantageous for documenting, cataloging, and maintenance control tracking in the cultural heritage field. Digital copies of the objects into Building Information Models (BIM) add cultural interest to every artistic work. Low-cost 3D sensors, particularly structured-light scanners, have evolved towards multiple uses in the entertainment market but also as data acquisition and processing techniques for research purposes. Nowadays, with the development of structured-light data capture technologies, the geometry of objects can be recorded in high-resolution 3D datasets at a very low cost. On this basis, this research addresses a small artifact with geometric singularities that is representative of small museum objects. For this, the precision of two structured-light scanners is compared with that of the photogrammetric technique based on short-range image capture: a high-cost Artec Spider 3D scanner, and the low-cost Revopoint POP 3D scanner. Data capture accuracy is evaluated through a mathematical algorithm and point set segmentation to verify the spatial resolution. In addition, the precision of the 3D model is studied through a vector analysis in a BIM environment, an unprecedented analysis until now. The work evaluates the accuracy of the devices through algorithms and the study of point density at the submillimeter scale. Although the results of the 3D geometry may vary in a morphometric analysis depending on the device records, the results demonstrate similar accuracies in that submillimeter range. Photogrammetry achieved an accuracy of 0.70 mm versus the Artec Spider and 0.57 mm against the Revopoint POP 3D scanner.

The building sector is very dynamic and complex, so construction works are surrounded by uncertainties. The deficiencies of this sector are mainly related to poor project planning and management, resulting in losses because of missed deadlines, cost overruns, reworks, and unsatisfied clients. For a project to be successful, all the parties involved should work together to effectively manage the risks that could emerge in the project life cycle. This research defines and establishes a classification of the factors causing cost and time deviations in construction projects in the Dominican Republic. For this purpose, the most common factors are compiled, and their risk levels are determined by using the data obtained in a survey in which professionals from the building sector participated. The indexes marked by the participants show that the serious risk factors are design variations and the variations made by clients, a tight project schedule and the preparation of bid offers, deficiencies in the work planning and schedule, the lack of skilled labour, and work performance errors.

For the most part, government institutions recognize that cultural heritage is a source of unparalleled expression of humanity’s footprint over time and therefore must be adequately studied, managed, and preserved. To achieve this, and especially in the case of monuments and sites of cultural-historical interest, various techniques and methodologies are employed to facilitate the acquisition of precise geometric information and geographic location. In this context, the use of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers enables something as fundamental as connecting the digitally reconstructed heritage model with a geographic information system located in terrestrial space. Considering that low-cost GNSS receivers are currently emerging and improving these processes and their speed of execution, this study proposes a research framework where, through measurement techniques and knowledge of the limitations of experimental methods, the precision of a low-cost GNSS receiver is used as a measurement element to establish control points in photogrammetry using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The results show that the Leica Zeno FLX100 intelligent device achieves a precision of around 0.015 metres, surpassing that of other consolidated Global Positioning System (GPS) devices on the market, and that this equipment is more operational and effective for establishing Ground Control Points (GCPs) in aerial photogrammetry flights due to its speed in recording data and sending it to operators. The experimental samples were collected in two work areas: rural and urban environments. Performance was measured in terms of accuracy and feasibility in the Building Information Model (BIM) environment. In a static-urban context, the differentials between both receivers were practically identical, except on the X axis. In a dynamic-rural context, the low-cost receiver produced better results than the comparison receiver.

The real estate sector has been particularly vulnerable in recent times to different types of factors that can compromise the viability of real estate businesses. Following project management terminology, real estate risks are factors that can affect the objective of projects in this sector, which is generally to provide profitability. Real estate risks are of a diverse nature, a part of them only affect the asset object of investment, for example, a buildable area that is not in accordance with demand. Another types of real estate risks are those that affect all the assets of a certain geographical context. Here are different economic and sociodemographic systemic factors such as the labor market, the level of income in the environment or economic growth. This paper analyses the relationship that exists over time between the evolution of different systemic risks and the evolution of the price of real estate assets, the latter considered as a measure of the revaluation or profitability of the assets. This makes it possible to identify factors that contribute to early warning of adverse behaviour of real estate as an investment. This work is developed in the territorial context of the urban area of the municipality of Seville.

Currently, the risk of aerosol transmission of respiratory viruses such as SARS-Cov-2 indoors is recognised. Therefore, the objective of this work is focused on the study of small and poorly ventilated indoor spaces with low concurrent use, to find out if it is possible in a simple way to obtain at least an orientation of the potential risk for users at each moment of use. The methodology is based on the study of the existing bibliography, analysing models, equations, and calculations to find out if it is possible to use any of them to the case and that at the same time does not present excessive complexity. The results and conclusions indicate that there are clear limitations (fluid dynamics- aerodynamic, influence by temperature, light and humidity, or situations in which the user speaks, sings, shouts, coughs, or sneezes), but useful approximations can be offered regarding the risk of use.