Once administered in an organism, the physiological parameters of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) must be addressed, as well as their possible interactions and retention and elimination profiles. Alternating current biosusceptometry (ACB) is a biomagnetic detection system used to detect and quantify MNPs. The aims of this study were to evaluate the biodistribution and clearance of MNPs profiles through long-time in vivo analysis and determine the elimination time carried out by the association between the ACB system and MnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles. The liver, lung, spleen, kidneys, and heart and a blood sample were collected for biodistribution analysis and, for elimination analysis, and over 60 days. During the period analyzed, the animal’s feces were also collectedd. It was possible to notice a higher uptake by the liver and the spleen due to their characteristics of retention and uptake. In 60 days, we observed an absence of MNPs in the spleen and a significant decay in the liver. We also determined the MNPs’ half-life through the liver and the spleen elimination. The data indicated a concentration decay profile over the 60 days, which suggests that, in addition to elimination via feces, there is an endogenous mechanism of metabolization or possible agglomeration of MNPs, resulting in loss of ACB signal intensity.

Since magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been used as multifunctional probes to diagnose and treat liver diseases in recent years, this study aimed to assess how the condition of cirrhosis-associated hepatocarcinogenesis alters the biodistribution of hepatic MNPs. Using a real-time image acquisition approach, the distribution profile of MNPs after intravenous administration was monitored using an AC biosusceptometry (ACB) assay. We assessed the biodistribution profile based on the ACB images obtained through selected regions of interest (ROIs) in the heart and liver position according to the anatomical references previously selected. The signals obtained allowed for the quantification of pharmacokinetic parameters, indicating that the uptake of hepatic MNPs is compromised during liver cirrhosis, since scar tissue reduces blood flow through the liver and slows its processing function. Since liver monocytes/macrophages remained constant during the cirrhotic stage, the increased intrahepatic vascular resistance associated with impaired hepatic sinusoidal circulation was considered the potential reason for the change in the distribution of MNPs.

Pharmacomagnetography involves the simultaneous assessment of solid dosage forms (SDFs) in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the drug plasmatic concentration, using a biomagnetic technique and pharmacokinetics analysis. This multi-instrumental approach helps the evaluation, as GI variables can interfere with the drug delivery processes. This study aimed to employ pharmacomagnetography to evaluate the influence of omeprazole on the drug release and absorption of metronidazole administered orally in magnetic-coated tablets. Magnetic-coated tablets, coated with Eudragit^® E-100 (E100) and containing 100 mg of metronidazole, were produced. For the in vivo experiments, 12 volunteers participated in the two phases of the study (placebo and omeprazole) on different days to assess the bioavailability of metronidazole. The results indicated a shift as the pH of the solution increased and a delay in the dissolution of metronidazole, showing that the pH increase interferes with the release processes of tablets coated with E100. Our study reinforced the advantages of pharmacomagnetography as a tool to perform a multi-instrumental correlation analysis of the disintegration process and the bioavailability of drugs.

Constipation is a disorder of the gastrointestinal (GI) and some of the main etiological mechanisms are directly related to changes in GI physiology. The capacity to carry out paired assessments and measure GI parameters under the influence of constipation is a relevant point in selecting a suitable methodology. We aimed to perform a non-invasive investigation of gastrointestinal motility in constipated rats using the alternating current biosusceptometry system (ACB). The animals were split into two groups: the pre-induction stage (CONTROL) and post-induction loperamide stage (LOP). We assessed GI motility parameters using the ACB system. Colon morphometric and immunohistochemical analyses were performed for biomarkers (C-kit) for interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). Our results showed a significant increase in gastrointestinal transit in the LOP group in addition to a reduction in the dominant frequency of gastric contraction and an arrhythmic profile. A change in colonic contractility profiles was observed, indicating colonic dysmotility in the LOP group. We found a reduction in the number of biomarkers for intestinal cells of Cajal (ICC) in the LOP group. The ACB system can evaluate transit irregularities and their degrees of severity, while also supporting research into novel, safer, and more efficient treatments for constipation.

Maternal malnutrition is a major risk factor for adverse health outcomes in offspring, including cardiovascular disorders. According to the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concept, adverse conditions during critical developmental windows can induce long-lasting physiological adaptations that increase disease susceptibility later in life. Among the experimental models used to investigate these mechanisms, maternal protein restriction (MPR) has been associated with metabolic, cardiovascular, and hypertensive phenotypes in offspring, some of which emerge early in life. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of MPR on the cardiovascular morphophysiology of female offspring at postnatal day 21 (PND21). Pregnant rats were allocated to either a Control group (CTR), receiving a normoprotein diet (17% protein), or a Gestational and Lactational Low-Protein group (GLLP), receiving a low-protein diet (6% protein) throughout gestation and lactation. At PND21, female offspring underwent electrocardiographic assessment and were subsequently euthanized for morphological, molecular, and oxidative stress analyses. Female offspring from the GLLP group exhibited reduced body weight and body length, whereas absolute heart weight was preserved, resulting in increased relative heart weight and suggesting disproportionate somatic growth. Electrocardiographic analysis revealed a shortened P-R interval and decreased heart rate, indicating early alterations in cardiac electrical activity. Morphologically, cardiomyocyte architecture was preserved; however, reduced nuclear width and increased collagen and elastin deposition were observed, indicating early extracellular matrix remodeling without significant changes in reticular fibers. At the molecular level, GLLP offspring exhibited reduced PRDX3 expression, accompanied by decreased catalase (CAT) activity, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and lower lipid peroxidation (TBARS), suggesting alterations in redox regulation and antioxidant homeostasis during early cardiac development. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that MPR induces early structural, molecular, oxidative, and electrophysiological alterations in the hearts of female offspring. These adaptations may represent early programming events that increase susceptibility to cardiovascular dysfunction later in life, reinforcing the importance of maternal nutrition in shaping cardiovascular health across generations.