With the typical composite roof roadway and roof fall accidents in the Guizhou Province of China as the research background, the expression of damage parameters of composite roof was deduced according to Weibull statistical distribution, generalized Hooke’s law and Mises yield criterion, and the influence of shape and scale parameters of Weibull on damage characteristic was discussed. Based on the infinite slab theory, the expressions of deflection and layer separation of each layer of the composite roof were obtained, the critical load expression of each delamination was determined, and the influence of roadway width, overlying strata load, elastic modulus, shape parameters and scale parameters on the stability of composite roof was explored. The research shows that the bolt support can effectively reduce the layer separation between the composite roofs and enhance the stability of the composite roof. On this basis, it is proposed that for the surrounding rock control problem of roadways with composite roof, the active support technology with bolts as the core should be adopted.

Taking the fully mechanized mining face (FMMF) through the abandoned roadway (AR) in a coal mine in Shanxi Province, China as the engineering background, the field investigation, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field test were comprehensively used to study the instability mechanism of the trend AR. The deformation and failure evolution of the trend AR roof were deduced into four stages: initial deformation, bending and separation deformation, fracture failure, and collapse destruction. The high span ratio proved to be the key factor affecting the stability of the trend AR, and the control principle of timely support and reduction of roof span should be followed for controlling the roof of trend AR. Comparing the traditional method through the trend AR with the perspectives of technological and economic benefits, the technology of filling and controlling the trend AR with the high water material over in the FMMF was proposed, and the effect of the filling body on the roof of the trend AR was revealed. The key parameters of the filling body were identified: the strength of the filling body is 1.0 MPa, and the water-cement ratio corresponding to the high-water material is 8:1. Based on this information, the process of the trend AR filling was designed systematically. Industrial tests show that during the FMMF through the trend AR, the roof was effectively supported by the filling body and the normal coal mining was not significantly affected, so the safe mining of coal resources was guaranteed.

The safe and efficient mining of deep coal resources is severely restricted by the dynamic disasters caused by high gas and high ground stress. Taking a deep mine in China as the research background, a mechanical model of the front supporting stress with the working face was constructed through theoretical calculations. Based on the limit equilibrium theory, the stress distribution in the plastic zone and the elastic zone of the lateral working face was derived; based on semi-infinite plane mechanics model, the floor vertical and horizontal stress distribution was deduced. Then, the roadway surrounding rock stress and displacement field distribution evolution characteristics were revealed through numerical simulation. On this basis, the reasonable floor gas drainage roadway (FGDR) layout was determined: internal staggered layout was used with FGDR, the vertical distance to the working face is 20 m, and the horizontal distance to the working face end is 15 m; the open-off cut of FGDR was arranged in an external staggered layout, the vertical distance to the working face is 20 m, and the horizontal distance to the open-off cut of the working face is 15 m. It is an important practical significance for the layout of FGDR, the control of surrounding rocks, and the improvement of gas drainage effects under similar conditions through the research results.

Based on the research background of large section roadway with top coal (LSRTC) in thick coal seam mining in Wangzhuang Coal Mine, Shanxi Province, China, catastrophe characteristics of the surrounding rock of the LSRTC were investigated and summarized. Based on the principle of damage mechanics, the critical size discriminant of the LSRTC was deduced, and the induction mechanism of section size effect and tectonic stress effect on the roadway surrounding rock disaster was revealed. Accordingly, the roadway surrounding rock control principle with the basic idea of “stabilizing and controlling top coal, reconstructing the coal wall, and limiting floor heave” was put forward, and the roadway surrounding rock stability control countermeasures with the core technology of “strong pressure support for roof + grouting reinforcement for two sides + bolt barrier for floor angle” were developed, which solved the surrounding rock control problem of the LSRTC under the action of tectonic stress and provided a useful reference for the difficult problem of roadway surrounding rock control under similar conditions.