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In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) has gained considerable interest because of its capacity to facilitate the fabrication of products of various shapes better than conventional manufacturing (CM). Moreover, it can respond to the growing demand for customized products and can reduce the impact on the environment by minimizing production waste. To maximize these benefits and overcome entry barriers, researchers have conducted part consolidation (PC) research to improve sustainability by reducing the number of components, or hybrid supply chain studies involving local AM service providers. This study aims to present a new supply chain that combines the advantages of both AM and CM systems to create and analyze the potential of an AM machine that can be made available for rent at a lower cost. In this study, a closed-loop supply chain with an AM hub (CLSCAM) is first designed. Thereafter, to support manufacturers in making the decision to adopt AM, two models are developed: sustainability (cost, environment, and time) evaluation model from the lifecycle perspective of CLSCAM, and a PC method is developed to maximize the three sustainability indices. Since the PC problem with complex product structure is an NP-hard problem, the genetic algorithm is employed as a solution method. Furthermore, an experimental analysis is conducted to validate the proposed model through a real-world application (testbed product). The results reveal that the AM hub and PC model can effectively improve the sustainability of the entire lifecycle. In particular, the results of improved sustainability per unit product in mass production scenarios demonstrate the practical applicability of the proposed model. These results also demonstrate that the pre-manufacturing stage has the greatest impact on the cost sustainability index in the CLSCAM. It is further confirmed that the sustainability improvement effect of PC increases with increasing AM raw material consumption efficiency, volume reduction rate of PC.
Dongmin Son; Songi Kim; Bongju Jeong. Sustainable part consolidation model for customized products in closed-loop supply chain with additive manufacturing hub. Additive Manufacturing 2020, 37, 101643 .
AMA StyleDongmin Son, Songi Kim, Bongju Jeong. Sustainable part consolidation model for customized products in closed-loop supply chain with additive manufacturing hub. Additive Manufacturing. 2020; 37 ():101643.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDongmin Son; Songi Kim; Bongju Jeong. 2020. "Sustainable part consolidation model for customized products in closed-loop supply chain with additive manufacturing hub." Additive Manufacturing 37, no. : 101643.
Mass customization aims to manufacture large quantities of customized products at low costs comparable to that in mass production. However, the two operational objectives of mass customization, production flexibility and cost-efficiency, conflict with each other. In this circumstance, one of the famous prototyping technologies, additive manufacturing (AM), began to draw attention with its multiple function in the production system, which enables mass customizers to achieve the two contradictive objectives. This study defines mass customization capability planning (MCCP) as a production planning process which balances between production flexibility and cost-effectiveness. Also, the mathematical planning model of MCCP is developed to support it. Since the MCCP model includes stochastic parameters, a heuristic method is applied to the solution searching process. After, the MCCP model was validated by the experiment analysis.
Songi Kim; Bongju Jeong. Mass Customization Capability Planning with Additive Manufacturing. Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences 2018, 184 -192.
AMA StyleSongi Kim, Bongju Jeong. Mass Customization Capability Planning with Additive Manufacturing. Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences. 2018; ():184-192.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSongi Kim; Bongju Jeong. 2018. "Mass Customization Capability Planning with Additive Manufacturing." Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences , no. : 184-192.
Rare metals (RMs) are becoming increasingly important in high-tech industries associated with the Fourth Industrial Revolution, such as the electric vehicle (EV) and 3D printer industries. As the growth of these industries accelerates in the near future, manufacturers will also face greater RM supply risks. For this reason, many countries are putting considerable effort into securing the RM supply. For example, countries including Japan, Korea, and the USA have adopted two major policies: the stockpile system and Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR). Therefore, it is necessary for the manufacturers with RMs to establish a suitable supply chain plan that reflects this situation. In this study, the RM classification matrix is created based on the stockpile and recycling level in Korea. Accordingly, three different types of supply chain are designed in order to develop the closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) planning model of RM, and the CLSC planning models of RM are validated through experimental analysis. The results show that the stockpiling and the EPR recycling obligation increase the amount of recycled flow and reduce the total cost of the part manufacturing, which means that these two factors are significant for obtaining sustainability of the RMs’ CLSC. In addition, the government needs to set an appropriate sharing cost for promoting the manufacturer’s recycling. Also, from the manufacturer’s perspective, it is better to increase the return rate by making a contract with the collectors to guarantee the collection of used products.
Dongmin Son; Songi Kim; Hyungbin Park; Bongju Jeong. Closed-Loop Supply Chain Planning Model of Rare Metals. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1061 .
AMA StyleDongmin Son, Songi Kim, Hyungbin Park, Bongju Jeong. Closed-Loop Supply Chain Planning Model of Rare Metals. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (4):1061.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDongmin Son; Songi Kim; Hyungbin Park; Bongju Jeong. 2018. "Closed-Loop Supply Chain Planning Model of Rare Metals." Sustainability 10, no. 4: 1061.
The photovoltaic (PV) generation system has been widely used since the late 1990s. Considering its lifespan of 20 to 30 years, many end-of-life systems will emerge in the near future. This is why recycling PV systems will be beneficial (and may even be detrimental) to both the environment and the economy. Through the recycling process, hazardous by-product substances such as cadmium and lead can be treated properly. Moreover, valuable materials including indium, gallium, and tellurium can be extracted and reused for manufacturing purposes. Even though many studies have dealt with issues related to the PV system and its recycling policy, they lack significant factors regarding the recycling policy. This study analyzes and compares three real cases of manufacturer’s recycling policy, including Deutsche Solar, First Solar, and PV Cycle, from the perspective of a closed-loop supply chain. Two mathematical models are developed to help PV system manufacturers establish supply chain planning and choose suitable recycling policies in consideration of different circumstances. Furthermore, an experimental example of these models will be used to validate and conclude the significance of the models. The results from this study will show that recycling CdTe PV systems is much more efficient than recycling c-Si PV systems and that, in the case of c-Si, it is better to outsource recycling end-of-life systems and dispose of all manufacturing scrap.
Songi Kim; Bongju Jeong. Closed-Loop Supply Chain Planning Model for a Photovoltaic System Manufacturer with Internal and External Recycling. Sustainability 2016, 8, 596 .
AMA StyleSongi Kim, Bongju Jeong. Closed-Loop Supply Chain Planning Model for a Photovoltaic System Manufacturer with Internal and External Recycling. Sustainability. 2016; 8 (7):596.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSongi Kim; Bongju Jeong. 2016. "Closed-Loop Supply Chain Planning Model for a Photovoltaic System Manufacturer with Internal and External Recycling." Sustainability 8, no. 7: 596.